• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between diabetic control and related factors of the practice of diet therapy which affects mostly diabetic patients’ dietary compliance. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 128 diabetic patients who had visited Internal medicine endocrinology clinic at University Medical Center of Daegu area. The questionnaires including clinical characteristics, meal regularity and food intake which shows dietary compliance, intrinsic barriers to the practice of diet therapy and knowledge of diet therapy were asked and analyzed. The factor which affects HbA1c was intrinsic barriers and HbA1c became higher as the level of intrinsic barriers was increasing. The education on diet therapy had no influence on the intrinsic barriers, but the level of knowledge on diet therapy was shown higher in the educated patients. The above results suggest that the practice of diet therapy should be leaded to develop behavioral aspects through resonable motivation on dietary compliance along with removing intrinsic barriers rather than simply providing information.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2014

Dyslipidemia is a component of the metabolic syndrome and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition counseling is important to improve dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling in adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia diagnosed by the national health screening program. The nutrition counseling for adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia was carried out at a public health center in Gyeonggi-do. Thirty four patients out of forty five participants in the program completed the nutrition counseling program. The nutrition counseling was provided 3 times during a 12-week period. Individualized nutrition counseling to improve dietary habits was conducted after examining participants' dietary intake through questionnaires about dietary habits and whether they practice dietary guidelines. Data about serum lipid profiles, body composition, nutrition knowledge, the practice of dietary guidelines, and dietary behavior were collected before and after nutrition counseling to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Korea ver.18.0) and significant difference was evaluated by paired t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test. Body weight, body fat and WHR were significantly decreased after nutrition counseling. Total-cholesterol, TG, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased but HDL-cholesterol did not show significant changes. Both scores of nutrition knowledge and the practice of dietary guidelines improved significantly (p < 0.001). This study shows that nutrition counseling helps to encourage healthy eating practices and to improve serum lipid profiles of adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia. Overall, results indicated that nutrition counseling resulted in positive changes to lower the reliance on medications. Therefore, nutrition counseling should be considered for the initial treatment of dyslipidemia.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to improve their quality of life through medical nutrition therapy. The subjects were 38 persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting a public health center to participate in a dietary education program from Jun, 2003 to Nov. 2003 in Daegu, Korea. The interviews were tape-recorded and analyzed attitude, knowledge, and awareness of patients by focus group interview. Most of the patients were mainly dependent on drug therapy and had little experience of diet education. Barriers to dietary practice adherences were limitations in food selection, lack of will and feel of burden. Barriers to follow guidelines were lack of self-control, confliction with food habits of their family, accessibility, economical problems, fear for the change after dietary practice, food difficulties in meal distribution and difficulties for eating out. After 4 weeks of intensive nutrition education, fasting blood sugar levels were decreased and postprandial and waist circumference were significantly decreased in all patients and 26.9% of patients were under decreased oral hypoglycemic agent dosage due to improved blood sugar level. dietary knowledge of subjects were greatly improved in such items as dietary intake, saturated fat, HbA1C, ideal body weight, and waist circumference.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2013

This study compared levels of health and dietary behavior practices and health beliefs according to the stage of weight loss behavior change of Korean male workers. A self-administered survey questionnaire was collected from 411 male adult workers residing in Seoul, Kyeonggi, Chungcheong region. Practices of health related behavior, including smoking, drinking, exercise, work related physical activity, and dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were evaluated. In addition, the levels of perceived benefit, perceived barrier, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived cue to action from the health belief model were measured according to the stages of weight loss behavior change. Significant differences in BMI, level of daily exercise, and practices of dietary behavior according to dietary guidelines were observed among stages of weight loss behavior change. Subjects who were in action/maintenance stage showed a more desirable level of health behavior and health belief model variables, except perceived barrier. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that subjects with different stages of behavior change need an appropriate specific nutrition education method and material for improvement of nutrition education efficacy.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine the use of such dietary supplementation practices, opinions, taking period for dietary supplement, and among elite Judoists varying in age and gender. Subjects were recruited from Korea National Team Judoists in elite athlete training centers (Taenuing in Seoul, Korea and surrounding area), a total of 223 elite Judoists (2003y n=34, 2005y n=41, 2006y n=101, 2007y n=30, 2008y n=17). Data were collected from personal interviews with Judoists who participated at the Olympic games, Asian game and World Championship game since 2003-2008. Elite Judoists representing mean age of 2003y (men: 23.5±2.7, women: 22.6±2.4), 2005y (men: 23.4±2.6, women: 22.5±2.3), 2006y (men: 20.3±3.2, women: 21.9±2.4), 2007y (men: 25.3±2.6, women: 22.5±2.8) and 2008y (men: 23.9±3.9) completed a validated questionnaire assessing dietary supplementation practices and opinions. Older Judoists were significantly more likely to report greater dietary supplementation usage; to be advised by oneself; health food store and pharmacy retailers; to decrease taking period days per week and past 6 month. Relative to gender, significant differences were observed for the types of dietary supplementation reported; supplementation practice trend; reasons for dietary supplementation use.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.685-694
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• 1998

