• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-416
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The standard pattern of Brazilian food consumption is based on the combination of rice and beans served together in the main meals. This study assessed the effects of Brazilian-staple calorie-restricted (BS-diet) dietary advice, with brown rice and beans, on metabolic parameters, body composition, and food intake in overweight/obese subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twentyseven subjects were randomly assigned to a conventional-type calorie-restricted diet (CT-diet) (n = 13) or a BS-diet (n = 14). Glucose metabolism, lipid profile, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and food intake were measured before and after 16 weeks. Paired t-tests/Wilcoxon tests were used for comparison of differences from baseline and unpaired t-tests/Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparison of differences between the groups. RESULTS: After16 weeks, both groups showed reductions in weight and waist circumference (P < 0.02), and the BS-diet group showed a decrease in body fat (P = 0.0001), and significant improvement in glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose, glucose and insulin areas under the curve, Cederholm index, and HOMA2-$%{\beta}$) ($P{\leq}0.04$) and lipid profile (cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and cholesterol/HDL-c ratio) ($P{\leq}0.05$). In addition, the BS-diet group showed significant improvement in HOMA2-$%{\beta}$, compared to the CT-diet group (P = 0.03). The BS-diet group also showed a significant reduction in energy, lipids, carbohydrate, and cholesterol intake ($P{\leq}0.04$) and an increase in fiber intake ($P{\leq}0.001$), while the CT-diet group showed a significant reduction in intake of energy, macronutrients, PUFA, and cholesterol ($P{\leq}0.002$). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the benefits of the BS-diet on metabolic parameters in obese subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-71
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of an unbalanced diet by elementary school students using a qualitative approach to nutrition counseling. To achieve the purpose of this study, client-centered counseling was performed over one semester with four volunteer children in the fifth grade who admitted eating an unbalanced diet. Their perceptions of an unbalanced diet were examined while focusing on cause. The contents of the counseling sessions were recorded and their eating habits observed. The proposed perceptions of the clients of an unbalanced diet were as follows: regarding the causes of an unbalanced diet, there may have been a certain negative event or memory related to food as well as an individual disease or history of disease; regarding the meaning of an unbalanced diet, the clients had two kinds of time concepts (formal one and informal one) and defined the meaning of an unbalanced diet as a matter of being able to eat proper amounts of food within an inter-meal time; and regarding the results of an unbalanced diet, they based their results on the approval of their parents and teachers. Feeding at school was used as the background of this study, which examined the meanings and results of an unbalanced diet, and there existed a correlation between the meanings and the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.406-414
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to evaluate estimated and analyzed contents of sodium and potassium in the salt-restricted diet using "Food exchange sheet fro control of protein, sodium and potassium" for renal disease patients. Average food intake per day in the salt-restricted diet was 2, 241.2$\pm$68.4g, and water content of meals per day was 2, 082.7$\pm$144.3g including 297.7$\pm$91.1g of metabolic water from protein, fat and carbohydrate. Fried food showed higher weight change than that of the other kinds of food during cooking. Estimated and analyzed content of sodium were 656.4$\pm$273.2mg, 675.7$\pm$195.3mg, respectively ; those of potassium were 2, 198.3$\pm$37.3mg, 2, 142.3$\pm$162.4mg, respectively. Fried squid showed the lowest content of analyzed sodium and potassium compared with the estimated contents. The highest content of sodium was honeyed juice with apple, whereas the highest content of potassium was Mulkimchi. There was also no significant differences between analyzed and estimated content of sodium, as in case of potassium(p<0.05). Side dish and main dish made great contribution to sodium contents and the side dish and dessert were major source for potassium.potassium.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.201-216
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of college students in Seoul. Dietary survery data were obtained by 24-hour recall method from 774 students, 553 males and 191 females. Mean daily intake of energy was 2,480kcal with 56.4% of energy intake from carbohydrate, 14.6% from protein, and 25.5% from fat. Percentage of fat was higher than mean values of National Nutrition Survey(NNS), adults in rural area or younger students in previous studies. Mean daily intakes of calcium and vitamin A did not meet RDA levels in both sexes and intake of iron in females was insufficient to meet RDA level. The percentage of animal food to total food intake was 25% and consumption of meat, beverage and milk group was higher than those of National Nutrition Survey(NNS). When the consumption of 5 major food groups(grain, meat, milk, fruit, vegetable) were evaluated, 22% of students consumed all 5 groups and 47% consumed 4 groups, which show more balanced food group intake than adults in rural area. Food groups which were omitted frequently were milk and fruit. These results show that college students in Seoul consume better diet than subjects of National Nutrition Survey(NNS) or adults in rural area. However, high fat intake, low calcium and vitamin A intake and low iron level in women were observed. Majority(78%) of students had at least one food group omitted in their diet. Appropriate nutrition education may help to improve the quality of diet in these students.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2002

