• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.28-37
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine BMI, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio, soft lean mass, skeletal muscle mass, and fat free mass, and to determine the association between dietary behavior and exercise and body composition among students at women's colleges, and decide on the relationships among them. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional study design and a convenient sampling method. Ultimately, a total of 404 students participated in the study, which was conducted from September 1 to December 22, 2009. Measurements administered were comprised of dietary behavior and a questionnaire on exercise. The SPSS Win 18.0 statistics program was used for analysis of final data. Results: Major findings are as follows: 9.9% of participants showed a high BMI, and more than 56% and 38% of participants showed a high percent body fat and waist-hip ratio, respectively. Dietary behavior showed a significant negative association with percent body fat (r=-0.110, p=0.027) and waist-hip ratio (r=-0.118, p=0.018). Compared with the non-regular exercise group, the regular exercise group showed a high level of soft, lean mass (t=4.15, p<0.001), skeletal muscle mass (t=3.13, p=0.002), and fat free mass (t=4.00, p<0.001). Conclusion: For maintenance of proper body composition, health promotion programs for management of dietary behavior and regular exercise for students at women's colleges should be developed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.168-176
• /
• 2023

Background: Many insectivorous bats have flexible diets, and the difference in prey item consumption among species is one of the key mechanisms that allows for the avoidance of interspecies competition and promotes coexistence within a microhabitat. In Korea, of the 24 bat species that are known to be distributed, eight insectivorous bats use forest areas as both roosting and foraging sites. Here, we aimed to understand the resource partitioning and coexistence strategies between two bat species, Myotis ikonnikovi and Plecotus ognevi, cohabiting the Mt. Jumbong forests, by comparing the differences in dietary consumption based on habitat utilization. Results: Upon examining their dietary composition using the DNA meta-barcoding approach, we identified 403 prey items (amplicon sequence variants). A greater prey diversity including Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera, was detected from M. ikonnikovi, whereas most prey items identified from P. ognevi belonged to Lepidoptera. The diversity index of prey items was higher for M. ikonnikovi (H': 5.67, D: 0.995) than that for P. ognevi (H': 4.31, D: 0.985). Pianka's index value was 0.207, indicating little overlap in the dietary composition of these bat species. Our results suggest that M. ikonnikovi has a wider diet composition than P. ognevi. Conclusions: Based on the dietary analysis results, our results suggests the possibility of differences in foraging site preferences or microhabitat utilization between two bat species cohabiting the Mt. Jumbong. In addition, these differences may represent one of the important mechanism in reducing interspecific competition and enabling coexistence between the two bat species. We expected that our results will be valuable for understanding resource partitioning and the coexistence of bats inhabiting the Korean forests.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 1992

To determine the effect of dietary potassium and lysine levels on blood parameters, serum and bone composition, 360 male broiler chicks of 3 days of age were used in a completely randomized $3{\times}3$ factorial experiment for 6 weeks. Experimental diets contained three supplemented levels of dietary potassium (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2%) and three supplemented levels of dietary lysine (0.6, 1.2 and 2.4%). Dietary levels of potassium and lysine did not influence blood pH, $pCO_2$, $pO_2$, $HCO_3$ and total $CO_2$ and interaction between potassium and lysine was not shown (p > 0.05). Serum lysine and arginine contents were significantly different by the levels of dietary lysine (p < 0.05). Lysine-arginine antagonism was observed in high lysine diet. But increasing dietary potassium did not alleviated the lysine-arginine antagonism. Serum sodium, potassium and chloride were not affected by dietary potassium and lysine levels (p > 0.05). Femur weight, length and P contents were affected by the levels of dietary lysine (p < 0.01). But no difference was observed in femur ash and Ca contents (p > 0.05). Interaction between potassium and lysine was shown in ash and P contents (p < 0.01).

