• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.899-904
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• 2008

Dasik is a type of Korean traditional confectionery that is kneaded with various grains, nuts or herb flour and honey and then pressed with a decorative press. Soybeans are a rich in protein, lipids, dietary fiber, minerals and fat soluble vitamins. Spirulina is a functional food that contains protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber and pigments. In this study, soybean Dasik containing spirulina was developed in an attempt to provide an easy method of incorporating spirulina into daily dietary life. In addition, we evaluated the quality characteristics of the soybean Dasik with spirulina that was developed here. Specifically, 0, 10, 20 and 30% spirulina was added to the soybean powder that was used to prepare soybean Dasik. Soybean Dasik that contained 30% spirulina had a higher moisture content and lower hardness when compared to other groups. In addition, the L, a and b value decreased as the level of spirulina increased. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of soybean Dasik increased according to the increase in the addition of spirulina. Specifically, the $IC_{50}$ values of the DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the control group were 76.6 mg/mL and 100.7 mg/mL, respectively, whereas these values were 26.3 mg/mL and 32.9 mg/mL, respectively, in Soybean Dasik that contained 30% spirulina. When a sensory evaluation was conducted, the overall preference decreased as the level of added spirulina increased. When the buying intension was evaluated, the control group had the highest score (7.8), followed by that of the Dasik that contained 20% spirulina (7.2) The buying intention was lowest for the Dasik that contained 30% spirulina. In conclusion, Soybean Dasik that contained up to 20% spirulina would be maketable.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

This study was done to investigate the effect of adolescent smoking on dietary intakes and nutritional status of serum lipids and antioxidant vitamins. Subjects were 82 somkers whose average pack-year was 0.73, and 85 nonsmokers of male technical high school students in Seoul. Anthropometric measurement was performed and % body fat was also analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). Dietary intakes and habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional (CAN) analysis programs. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Spotchem sp-4410 and serum HDL-cholesterol levels were measured by test kit. serum vitamin C level was measured by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method and serum levels of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured by HPLC. All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program. There was a significant difference in body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure while other anthropometric measurements were not different between smokers and monsmokers. Caloric intakes(2335㎉) in adolescent smokers tended to be higher than that of nonsmokers (2,175㎉) but the difference was not statistically significant. Intakes of protein(76.67g) and niacin(16.49㎎) in adolescent male smokers were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of nonsmokers although other nutrient intakes were not significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly different. Analysis of serum lipids showed that serum HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was significantly lower(p<0.05) than that of nonsmokers, whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different. Serum vitamin C level was also significantly lower(p<0.05) in adolescent smokers than in nonsmokers. In addition, serum vitamin E level, which was 7.85㎎/1 in smokers, was lower than that of 9.20㎎/1 in nonsmokers(p<0.05) while serum vitamin A level was not significantly different between the two groups. These results indicate that cigarette smoking in adolescence decreases serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin C and vitamin E even thoughth their smoking history is very short. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 349∼357, 1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nutrient intake, life style, and serum lipids level in 108 healthy middle-aged men in Taegu. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake. Anthropometric measuement of body weight and hight were measured and average energy expenditure was calculated. The mean body mass index(BMI) was 22.8$\pm$2.4 and it was in the middle of the mean BMI of Korean men. Obesity rate of study subject were 13.2%. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 88.4% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage of carboydrate, fat protein was 65 : 21 : 14. Mean intake of vitamin A, B1, C and Ca were lower than RDA. There was a highly significant negative correlation between the systolic blood pressure and calcium intake(r=-0.28, p<0.05). Smokers showed significantly higher blood glucose than non-smokers. Skipping meals and uneven diurnal distribution(no breakfast and large evening meals) are associated with high triglyceride level in this population. There was a highly significant correlation between body weight and plasma lipids. Energy expenditure was negatively correlated with plasma triglyceride level. Especially, atherogenic index was significantly lower in job-time physically active worker than that in sedentary worker. Above data provides valuable imformation to the community for program planning as well as to health providers who work individual male adults to meet their nutrition needs and to control blood lipids.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 1995