This study was designed to determine changes of nutritional status, diabetic indices and serum lipid composition in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients during intake of diabetic-oriented convenience food prepared from 7 medicinal plants and chicken. We conducted dietary, anthropometric and biochemical assessments before and after the intake of diabetic oriented food. Once a day, in the study, their normal lunch was replaced by the diabetic-oriented convenience food diet for 30 consecutive days. It was found that the nutrients of the diet were well-balanced, and the intake levels nearly approached those of the RDA. Obesity rate, body fat, and body weight were significantly lower than those of a normal diet. The average fasting blood glucose significantly decreased while the insulin level significantly increased after the intake of diabetic meal. Also the total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels significantly decreased. The above results indicate that diabetic-oriented convenience food prepared from 7 medicinal plants and chicken may be used as a diet regime fer controlling the diabetes mellitus on a regular basis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.211-223
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• 1986

In this experiment forty-eight Sprague Dawley male rats were chosen and used in order to measure the growth rates and to see the effects of lead acumulation in their organs resulting from variously controlled lead protein diet. Protein sources were casein and isolated soyprotein (ISP), and each source was divided into three groups : 7% low protein [LP], 20% standard protein (SP) and 40% high protein (HP) groups. The six experimental groups were given lead acetate(25 mg/kg B.W.) and six control groups were given sodium chloride by oral administration 6 times a week for weeks. The results from this experiment were summeraized as following ; 1) Food consumption, weight gain, organ weight and food efficiency ; Lead acetate administration with protein source had no effects on food consumption, weight gain and organ weight . By their different levels of protein, food consumption of LP group was less the that of SP and HP groups after 3 weeks, weight gain of LP group was less than that of SP and HO groups after 1 weeks. The organ weight in LP group was significantly lower than SP and HP groups except teeth and adrenal s. Effect of lead acetate administration on food efficiency have significantly lower in LP-ISP diet and HP -casein diet than other groups only first week. By their different levels LP group showed significantly lower than SP group until 3 weeks. 2) Hematopoietic effect ; The hematopoieteic effect was not influencec by lead acdtate administration and protein source. But the LP group showed a significantly lowe hematopoietic effect than the SP, HP, groups. 3) Accumulation of lead in the liver, kidney, teeth by protein source showed no significantly differences. Accumulation of lead in blood, heart of LP group, spleen of LP and HP groups. femur of SP and HP groups fed with casein diet groups were significantly higher than fed with ISP diet groups. By their different levels of group showed generally higher than SP and HP groups. But accumulation of lead in teeth of HP group was high also.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2013

This study examined the effectiveness of nutrition education and program using the diet rice bowl during a four-week diet program. Thirty-eight female college students were randomly assigned to a nutrition education (NE) group or a nutrition education and diet rice bowl (ND) group. The mean energy intake of the NE and ND group during the program was 1,130.8 kcal and 1,287.4 kcal, respectively. The total energy intake of both groups were significantly decreased during the program. In addition, the change of body weight and fat in both groups significantly decreased during the program. The NE group lost 2.8 kg of body weight and 1.4% of body fat, while the ND group lost 2.5 kg of body weight and 1.2% of body fat. The changes in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in both groups also significantly decreased during the program. However, there were no significant differences in the changes of body weight, body fat mass, the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol between the two groups. This study could not identify a weight reduction effect of the diet rice bowl, however, this may be due to subjects' infrequent use of the diet rice bowl by their frequent meal skipping and eating-out in our study. Therefore, further studies regarding the compliance to the diet rice bowl should be conducted to examine its effectiveness on weight control.