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 1995

For studying the effect of different dietary fats on carcinogenesis, fatty acid composition of membrane and lipid peroxidation were measured. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diet containing 15%(w/w) beef tallow or soybean oil. A single dose of 50 mg 2-AAF/kg B.W. was injected i.p. in each diet group 10 times. Rats were sacrifled after 1, 5, 10, and 15 weeks from the first injection. By 2-AAF injection, !ipid peroxidation increased slightly compared to control group. The rats fed on different fats had similar MDA production and those fed on soybean oil had slightly higher free radical concentration measured by ESR. In young rats, iipid peroxidation level was high and hydroxy radical production was higher in soybean oil group than in beef tallow group. With age, the lipid peroxidation values were decreased initially then increased. The fatty acid composition in microsomal membrane was reflected by dietary fatty acid composition. In soybean oil group, monoenoic acid was lower and polyunsaturated fatty acid was higher than beef tallow group. Linoleic acid contents showed the most discrepancy among groups. By 2-AAF treatment, iinoleic acid content and unsaturation index increased in soybean oil group. But in beef tallow group, there was no difference in fatty acid contents.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.908-919
• /
• 2023

Objective: Information about the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients is needed to accurately formulate animal diets. A study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of cassava-based feed ingredients and to test the hypothesis that there is variation in chemical composition among cassava products originating from different South-East Asian countries. Methods: Sources of dried peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, cassava meal, high-ash cassava meal, and cassava residue were used. All samples were analyzed for dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen, amino acids (AA), acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE), ash, minerals, total starch, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber. Samples of peeled and unpeeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal were also analyzed for sugars. Results: High-ash cassava meal had greater (p<0.05) dry matter and ash, but lower (p<0.05) total starch and gross energy than all other cassava products. Peeled cassava roots, unpeeled cassava roots, and cassava chips had greater (p<0.05) total starch than the other cassava-based ingredients. Cassava residue had greater (p<0.05) concentrations of lysine, insoluble dietary fiber, and soluble dietary fiber compared with the other cassava products, but tryptophan and glutamic acid were greater (p<0.05) in peeled cassava roots, cassava chips, and cassava meal samples compared with the other ingredients. Concentration of most minerals was greater (p<0.05) in high-ash cassava meal than in the other cassava products. Conclusion: Cassava-based ingredients sold as peeled roots, unpeeled roots, chips, or meal have chemical compositions that are not different from each other, and peeling has little impact on chemical composition. High-ash cassava meal has lower nutritional quality compared with other cassava products due to low starch and gross energy. The high fiber content in cassava residue makes this ingredient more suitable for ruminants and sows than for younger pigs or poultry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.72-72
• /
• 2003

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glucose, dextrin and starch on growth and body composition of juvenile starry flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight, 9.7 g) were fed iso-nitrogenous (53% CP) and iso-caloric (3.8 kcal/g diet) diets containing 20% glucose, 20% dextrin and 5-25% alpha-potato starch with 5-14% lipid levels. Survival was not affected by dietary carbohydrate. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the diet containing 20% glucose were the lowest among all groups. The best weight gain was observed in fish fed the diets containing 20% dextrin. Growth and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary -potato starch level. Lipid contents of whole body and liver were not affected by dietary glucose, dextrin and starch at the same level. However, the lipid contents tended to decrease with increasing dietary starch level and those of fish fed the diets containing 5% alpha-potato starch were significantly higher than those receiving 10-25% alpha-potato starch. Liver glycogen content and hepatosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary starch level. These results indicate that juvenile starry flounder are able to efficiently utilize dextrin and -potato starch compare to glucose in diets and that alpha-potato starch could be incorporated up to 25% in the diet for optimum growth by juvenile starry flounder.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.745-749
• /
• 2017