This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the changes of plasma cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk factors in Korea. Overnight fasting plasma levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and glucose were analyzed. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were also measured. Health practice factors such as smoking status, alcohol consumption and frequency fo exercise were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. Questions regarding dietary habits and food preferences were also asked. Seventy eight percent of the subjects had more than one CVD risk factor. Plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased according to the subjects body mass index$(kg/m^2$, BMI), whereas HDL-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol and blood pressure showed no significant differences with BMI. Current smokers had significantly high plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. Alcohol consumption significantly increased plasma total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar, but regular exercise had no effects on the plasma CVD risk factors. Overeating and frequency of fast food consumption were positively correlated with the CVD risk score, whereas intake of grains, meats and vegetables were negatively correlated with that score. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of specific dietary factors on plasma lipid levels. For plasma total cholesterol level, the frequency of fast food intake explained 8% of the variance, followed by habitual overeating, frequency of grain intake and high cholesterol food intake(Model $R^2$=22.4%). For plasma triacylglycerol level, preference of oily foods accounted for 7.5% of the variance, followed by eating breakfast, preference of fruit and frequency of grain intake(Model $R^2$=22.0%). The findings suggest that intervention programs to reduce the risk of CVD should focus on health practice through reducing BMI, smoking cessation and moderate or no alcohol drinking. Moreover, desirable dietary habits such as eating breakfast, not overeating and reduced intake of fast food may improve CVD risk.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2016

Objectives: This study attempted to compare adolescents' dietary behaviors and perceptions by gender in order to recommend useful strategies for nutrition interventions. Methods: Subjects were 2,363 middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. They completed a self-administered questionnaire on their interest in diet and health, dietary perceptions, nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and dietary environment at home. Data were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$-test, and simple regression analysis by gender and by school groups Results: Overall, girls obtained higher scores than boys did for "interest" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), "dietary perceptions" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), and "knowledge" (MS: p<0.01; HS: p<0.001). Regarding "dietary practices," no gender differences were observed among MS students, however, among HS students, boys obtained higher scores-reflecting good practices-than girls did (p<0.01). In all subjects, dietary environment at home was strongly associated with dietary practice than other variables (MS boys: ${\beta}$=0.435, p<0.001; MS girls: ${\beta}$=0.492, p<0.001, HS boys: ${\beta}$=0.271, p<0.001; HS girls: ${\beta}$=0.429, p<0.001). Conclusions: We observed gender differences in some of the variables such as knowledge and perception among adolescent students. Educational programs and core strategies that consider these gender differences need to be developed. Specifically, for girls, educational programs should focus on facilitating dietary recommendation adherence, whereas for boys, the program could focus on improving dietary knowledge and perceptions.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2014

