• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.753-757
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• 2015

Recently, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was shown to exert insulin-sensitizing and adiposity-reducing effects in high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice. In the present study, we observed that the effects were correlated with the extent of dysbiosis induced by HF diet feeding before LGG administration. LGG-treated mice were protected from HF diet-induced adiposity and/or insulin resistance when LGG was treated after, not along with, HF diet feeding. Results indicate that, under HF dietary condition, supplemented LGG reverses insulin resistance, but does not block its onset.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.833-842
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of dietary proteins and fats on the hepatic histological changes, membrane stability, and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities during chemically induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the diet containing 20% casein or soy protein isolate and 15% perilla or corn oil for 10 weeks. Hepatocarcinogensis was initiated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN), and the rats were fed diets containing 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene(AAF) followed by 0.05% phenobarbital (PB). The scores of histological changes were decreased in treated rats fed soy protein diet compared to those find casein diet. Liver weights were significantly increased by AAF and PB treatment in rats fed casein diets in both oil groups. Glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activities, an index of membrane stability, were significantly reduced by AAF and PB treatment in rats find casein diets, and were lower in casein diet compared to soy protein diet groups. Especially, the activities were the highest in the rats fed soy protein-perilla oil diet. Lipid peroxide values also were increased by AAF and PB treatment in rats fed casein diet. Aniline hydroxylase activities were not influenced by protein and fat sources. Glutathione-dependent enzyme activities were increased by AAF and PB treatment. Linoleic and arachidonic acid content were increased in rats fed corn oil diet, and linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acid contents were increased in rats fed perilla oil diet. Our results suggest that soy protein isolate inhibit the abnormal histological changes in liver, possibly by maintaining the membrane stability during chemically induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Soy protein may be protective against the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogen.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gene profiles that were up- or down-regulated in the livers of high-fat diet-induced obese mice and $db_-/db_-$ mice with deficient leptin receptor. C57/BL6 normal mice and $db_-/db_-$ mice, respectively, were divided into two groups and fed a standard or high-fat diet for four weeks. Liver weight was unchanged in the normal mice but the high-fat diet led to a 10% weight increase in the $db_-/db_-$mice. Adipose tissue mass increased by about 88% in the normal mice that were fed a high-fat diet and by about 17% in the $db_-/db_-$mice on the high-fat diet. In terms of serum lipids, total cholesterol significantly increased in mice on the high-fat diet. Microarray analysis was carried out using total RNA isolated from the livers of standard or high-fat diet-fed mice of the normal and $db_-/db_-$ strains. The change of gene expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. About 1.6% and 6.8% of total genes, respectively, showed different expression patterns in the normal mice fed the high-fat diet and $db_-/db_-$ mice. As a result of microarray, many genes involved in metabolism and signal pathways were shown to have different expression patterns. Expression of Mgst3 gene increased in the livers of normal and $db_-/db_-$ mice that were fed a high-fat diet. Wnt7b and Ptk9l were down-regulated in the livers of the normal mice and $db_-/db_-$ mice that were fed a high-fat diet. In conclusion, a high-fat diet induced obesity and affected gene expression involved in metabolism and signal pathway.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.472-476
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• 2011

Hypercholesterolemia indirectly increases the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis by enhancing the ability of platelets to aggregate. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is composed of fructooligosaccharides, proteins, minerals and phenolic compounds, and has potential benefits for the management of diabetes. This study investigated whether the consumption of yacon in the diet inhibits platelet aggregation under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed one of five dietary interventions: a normal control diet, 0.5% cholesterol diet, 0.5% cholesterol diet+a low dose of yacon (0.5 g/kg body weight given orally each day), 0.5% cholesterol diet+a high dose of yacon (2.5 g/kg body weight given orally each day), or a 0.5% cholesterol diet+lovastatin (2 mg/kg body weight given orally each day). After 8 weeks, blood was collected to measure the amount of collagen- and thrombin-induced platelets present. Yacon inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by low doses of agonists (0.5 ${\mu}g/mL$ collagen and 0.02 units/ml thrombin) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, yacon concentration-dependently inhibited collagen-induced arachidonic acid liberation. Moreover, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed a marked and selective inhibition of the platelet aggregation induced by collagen, again in a dose-dependent manner. These fractions, especially that of chloroform, significantly suppressed platelet aggregation. The results of this study demonstrate that when yacon is added to a cholesterol-enriched diet, cholesterol-induced platelet aggregation returns to control levels. This may also be beneficial in preventing atherosclerosis and reducing risk factors for coronary artery disease and stroke.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.202-210
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary purple sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas) powder on serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and pretective effect on hepatotoxicity rats induced by carbon tetrachlolide. Four groups of rats (3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(C), induced hepatotoxicity rats fed control diet(EC), normal rats fed purple sweet potato diet(P), and induced hepatotoxicity rats fed purple potato sweet diet(EP). Rats were induced by single injection of 50% carbon tetrachlolide(0.1 mL/100 g B.W., i.p.). The rats were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. After 5 weeks the rats were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver homogenates. But serum concentrations of lipid was not significant in all groups. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT/GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST/GOT) of the EC and EP groups were heigher than the C and P groups. The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the group fed purple potato diet(P) was lower than the other groups(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activities was not statistically different between the groups. Renal glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity of the EC and EP groups were lower than the C and P groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that purple sweet potato is believed to be possible protective effect on hepatotoxicity rats induced by carbon tetrachlolide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation renal lipid peroxidation in high fat diet and adriamycin (ADR) induced experimental nephrotic syndrome model rats. Treated rats were injected intraperitoneally with ADR (2mg/kgBW/wk) once a week for four weeks. control rats were injected with saline solution instead of ADR. The rats in each group were fed experimental diets of three levels of vitamin E for 10 weeks: Normal (501U/kg diet), high (5,000IU/kg diet), excess (7,500IU/kg diet). The high fat diet and ADR treatment was performed to induce the decrease of kidney functions. Serum total cholesterol was significantly decreased by the excess supplementation. But there was no effect of vitamin E supplementation on serum total lipid and triglyceride. Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances(TBARS) was significantly decreased at high and excess supplementation. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase ({TEX}$GP_{x}${/TEX}) and catalase activities (CAT) were measured as antioxidative enzymes. The renalglutathione reductase (GR) and catalase activities (CAT) were inclined to elevate by vitamin E supplementation. Thus the vitamin E supplementation was found to have an antioxicant effect. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation could alleviate the changes in renal lipid peroxidation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.410-421
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• 2009