We investigated the effects of different dietary lipid levels (7% or 14%) and feeding frequency (1-4 meals per day) on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight, 11.7 g) were fed to visual satiety with sinking dry pellet diets for 8 weeks. Neither feeding frequency nor lipid level affected fish survival. Weight gain was affected by feeding frequency but not dietary lipid level. Weight gain significantly increased with increased feeding frequency. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were affected by feeding frequency, but not dietary lipid level. Daily feed intake was affected by feeding frequency and dietary lipid level. Whole body moisture, crude lipid and ash contents were affected by feeding frequency, but not dietary lipid level. Based on these results, we conclude that the appropriate feeding frequency for the optimum growth of fancy carp fingerlings is four meals per day using sinking dry pellet.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the kinds and the amounts of dietary fiber on serum lipid composition in rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 160$\pm$10g were fed diets containing 1.0%, 3.6%, 6.0% and 10.0% $\alpha$-cellulose, pectin and alginic acid fer 4 weeks. Daily food intake of experimental groups was significantly higher in the u-cellulose 10.0% group than in the other groups. Increasing the dietary fiber level decreased the food efficiency ratio of the $\alpha$-cellulose, pectin and alginic acid groups. Serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lower in the rats fed the alginic acid diet. Serum total cholesterol concentration showed no significant difference in the kind and the amount of three dietary fibers. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher in $\alpha$-cellulose and pectin diet. HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was higher in u-cellulose and pectin diet than alginic acid diet. In conclusion, alginic acid is good for the serum triglyceride decrease, pectin is good for HDL-cholesterol increase, $\alpha$-cellulose and alginic acid are good for HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio increase. But the different effects according to the dietary fiber's contents did not show a significant trend.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.184-191
• /
• 2004

A 25-week feeding trial of two dietary protein (47 and $52\%$) and three dietary lipid level (7, 12 and $17\%$) factorial design with three replications were conducted to determine effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of adult starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), average initial weight 332 g, during the winter season. Survival of fish was not affected by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio improved with dietary protein and lipid levels except for those of fish fed the $52\%$ protein diet with $17\%$ lipid. The best growth and feed utilization were observed in the $52\%$ protein diet with $12\%$ lipid, but were not significantly different from those of fish fed the $52\%$ protein diet with $17\%$ lipid or the $47\%$ protein diets with $17\%$ lipid levels. Hepatosomatic and visceral somatic indexes were significantly influenced by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid level. None of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, or glycogen contents of dorsal muscle or liver in starry flounder except for crude lipid in dorsal muscle was significantly influenced by either dietary protein or dietary lipid level. Plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly influenced by both dietary protein and dietary lipid levels. The results of this study suggest that the diets containing $47\%$ protein with $17\%$ lipid or $52\%$ protein with $12-17\%$ lipid are optimal for growth and feed utilization of adult starry flounder under these experimental conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.923-931
• /
• 1999

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of lysine on performance and carcass composition of broilers under heat stress during the grower period (3-6 weeks). A factorial arrangement of three levels of dietary protein (18, 20, and 22%), three levels of dietary lysine (1.26, 1.39, and 1.52%), and two rearing temperature regimens were used in this study. Birds were kept under either moderate temperature ($24{\pm}1^{\circ}C/24h$) or hot cycling temperature ($26-34^{\circ}C/6h$, $34{\pm}1^{\circ}C/12h$, and $34-26^{\circ}C/6h$). Body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FE), carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), and percentages of breast meat (BM), abdominal fat (AF), drumsticks (DS), and thighs (TH) were determined at the end of experiment. Exposure to high ambient temperature significantly (p<0.05) decreased BW, WG, FI, FE, CW, BM, AF, and increased CY, DS, and TH. High dietary protein significantly (p<0.05) decreased AF and TH, and improved CW only under moderate temperature, resulting in significant (p<0.05) protein by temperature interaction. High dietary lysine significantly (p<0.05) decreased BW, WG, FI, CW, CY and AF, while BM was reduced only when high dietary protein was fed, resulting in significant (p<0.05) protein by lysine interaction. It is concluded that increasing dietary lysine adversely affected broilers' performance and carcass composition irrespective of rearing temperature.