• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2022

본 연구는 유황 및 셀레니움을 급이하였을 때 굼벵이 체 성분의 변화를 관찰하기 위해 수행되었다. 일반 성분 중에서 단백질의 증가는 황 급이구에서 나타난 반면에, 지방산 증가는 셀레니움 및 황/셀레니움 급이구에서 보였다. 구조아미노산은 대조구에 비교하여 전반적으로 상승되는 경향성을 보였지만, 아미노산 중에서는 특이적으로 변화가 유발되는 것은 관찰되지 않았다. 유리아미노산은 셀레니움 및 황/셀레니움 급이구에서 증가되었다. 비필수아미노산 중 GABA, Pro가 황/셀레니움 급이구에서 증가되었다. 유리아미노산의 필수아미노산 중에서는 Met, Trp, Val이 셀레니움 및 황/셀레니움 그룹에서 증가되는 경향성을 보였다. 지방산은 황/셀레니움 급이구에서 monounsaturated fatty acid가 감소한 반면에, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids가 증가되는 경향성을 보였다. 특히, oleic acid가 전혀 검출되지 않은 반면에, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid가 증가되는 양상을 보였다. 황 및 셀레니움의 급이에 따른 체 성분 변화를 관찰해 본 결과, 황/셀레니움 급이구는 체 성분의 급격한 변화가 유발될 가능성이 있는 것으로 추정된다. 이와 같은 변화 적절하게 조절하여 기능성을 강화한 굼벵이를 제조하는 것이 가능한 것으로 제의된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1698-1710
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• 2022

Objective: Raw potato starch (RPS) is resistant to digestion, escapes absorption, and is metabolized by intestinal microflora in the large intestine and acts as their energy source. In this study, we compared the effect of different concentrations of RPS on the intestinal bacterial community of weaned piglets. Methods: Male weaned piglets (25-days-old, 7.03±0.49 kg) were either fed a corn/soybean-based control diet (CON, n = 6) or two treatment diets supplemented with 5% RPS (RPS5, n = 4) or 10% RPS (RPS10, n = 4) for 20 days and their fecal samples were collected. The day 0 and 20 samples were analyzed using a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, followed by total genomic DNA extraction, library construction, and high-throughput sequencing. After statistical analysis, five phyla and 45 genera accounting for over 0.5% of the reads in any of the three groups were further analyzed. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the day 20 fecal samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Results: Significant changes were not observed in the bacterial composition at the phylum level even after 20 d post feeding (dpf); however, the abundance of Intestinimonas and Barnesiella decreased in both RPS treatment groups compared to the CON group. Consumption of 5% RPS increased the abundance of Roseburia (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Clostridium (p<0.01) and Mediterraneibacter (p< 0.05). In contrast, consumption of 10% RPS increased the abundance of Olsenella (p<0.05) and decreased the abundance of Campylobacter (p<0.05), Kineothrix (p<0.05), Paraprevotella (p<0.05), and Vallitalea (p<0.05). Additionally, acetate (p<0.01), butyrate (p<0.05), valerate (p = 0.01), and total SCFAs (p = 0.01) were upregulated in the RPS5 treatment group Conclusion: Feeding 5% RPS altered bacterial community composition and promoted gut health in weaned piglets. Thus, resistant starch as a feed additive may prevent diarrhea in piglets during weaning.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2022

대사성 질환은 국내의 경우 유병률이 26%에 이르는 질환으로 복부비만, 고혈압, 공복혈당장애, 고중성지방, 낮은 HDL 콜레스테롤 5가지 상태 중 3가지를 동시에 가진 상태를 말한다. 본 논문은 농촌진흥청의 소비자패널 데이터와 건강보험공단의 진료 데이터를 연계하여 식품 소비 특성을 통해 대사성 질환자군과 대조군으로 나누는 분류 모델을 생성하고 차이를 비교하고자 한다. 기존의 국내외에서 연구된 많은 대사성 질환과 식품 소비 특성 관련 연구는 특정 식품군이나 특정 성분의 질환 상관성 연구이며, 본 논문은 일반 식사에서 포함하는 모든 식품군을 고려한 로지스틱 회귀를 이용한 분류 모델, 의사결정나무 기반 분류 모델, XGBoost를 활용한 분류 모델을 생성하였다. 세 가지 모델 중 정확도가 높은 모델은 XGBoost 분류 모델이지만, 정확도가 0.7 미만으로 높지 않았다. 향후 연구로 환자군의 식품 소비 관찰 기간을 5년 이상으로 확대하고 섭취한 식품을 영양적 특성으로 변환한 후 대사성 질환 분류 모델 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2019