This study was an attempt to compare the energy, nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body fat distribution of diabetics with those of normal control subjects. Daily energy and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants : weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. We matched 31 pairs with diabetics and nondiabetic control subjects by sex, age, body weight and height, and made comparisons between two groups to observe the effect of diabetes in lipid profiles. Aslo the effect of exercise in diabetes was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : 1.The average of daily energy intake of diabetics was 1, 927 kcal and that of nondiabetics was 2, 159 kcal. Percentage of energy in diabetics is that carbohydrate : protein : fat = 69:13:18 2. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, 33% of diabetics were obese and energy intake was not significantly different between the two groups, but VLDL - cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the obese group. 3. Energy intake, BMI, RBW and total cholesterol level of upper obesity group were significantly higher than those of lower body obesity group in male diabetic subjects. 4. When matching 31 pairs of diabetics and nondiabetics according to sex, age, body weight and height triglyceride concentration and WHR of diabetics were measured to be significantly higher than those of nondiabetics. 5. Although energy intake was not significantly different between exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise and nonexercise groups, triglyceride, blood glucose, RBW, BMI were significantly lower in the exercise group than the nonexercis group in diabetics. 6. BMI and RBW were not correlated with cholesterol or triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with both cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, diabetics had higher triglyceride concentration and WHR than nondiabetics. WHR may be better than BMI or RBW for predicting alteration in lipid profile and exercise seems beneficial for controlling blood glucose and lipids in diabetics.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

This study was an attempt to investigate various factions, such as the calorie, nutrient intake, physical activity, blood lipids, obesity prevalence and body fat distribution on NIDDM male diabetics. General characteristics, physical activity and exercise levels of subjects were invesigated by interviewing, daily calorie and nutrient intake were measured by convenient method. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participats : weight, height. Also waist and hip circumference were measured on 174 male diabetics to get waist-to-hip circumference ratio as index of the body fat distribution. For measurement of plasma lipids, 12-hour fasting blood samples were drawn The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. At the onset of diabetes, the major self-diagnosed symptoms were polydipsia, fatigue, and body weight redution 2. The average of daily energy intake of male diabetics was 2106 Kcal which is 96% of the RDA Percentage of energy is that carbohydrate:protein : pat=70:14:16. 3. Among the NIDDM male subjects, 59% was exercise regularly. 4. Obese subjects above in the ideal body weight of 120% are presently 17%, but 39% of subjects were reported to be obese in the past. The mean BMI of the male NIDDM diabetics is 23.3${\pm}$2.6 and the past mean BMI was 25.2${\pm}$2.7 The mean WHR was 0.93${\pm}$0.10. 5. When diabetics were divided into obese and nonobese group according to RBW, energy intake, blood pressure, blood glucose and total cholesterol were not significantly different between the two groups, but LDL and VLDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the obese group. 6. RBW did not correlate with cholesterol and triglyceride, but WHR correlated significantly with cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, these results from a present study support previous findings indicating that not only the degree of obesity but also the localization of fat is a risk factor for diabetes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1993

단백식이조건을 달리하여 성장시킨 동물에 $CCl_4$를 투여하였을 때 혈청중 lipoprotein 분획비의 변동 및 이의 원인을 검토할 목적으로 흰쥐를 저단백식이(7% casein : LP) 및 고단백식이 (20% casein : HP)로 성장시킨 후, 50% $CCl_4$(v/v in olive oil)를 복강내 주사한 다음 간 중량 및 혈청 ALT 활성도 측정으로 간손상을 확인함과 동시에, 혈청지질과 혈청 lipoprotein 분획비를 측정하였다. $CCl_4$투여시 체중 당 간무게 및 혈청중 ALT의 활성도는 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며 그 증가율은 HP군이 LP군보다 더 높게 나타났다. 혈청중 총지질, 총 cholesterol 및 triglyceride의 함량은 대조군간에 별다른 차이를 관찰할 수 없었으나, $CCl_4$투여로 인해 이들 지질은 대조군에 비해 감소하였으며, 그 감소율은 HP군이 LP군보다 높게 나타났다. $CCl_4$투여로 인한 lipoprotein분획비의 변동은 대조군에 비하여 양군 공히 pre $\beta$-lipoprotein비율 및 $\alpha$-lipoprotein 비율은 감소되었고, 그 감소율은 HP군이 LP군에 비해 더 크게 나타났다. 한편 $\beta$-lipoprotein비율은 $CCl_4$투여로 인하여 두군 공히 증가하였으며 그 증가율은 HP군에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과와 문헌상의 지견을 종합해 볼때 $CCl_4$투여시 LP군에 비하여 HP군에서 간손상이 보다 더 심하게 나타나며, 이로 인하여 apoprotein의 합성억제현상이 초래됨으로써 혈청중 lipoprotein분획비의 변동이 높게 나타날 것으로 생각된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2000

