• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2000

This study was performed to assess diet quality in the postmenopausal women. The data of dietary intakes were obtained using food frequency questionnaires which were collected from 151 postmenopausal women in urban area. We evaluated nutrient intake and diet quality. Diet quality was assessed by NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio), FGIP(food group intake pattern), DDS(dietary diversity score), DVS(dietary variety score), FGS(food group score), DQI(diet quality index). Nutrient intakes of the subjects were close to Korean RDA. Nutrient composition of the diet(in percentage of total energy) was 64% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 19% protein, and 19% total fat, that was close to 65 : 15 : 20. NAR of most nutrients, except vitamin A, E, were higher than 0.75 and MAR was 0.88. NAR and MAR of the subjects in theis study were higher than those of the subjects of rural area in other studies. The subjects who consumed the five food groups were 60.9%. The mean of DDS was 4.5. The subjects who consumed more than 61 dish items during a month were 61.5%. The mean of DVS was 62.4 and it was significantly higher in the elder age group. 67.6% of the subjects were below FGS of 12. The mean of FGS was 10.6 and few subjects consumed serving numbers of each food groups which were recommended for Koreans. 55.0% of the subjects were DQI scores of 0, 1, and 2. The mean of DQI was 2.3 and few subjects followed the five dietary guidelines for Korean.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of caffeine on lipid concentrations in ovariectomized rats. Forty-four rats (75${\pm}$5 g) were randomly divided into ovariectomy(ovx) and sham groups, each of which were randomly divided into two subgroups that were fed the control diet or a caffeine-supplemented diet (0.03%/diet). The experimental groups were classified into 1) sham-control, 2) sham-caffeine, 3) ovx-control and 4) ovx-caffeine groups. All rats had been fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Triglyceride concentration and total cholesterol were measured in serum and liver. Serum HDL-cholesterol was measured. Serum LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index were calculated. Weight gain and food efficiency ratio were higher in ovx groups than in sham groups (p<0.05). Caffeine intake did not affect weight gain and food efficiency ratio. Mean food intake was significantly increased in ovx-caffeine group than other three groups. There were no significant differences in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index between the control diet group and caffeine diet group. In addition, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol level was unaffected by caffeine intake or ovariectomy. Therefore, we suggest that caffeine (0.03%/diet) intake may not have adverse effects on serum lipid level in ovariectomized rats.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2016

Limitation of a questionnaire survey which is widely used is time and money, limited numbers of participants, biased confidence interval and unreliable results. To overcome these, we performed tendency and network analysis of diet using big Data in Koreans. The keyword on diet were collected from the portal site Naver from January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2015 and collected data were analyzed by simple frequency analysis, N-gram analysis, keyword network analysis and seasonality analysis. The results showed that diet menu appeared most frequently by N-gram analysis, even though exercise had the highest frequency by simple frequency analysis. In addition, keyword network analysis were categorized into four groups: diet group, exercise group, commercial diet program company group and commercial diet food group. The analysis of seasonality showed that subjects' interests in diet had increased steadily since February, 2015, although subjects were most interested indiet in July, these results suggest that the best strategies for weight loss are based on diet menu and starting diet before July. As people are especially sensitive to diet trends, researches are needed about annual analysis of big data.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of cellulose and pectin on glucose and plasma lipid concentrations in healthy women. Eight female collage students were participated voluntarily. All subjects received a fiber-free control diet (CD), cellulose diet (CED), pectin diet (PTD) with each diet for a period of three days with a 4 day interval. The food intake of subjects were monitored every day and plasma level of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol were determined at last day. Blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured at fasting state and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minute after consuming each diet. Plasma glucose concentrations (AUC: Area Under the Curve) of pectin diet was $122.7{\pm}4.0mg/dl$ and that of cellulose diet was $147.6{\pm}8.4mg/d$, but they were significantly lower than in comparison with those of control diet ($197.1{\pm}11.6mg/dl$) (p<0.05) Plasma triglyceride concentrations of the CED ($-83.9{\pm}22.2mg/dl$) PTD ($-9.7{\pm}26.1mg/dl$) showed gradual decrease after each test diet feeding but not significantly different in each dietary fiber added diet (p<0.05). Plasma cholesterol concentrations of the CD was not significantly different in PTD, but PTD was significantly lower than the CED until 3 hours after consuming each test meal (p<0.05). In conclusion, in spite of total cholesterol was reduced only by pectin, glucose and triglyceride were lower than control diet in dietary fiber intake. But there were no significant differences each dietary fiber.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nutrition counseling and exercise could be beneficial to patients with acquired cardiac disease (ACD). Twenty-five ACD patients participated in this program, which was based on guidelines for serum lipid management. To measure the effects of the nutrition counseling and exercise education, outpatients with ACD were selected and randomly assigned to three groups which were a control group, a diet only group and a diet and exercise group. Nine diet only group patients and nine diet and exercise group patients received nutrition counseling or nutrition counseling and exercise education every other week. Patients who served as a non counseled control group did not receive any counseling during the same study period. Various markers of disease risk, including lifestyle, anthropometric indices, eating behaviors, and serum lipid levels were measured before and after the program. The program lasted up to 12 weeks, depending on the individuals involved. Database management and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 7.5 software. As a result, BMI and %IBW showed decreased trends in the diet only and the diet and exercise group. Food habit scores were significantly increased in the diet only group and the frequency of saturated fatty acid, dietary cholesterol, salty food and instant food intake were decreased in the diet only group. Comparisons of the daily nutrient intakes of the groups showed their total calorie, carbohydrate and protein intake had decreased significantly, and also the total fat and dietary cholesterol intake had decreased in the nutrition counseling group. The serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased after 12 weeks in the nutrition counseling group. The diet and exercise group showed less interest in diet control than the diet only group. These results show that a well-planned nutrition counseling program would reduce the risks of ACD and cardiovascular disease and help to care such diseases.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.496-529
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• 2002