Objective : Diabetic gastroparesis is a complication that is defined as delayed gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal symptoms and often occurs in long-standing diabetic patients. Bojungikgi-tang (BJT) is a traditional oriental herbal formula that has long been used for the treatment of digestive disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BJT on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic gastroparesis rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (250-270g) were divided into 13 groups including normal group, STZ-induced diabetic control group, BJT diet (7 various concentrations), and insulin-, glibenclamide-, metformin-treated group were used for the experiments for the comparison. Diabetic gastroparesis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. The water intake, food intake, body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. After 4 weeks the animals were sacrificed and gastrin, leptin, insulin, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, creatinine, albumin and lipid levels were evaluated. Results : Intraperitoneal injection of BJT for 4 weeks resulted in increased levels of gastrin in blood and decreased leptin and lactate concentration in STZ-induced diabetic gastroparesis rat model. BJT did not affect insulin, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels in STZ-induced diabetic gastroparesis rat model. Conclusion : These results indicated that BJT would have protect effect on diabetic gastroparesis through the improvement effect of gastric motility and fatigue syndrome in STZ-induced diabetic rats. This study shows that BJT might be effective for treatment of diabetes and its complications such as gastroparesis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different mixing ratios of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in diets on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and odor gas emissions of growing pigs. A total of four crossbred ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) barrows with average body weight (BW) of 41.2 ± 0.7 kg were randomly allotted four diets over four periods in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were as follows: Control (CON, basal diet), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L4S6, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 4:6 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L5S5, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 5:5 ratio), CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (L6S4, B. licheniformis and B. subtilis at a 6:4 ratio). Dietary probiotic supplementation showed higher crude protein (CP) digestibility values and lower Escherichia coli counts in fecal samples than the CON group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in NH₃ or H₂S emission until day 3. The positive effect of H₂S and NH₃ emissions was detected earlier with the L4S6 and L5S5 compared to the L6S4, which had a lower ratio of B. subtilis. Both the L4S6 and L5S5 probiotic complexes significantly decreased the fecal H₂S and NH₃ emission in days 4 and 6 (p < 0.05). On day 7, all probiotic complexes decreased (p < 0.05) H₂S and NH₃ emissions than the CON group. Our results agreed that the dietary supplementation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis complexes in growing pigs can significantly improve CP digestibility and reduce fecal E. coli counts, NH₃ and H₂S emissions. Notably, the higher mixing ratio of Bacillus subtilis in probiotic supplementation is more effective in reducing the odor of manure.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.558-571
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 우리나라 성인 중 AD를 앓고 있는 사람들의 식이 섭취량을 분석하여 이들의 식습관이 AD발병 위험과 관련이 있는지 분석하고자 하였다. 활용한 자료는 제7기 국민건강영양조사 (2016-2018년) 자료로서, 참가자 중 19-64세 성인 10,571명을 AD군 (n = 366)과 non-AD군 (n = 10,205)으로 나누어 영양소 섭취 현황과 식생활평가지수 점수를 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, AD군의 1일 총 에너지섭취량은 non-AD군보다 많았고, 단백질 에너지섭취비율, 섭취에너지 1,000 kcal 당 단백질, 인, 철, 칼륨 섭취량이 AD군이 non-AD군보다 유의미하게 낮았다. 식생활평가지수 총점을 비교했을 때에는, AD군의 총 채소류, 김치 및 장아찌류를 제외한 채소류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류 섭취점수가 non-AD군보다 낮았다. 연구대상자의 식생활평가지수와 AD 위험도와의 관계를 분석했을 때, AD 위험도는 총 채소류, 김치 및 장아찌류를 제외한 채소류, 고기·생선·달걀·콩류 섭취 점수가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 성인 AD환자들은 채소류와 단백질 식품 섭취가 낮았는데, 이들 식품군의 높은 섭취는 낮은 AD 위험과 관련이 있음을 확인한 바, 추후 성인 AD 관리 및 치료 시 채소류와 단백질 식품의 충분한 섭취에 대해 강조해야 할 것이다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.929-942
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, pork quality, pork flavor, and economic benefit in growing and finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 140 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) were assigned to five treatments considering sex and initial body weight (BW) in 4 replications with 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.05% or 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 12 weeks (phase I, 0 to 3; phase II, 3 to 6; phase III, 6 to 9; phase IV, 9 to 12). The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase. Four pigs from each treatment were selected and slaughtered for meat quality. Economic benefit was calculated considering the total feed intake and feed price. Pork flavor was analyzed through inosine monophosphate analysis. Results: The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved compared to the control when β-glucan or vitamin E was added. Supplementing 0.05% β-glucan significantly increased the lymphocyte concentration compared to the addition of 0.1% β-glucan and the content of vitamin E in the blood increased when 0.02% vitamin E was added. The treatment with 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E showed the most economic effect because it had the shortest days to market weight and the lowest total feed cost. The addition of β-glucan or vitamin E had a positive role in improving the flavor of pork when considering that the content of inosine monophosphate was increased. However, carcass traits and meat quality were not affected by β-glucan or vitamin E. Conclusion: The addition of 0.1% β-glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in growing and finishing pig diets showed great growth performance and economic effects by supplying vitamin E efficiently and by improving the health condition of pigs due to β-glucan.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2001