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of Injinchunggan-tang (YJCGT) & Injinysaryung-san (YJSRS) on MCD-diet-induced NASH in A/J mice. Methods : A/J mice were divided into 4 groups: Normal group (normal diet without any treatment). Control group (MCD diet only), YJCGT group (MCD diet with YJCGT), and YJSRS group (MCD diet with YJSRS). After 5 weeks, body weight, liver weight, biochemical parameters for liver function test, histological changes, and real-time PCR were assessed. Results : Mice lost body weight with the MCD diet and the YJCGT and YJSRS groups lost less than the control group, though showed no statistical significance. Liver weights were decreased by the MCD diet, but not significantly. In the liver function test, all the values were increased with the MCD diet, though some did not show significance. Alp and ALT levels were significantly less increased by YJCGT compared to the normal (p<0.05). All values were decreased or increased compared to the control by treatment though showed no significance possibly due to insufficient sample numbers. In histological findings of the livers. MCD-diet induced severe fatty change and collagen accumulation in the livers, but this fatty change was reduced in the YJCGT and YJYRS groups and fibrogenesis was inhibited significantly with p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. In real-time PCR analysis, YJCGT and YJYRS showed inhibitory effect on liver fibrogenesis by reducing associated gene expressions caused by MCD diet. Conclusion : YJCGT and YJSRS are considered to be possible candidates for the treatment of patients with NASH and/or liver fibrosis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

We investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and resveratrol supplementation on immune cells changes induced by abdominal irradiation in rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) control diet, 2) control diet with irradiation 3) 30% high-protein diet with irradiation, 4) normal diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation, and 5) 30% high-protein diet with resveratrol supplementation and irradiation. We measured blood protein and albumin concentrations, lipid profiles, white blood cell (WBC) counts, proinflammatory cytokine production, and splenocyte proliferation in rats that had been treated with a 17.5 Gy dose of radiation 30 days prior. A high-protein diet affected plasma total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, which were increased by the radiation treatment. In addition, the lymphocyte percentage and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration were increased, and the neutrophil percentage was decreased in rats fed a high-protein diet. Resveratrol supplementation decreased the triglyceride (TG) level, but increased the IgM concentration and splenocyte proliferation. Proinflammatory cytokine production was lower in rats fed a high-protein diet supplemented with resveratrol than in rats fed a control diet. The results of the present study indicate that high-protein diets, with or without resveratrol supplementation, might assist with recovery from radiation-induced inflammation by modulating immune cell percentages and cytokine production.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.635-638
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• 2006

The effects of raw and processed small black soybean powders on dietary fiber content and gastrointestinal function in rats were investigated. The crude oil, protein, and ash contents of raw small black soybean powder were not significantly different from those of processed small black soybean powders. The germination process increased soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents significantly, as compared to raw small black soybean powder. The germinated small black soybean powder diet led to a significantly different food intake than the basal diet in both normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats. The body weight gains of the experimental groups, however, were not significantly different from that of the basal diet groups for both the normal and loperamide-induced rats. The gastrointestinal transit times and fecal weights for normal and loperamide-induced rats consuming the processed small black soybean powder diet were significantly different from those on a basal diet. These results suggest that the processes of cooking and germinating the small black soybean might contribute to acceleration of fecal excretion in both experimental normal and constipation model rats.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2022

Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) was first introduced as a member of Uncoupling protein family and a regulator of ROS formation; however, its role in adipose tissue is not fully understood. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Ucp2 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Diet-induced obesity is closely related to macrophage infiltration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages surround adipocytes and form a crown-like-structure (CLS). Some reports have suggested that CLS formation requires adipocyte apoptosis. After 12 weeks of HFD challenge, Ucp2 knockout (KO) mice maintained relatively lean phenotypes compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In eWAT, macrophage infiltration, CLS formation, and inflammatory cytokines were reduced in HFD KO mice compared to HFD WT mice. Surprisingly, we found that apoptotic signals were also reduced in the Ucp2 KO mice. Our study suggests that Ucp2 deficiency may prevent diet-induced obesity by regulating adipocyte apoptosis. However, Ucp2 deficiency did not affect the browning capacity of iWAT.