The theory-the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius was an objective existance in Chinese dietary culture history, but it was ignored in the last two thousand years. In addition, some people misunderstood Confucius' and Mencius' thoughts and statements. This paper believes that the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius is Confucius' and Mencius' diet opinions, thoughts, theories and basic style in their diet experiences. Confucius' diet experience and Mencius' diet experience were alike, and Mencius' experience carried on Confuius' and theirs were the same in some sections. They all stay their diet standard to their stomach and don't persue good meal. They all thought resolving people's diet was important for a country and for the politic problems. Mencius succeeded Confucius' diet thoughts and put them to the theories-diet principle, diet standard, and diet morality. This paper deeply discusses theory, developing history condition and the affection and position in Chinese diet history of the doctrine of Confucius and Mencius.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1999

Perception and knowledge on the diet among 651 women living in Inchon were surveyed by questionnaires in March through May, 1998. Respondents consisted of middle school girls(12.3%), high school girls(16.4%), and women in twenties(16.4%), thirties(18.9%), forties(15.7%) and fifties and over(20.3%). Ratio of high school graduates was the highest(37.0%) among respondents, and there was a tendency of less education with ages. Seventy-six percent of women practised the diet for the self-satisfaction of a nice figure, 20% for healing diseases, and 3.4% for attracting boy friends' or husbands' attention. The purpose of the diet was significantly different with ages(p<0.01). The diet methods which the respondents perceived effective and wanted to practise were exercise and food therapy. Average score of the knowledge on the diet was 8.27 out of 10, and significantly different with ages and education(p<0.05). Twenties showed the highest score and high school girls, thirties, middle school girls, forties and fifties and over were followed in decreasing order. Also the score was in decreasing order of graduates of college, high, elementary and middle school.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.894-901
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of cell cultured Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) supplementation and swimming exercise on lipid profiles and carnitine concentrations in C57BL/6J mice fed high fat diets. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=50), aged 4 weeks, were divided into 5 groups based on exercise and/or ASE supplementation (0.5 g/kg of body weight): normal diet (N-C), high fat diet (H-C), high fat diet non-supplement & exercise (H-NSE), high fat diet supplement & no exercise (H-SNE), high fat diet supplement & exercis (H-SE). Liver nonesterified carnitine (NEC) was significantly higher in the H-SNE group than in the H-C group, and liver total carnitine (TCNE) levels were significantly higher in the H-SNE group than in the H-NSE and H-SE groups. Liver and muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) mRNA levels tended to be higher with ASE supplementation and/or exercise. These results suggest that supplementation with ASE and/or exercise might have a role in improving lipid oxidation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of onion, red onion, or quercetin on plasma antioxidant vitamin, lipid peroxidation, and leukocyte DNA damage in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. Forty SD male rats were assigned to normal control, high fat-cholesterol diet (HF), or HF+5% onion powder, HF+5% red onion powder, or HF+0.0l% quercetin. The HF diet resulted in significantly higher plasma lipid peroxidation which decreased with onion, red onion, or quercetin supplementation. Leukocyte DNA damage induced by HF diet decreased significantly in rats fed onion and red onion, while quercetin supplementation had no effect on preventing leukocyte DNA damage. $H_2O_2$ induced leukocyte DNA damage exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with plasma retinol and tocopherols. These results suggest that onion or red onion powder exerts a protective effect with regard to DNA damage in rats fed HF diet. However, 0.01% quercetin in pure form might not be effective at preventing DNA damage.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2008

Protective effects of cheonggukjang fermented with 20% red ginseng (RC) were observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring levels of blood glucose, serum lipid profiles, and hepatic reactive oxygen species generating and scavenging enzymc activities. RC diet was prepared by mixing with AIN-76 diet at the final concentration 2%, and it was fed to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 3 weeks. The RC dict was significantly improved body weight, feed efficiency ratio, levels of serum glucose, and serum and hepatic lipids in diabetes. The significantly elevated O type activity of xanthine oxidase in diabetes was also greatly decreased by the RC diet. The treatment of RC showed the improved hepatic glutathione s-transferase activities in the diabetic animals. The present study indicates that cheonggukjang fermented with red ginseng could ameliorate STZ-induccd diabetic symptoms such as aggravated blood glucose levels, serum lipid profiles, and even the conditions of oxidative stress.