Korean style DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and a dietary education program for sodium reduction were developed. Reduced sodium diets (15 and 30% reductions) were developed from general diets for 3 consecutive weeks from Monday through Saturday. Subjects (19 total) were classified into two groups according to dietary education. Experimental period was from June 24 to July 23, 2012. Total sum of adaptation scores for low sodium diets significantly increased in the group that underwent dietary education compared to that without (p<0.05). After the experiment, both groups showed significantly increased values in terms of food group balance, sodium-related nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice by paired t-test. Especially, group that underwent dietary education showed significantly higher values for attitudes by ANCOVA pre-test as a variation (p<0.01). For the results of the nutrient intake survey, group that underwent dietary education showed significantly increased values for dietary fiber (p<0.01), vitamin A (p<0.001), vitamin K (p<0.001), vitamin C (p<0.01), Folic acid (p<0.001), vitamin B12 (p<0.01), calcium (p<0.01), iron (p<0.05), and zinc (p<0.05) and significantly decreased values for sodium (p<0.05) and chloride (p<0.005). Subjects adapted to reduced sodium diets showed apparent improvements in sodium-related knowledge, attitude, practice and intake of nutrient, and these improvements were even higher in the group that underwent dietary education compared to that without. Thus, adaptation to low sodium diet combined with dietary education can improve dietary habits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2013

혈액투석 식사요법을 실천하고 있는 말기 신부전 환자들을 대상으로 식사관련 삶의 질을 측정하고 식사관련 삶의 질과 식사요법 실천정도, 건강관련 삶의 질, 위장관 증상과의 관계를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 대상자들의 평균 연령은 53.0세, 남성의 비율이 58.4%, 운동을 하는 대상자는 55.4%, 흡연비율은 11.9%, 음주비율은 10.9%로 대체적으로 자기관리를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 대상자들의 66.3%가 영양교육 경험이 있었다. 합병증으로 당뇨가 38.6%, 고혈압이 32.7%이었고, 위장관 증상으로 대상자의 72.3%가 변비, 14.9%가 과민성 장 증후군인 것으로 나타났다. 2) 식사요법 실천정도는 55점 만점에 35.4점으로 나타났고, 식사요법 실천정도가 상승할수록 식사요법과 관련된 비용, 자기관리에 대한 만족감 영역의 삶의 질이 증가 (p < 0.05)하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 식사관련 삶의 질은 건강관련 삶의 질과 여러 항목들과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), 특히 만족감 영역, 정신적 영역에서의 관련성이 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 4) 변비가 있는 대상자의 식사관련 삶의 질은 변비가 없는 대상자에 비해 맛, 편의성, 식사에 대한 부담감 영역의 식사관련 삶의 질이 유의적으로 낮았고 (p < 0.05), 과민성 장 증후군이 있는 대상자의 맛, 식사에 대한 부담감 영역 (p < 0.05)의 식사관련 삶의 질이 유의적으로 낮았다. 5) 대상자들의 식사관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 변수들에 대한 다중회귀 분석 결과, 건강관련 삶의 질 (p < 0.05)과 변비 (p < 0.01)가 식사관련 삶의 질에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 식사요법을 실천중인 혈액투석 환자들은 식사요법 실천정도가 높았으나, 식사요법으로 인한 부담감이 크고 전반적인 건강영역의 삶의 질이 저하되어 있고, 더불어 위장관 증상에 따라 식사관련 삶의 질의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 영양교육 시에는 개개인의 식사관련 삶의 질, 식사요법 실천정도, 건강관련 삶의 질, 위장관 증상 등을 고려한 균형 있는 영양관리, 삶의 질 관리가 요구된다. 또한 식사 관련 삶의 질은 혈액투석 환자가 식사요법으로 인해 받는 사회적, 심리적 영향을 잘 반영할 수 있어 앞으로 영양교육이나 식사요법의 효과를 다각도로 평가하는데 있어서 좋은 도구로 사용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2006

To study the correlation between body composition values and practice of the Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life, a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted with 378 female college students living in four Korean cities in December 2005. Among the student subjects, 98 were analyzed for body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio(WHR), body mass index(BMI) and obesity degree using Inbody 3.0(Biospace Co, Seoul, Korea). Percent body fat was at a high level of 54.1 %, WHR was at a high level of 58.2% and BMI was at a high level of 41.8%. However, both weight and body fat were below normal at 79.5% and 77.6%, respectively. Percent body fat, WHR, and BMI were slightly negatively correlated with vegetable consumption, but slightly positively correlated with beer intake. WHR > 0.8 was significantly negatively correlated with exercise. Standard Guideline for Korean Dietary Life was practiced to and above normal level by 64.6% of the female college students. However, female college students who are within the normal range of body composition value should notice that obesity will relate to abdominal or visceral fat on their body.