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health problem of significant importance which increases mortality. In place of anti-obesity drugs, natural products are being developed as alternative therapeutic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of Brassica juncea L. leaf extract (BLE) on fat deposition and lipid profiles in high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFC)-induced obese rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group) according to diet: normal diet group (ND), high-fat/high-cholesterol diet group (HFC), HFC with 3% BLE diet group (HFC-A1), and HFC with 5% BLE diet group (HFC-A2). Each group was fed for 6 weeks. Rat body and adipose tissue weights, serum biochemical parameters, and tissue lipid contents were determined. The expression levels of mRNA and proteins involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: The HFC-A2 group showed significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency ratio than the HFC group. BLE supplementation caused mesenteric, epididymal, and total adipose tissue weights to decrease. The serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased in rats fed BLE. These results were related to lower glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression, and to higher expression of the cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase and low density lipoprotein-receptor, as well as increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$. Histological analysis of the liver revealed decreased lipid droplets in HFC rats treated with BLE. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of HFC with 3% or 5% BLE inhibited body fat accumulation, improved lipid profiles, and modulated lipogenesis- and cholesterol metabolism-related gene and protein expression.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.12-35
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• 2011

Objectives: The two criteria to clarify the toxicity of a herbal diet are well known. Although mechanical analysis of effective ingredients, a western approach, is widely used, the toxicity presence classification through the herbal analysis from a viewpoint of a theory of the herbal medicine properties has been disregarded. This study is for the safe use of a herbal diet through classification and study of toxicity presence in the herbal diet from the view of a theory of herbal medicine properties, one of the methods of Oriental Medicine. Methods: We classified and studied the toxicity presence in four kinds of herbal diets, waters and grains, animals groups, fruits and vegetables, and herbs and trees, excluding mineral natural drugs, of 1,400 kinds of medicines in 16 chapters of Tang-aec-pyeon, Dong-ui-bo-gam, for which the herbal analysis from a viewpoint of the theory of the herbal medicine properties has been used. The criteria of the toxicity presence in the herbal diet have been largely classified into the toxicant and the non-toxicant, and the toxicant is in turn classified into the insignificant, the medium and the significant. The category to clarify herbal diet has been limited to simultaneous utilization of food and natural drugs. The main text is Dong-ui-bo-gam, although diverse other references have also been used. Results: There are toxicant diets: a kind of tortoise meat of animals groups; five kinds of grains part in fruits and vegetables: aengdo, peach, oyat, small apple and gingko nut; and 12 kinds of vegetables part in fruits and vegetables: ginger, oriental cabbage, lettuce, chongbaek, onion, garlic, leek, fern, houttuynia cordata (myeol), pyeongji, geundae, and spinach, which should be prohibited from long-term use both as food and medicine. Conclusion: If herbal diet is used as health food supplements or food, the toxicity presence should be considered on the grounds of an Oriental Medicine theory of the herbal medicine properties.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.475-480
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effect of fucoxanthin. After rats were fed a normal fat diet (NF), high fat diet (HF), and high fat with 0.2% fucoxanthin diet (HF + Fxn) for 4 weeks, the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity like lipid peroxidation, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were determined. mRNA expression of transcription factor, nuclear erythroid factor like 2 (Nrf2), and its target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also determined. Mean weight gain in the HF + Fxn group was lower, without statistical significance, and the total food intake in the HF + Fxn group was lower than that in the HF group (P < 0.05). The activity of GSH-Px (P < 0.05) in plasma was significantly higher in the HF + Fxn group than those in the HF group (P < 0.05). In the liver, the activities of catalase (P < 0.05) and GSH-Px (P < 0.05) in the HF + Fxn group were significantly higher than those in the HF group. Plasma TAC level was significantly higher in the HF + Fxn group than that in the HF group (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation in plasma tended to be lower without statistical significance. Fucoxanthin supplements were shown to have higher mRNA expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 than those in the high fat diet only group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of fucoxanthin improved the antioxidant capacity, depleted by high fat diet, by activating the Nrf2 pathway and its downstream target gene NQO1. Therefore, supplementation of fucoxanthin, especially for those who consume high fat in their diet, may benefit from reduced risk of oxidative stress.