Recently, it appears to have a trend of adult having weight increase in Korea. The number of obese people is increasing in Korea due to the changes of meal pattern and the lack of physical activities. Currently, obesity is the prevalent health problem in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun on the serum lipids of overweighted male university students. After 3 days of education and adaptation on this study, twenty male university students with 20.9yrs old average were fed a uniformed dormitory foodservice, and they ate constant amount of 9% mulberry leaves added-rice cake, Jeolpyun(100g) instead of boiled rice(l00g) , on each meal. Experiment was conducted during 14 days period. All meals were provided promptly. and the subejects were required to have breakfast, lunch, and dinner on weekdays. Mean height, weight, and BMI were 176.55cm, 90.OOkg, and 28.73, respectively. Although it was not very significant, body weight of the subjects appeared to be reduced after consuming the 100g substitute diet of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun. Daily energy Intake of the subjects was 2,360.6kcal, which represents 94% of the Korean RDA. The ratio of energy obtained from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 55: 17'27 As compared with the Korean RDA, 65 : 15 20, carbohydrate consumption was decreased but protein and fat consumption was a little bit increased. The ratio of animal-protein source was 58%, and animal-fat intake was 42%. Triglyceride concentrations decreased. but HDL-cholesterol was in the reversed manner The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol increased significantly after the 2wk-lOOg subtitute diet of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun (p<0.05) . However, there were no significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol con concentrations .

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B intake on biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and blood glucose control, that are important in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Seventy-six adults (42 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of diabetes patients who had visited the medical center for treatment. Data on anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆ and folate were collected using 24-hour diet recall and the CAN Pro 4.0 program. Also, data on clinical indices such as serum lipids, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were collected and analyzed for correlation with dietary vitamin B intake. Results from the dietary intake survey showed that riboflavin and folate intake (in males) and folate intake (in females) were below the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between hs-CRP and dietary intake of B vitamins. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure after adjustments for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, ingestion of diabetes mellitus medication and energy intake (p<0.05). Our results suggest that dietary vitamin B may influence inflammation and consequently may help in better management of type 2 diabetes.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu(MPT) on anthropometric measurements, including bone mineral density(BMD) in the right carpus, biochemical bone turnover markers, serum levels of lipids and macrominerals, were investigated in 30 smoking male adults who lived in Choongnam were given MPT(100 g/day) for 4 weeks. The average ages, number of smoked cigarettes and packyear were 22.38 years, 15.12/day and 3.54 years, respectively. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.10 kcal energy, 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, including dietary intake using the 24-hours recall method, carpal BMD using DEXA, serum levels of protein, albumin and glucose, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) with Al(atherosclerosis index), HTR, CRF, LHBt, some biomarkers of BMD(serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, urinary DPD), and serum macrominerals(Ca, Ca/P ratio, Mg) and Pb were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After MPT consumption, dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca and plant Ca increased significantly, but there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, BMD with bone metabolism markers, serum levels of protein, albumin or glucose, lipid profiles with AI, HTR, LHR and CRF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among urn leptin, nutritional status, and urn lipids, glucose of 99 middle school girls residing in Kyluggi-do, Korea. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups such as underweight(BMI < 20, n=38), normal(20$\leq$BMI<25, n=36) and over weight(BMI$\geq$25, n=25) groups. The nutritional status of the subjects was evaluated by anthropometric measurements, questionnaires, 24-hr dietary recalls and blood anal),sis. The results were as follows : The mean age, body weight, height and BMI were 13.93 years, 55.19kg, 158.40cm and 21.96kg/㎡ respectively. The mean menarche age of the subjects was 12.64 years and the mean daily energy intake was 94.22% off RDA for Koreans. The energy ratio from carbohydrate fat and protein was 63: 24: 13. Underweight group showed the lowest intakes of oils and fats among three groups(p<0.05). The mean serum levels of leptin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol. LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 10.57ng/ml 78.80mg/dl, 12.29mg/dl, 48.07mg/dl, 93.50mg/dl and 78.61mg/d1, respectively. The mean atherogenic index was 2.37. There were significant increases in serum leptin, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and atherogenic index of subjects with increases in their BMIs. Serum leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with BMI(p<0.001), body fat percent(p<0.001). When BMI was adjused, serum leptin showed a significantly positive partial correlations with intakes of animal protein(p<0.05), milks and animal foods(p<0.05), Serum leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with serum glucose(p<0.05) total cholesterol(p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol(p<0.001), triglyceride(p<0.001) and atherogenic index(p<0.001), however, it had significantly negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). Therefore, these results suggest that the increase of serum levels of leptin may elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and lipids and some nutrient intakes may be related with serum leptin levels. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 49-58, 2000)