CART는 leptin에 의해 조절되는 포식인자이며 섭식과 운동 습성에 관계된 것으로 알려져 있다. 사람의 CART Leu34Phe 돌연변이는 비만의 표현형을 나타내었지만, 생쥐의 CART 돌연변이는 일반사료의 섭취 후 급격한 체중증가를 나타내지는 않았다 생체 내 신경세포에서 CART의 역할을 확인하기 위한 새로운 형질전환 모델을 확립하고자 분화하는 신경세포의 유전자 발현을 조절하는 NF-L promoter와 CART의 재조합 발현 벡터를 구축하였다. 형질전환 생쥐는 유전자 미세 주입법에 의하여 생산되었으며, PCR과 Southern blot의 방법으로 확인하였다. 이러한 형질전환 생쥐에서 CART의 과 발현을 수정 후 13.5일째 초기 배아와 생후 6주째 형질전환 생쥐의 뇌와 척수에서 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 섭식 관련 유전자들이 상호 연관된 섭식행동에서 CART의 역할을 연구하는데 모델 동물로써 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fructose(F) or sucrose(S) and guar gum intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were different in carbohydrate(25% of carbohydrate) and fiber(5% w/w) sources. The carbohydrate(CHO) sources of each group were comstarch(control group, 100% of CHO), fructose with cellulose(F), fructose with guar gum(FG), sucrose with cellulose(S), and sucrose with guar gum(SG). Each group was fed exterimental diet for 4 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight gain, adipose tissues weight and organs weight. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and measured plasma insulin concentration to examine carbohydrate metabolism. To evaluate lipid metabolism, we measured the lipid profile of plasma, liver and feces. Food intake and weight gain of FG or SG groups tended to be less than those of F or S groups. Perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of SG group were significantly lower than those of S group and those of FG group tended to be lower than those of F group. In OGTT, blood glucose values of F or S groups were significantly higher than those of C group, and FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups during the experimental time. The area under the curve(AUC) of C group was significantly highest among the groups, AUC and plasma insulin concentration of FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) of FG and SG groups were significantly lower than those of F and S groups, plasma and hepatic total lipid(TL) and total cholesterol(TC) of FG and SG groups tended to be lower than those of F and S groups. Fecal TL, TG and TC of FG or SG groups tended to be higher than those of F and S groups. In conclusion, intake of guar gum should improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in partial substitution of fructose or sucrose for cornstarch in GK rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.469-482
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 ob/ob 마우스를 이용한 비만유발 동물모델에서 단호박분말 투여가 체지방 감소에 효과적인지 확인하기 위하여 6주간 식이를 통해 10% 단호박분말을 투여하였다. 그 결과, 단호박분말과 열처리 단호박분말을 섭취한 ob/ob 마우스에서 식이섭취량이 증가하였음에도 불구하고 체중과 지방조직 무게가 감소되었음을 확인하였으며 비만에 의한 인슐린 저항성과 이상지질혈증을 예방할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 체중 감소 효능의 기전을 확인하기 위해 지방합성과 지방분해에 관여하는 인자들의 mRNA와 단백질 발현을 관찰한 결과, 단호박 분말과 열처리 단호박분말을 섭취한 ob/ob 마우스에서 지방합성 인자들의 활성이 감소되었고, 지방분해에 관련하는 효소의 활성이 증가되었음을 확인하였다 (Fig. 6). 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 통해 단호박분말 섭취는 비만이 유도된 ob/ob 마우스에서 지방조직의 지방분해 증가와 지방합성 감소를 통해 체중 감소 효능 및 비만에 의한 대사질환 발생을 예방할 수 있다고 제안한다.