• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.102-103
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feather digests on the growth of broiler chicks and taurine content in the broiler meat. In Experiment 1, a total of 40 broiler chickens(Ross) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments: control(T1), regular feather meal(FM) diet(R-FM, T2), NaOH treated FM diet(NaOH-FM,T3), HNO3 treated FM diet(HNO3-FM,T4). In Experiment 2, a total of 70 broiler chickens were assigned to 7 dietary treatments: T1~T4(same as those of Exp. 1), modified HNO3 treated FM diet(M-HNO3-FM,T5), hair meal diet(HM,T6) and 0.22% cystine supplemented diet(CYS,T7). Feather meals and hair meal were supplemented at the 5% in the diet. In Experiment 1 and 2, weight gain of chicks fed R-FM and NaOH-FM tended to be higher than those of the control and HNO3-FM. In Experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed CYS was highest followed by NaOH-FM, HM, M-HNO3-FM, HNO3-FM, control and R-FM. In Experiment 1, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of control. In Experiment 2, taurine content in breast muscle of chicks fed NaOH-FM and CYS tended to be higher than that of other groups. Taurine content in leg muscle was significantly different among treatments as NaOH-FM and R-FM being highest followed by M-HNO3-FM, CYS, control, HNO3-FM and BM. Taurine content in the liver(Exp. 1 and 2) and heart(Exp. 2) were not significantly affected by treatments. These results indicated that 5% NaOH-FM in the diet was effective in increasing taurine content in breast and leg muscle of broiler chicks.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.410-421
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• 2009

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of Injinchunggan-tang (YJCGT) & Injinysaryung-san (YJSRS) on MCD-diet-induced NASH in A/J mice. Methods : A/J mice were divided into 4 groups: Normal group (normal diet without any treatment). Control group (MCD diet only), YJCGT group (MCD diet with YJCGT), and YJSRS group (MCD diet with YJSRS). After 5 weeks, body weight, liver weight, biochemical parameters for liver function test, histological changes, and real-time PCR were assessed. Results : Mice lost body weight with the MCD diet and the YJCGT and YJSRS groups lost less than the control group, though showed no statistical significance. Liver weights were decreased by the MCD diet, but not significantly. In the liver function test, all the values were increased with the MCD diet, though some did not show significance. Alp and ALT levels were significantly less increased by YJCGT compared to the normal (p<0.05). All values were decreased or increased compared to the control by treatment though showed no significance possibly due to insufficient sample numbers. In histological findings of the livers. MCD-diet induced severe fatty change and collagen accumulation in the livers, but this fatty change was reduced in the YJCGT and YJYRS groups and fibrogenesis was inhibited significantly with p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. In real-time PCR analysis, YJCGT and YJYRS showed inhibitory effect on liver fibrogenesis by reducing associated gene expressions caused by MCD diet. Conclusion : YJCGT and YJSRS are considered to be possible candidates for the treatment of patients with NASH and/or liver fibrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1992

This study was divised to observe the effects of defatted(by petroleum ether) Korean ginseng on the cholesterol level of Sprague-Dowley Albino male rats by alternating the diet. 130 heads of weaned rats having 83$\pm$4g of body weight were fed with each stock diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng powder for 4 or 8 weeks, and after that fed with stock diet only for 8 or 4 weeks. Total cholesterol and free form cholesterol contents in serum, liver and aorta of them were determined, and compared with the each corresponding group which was fed with defatted ginseng control diet for 12 weeks. Total cholesterol and free form cholesterol contents in the serum were increased caused by the alternating diets which was fed on 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0% defatted ginseng diet for 4 and 8 weeks after being fed on stock diet for 8 and 4 weeks, conversely total cholesterol contents in the aorta were decreased by the same alternating diets. Free form cholesterol contents in the serum, liver and aorta of the group which was fed on 1.0% defatted ginseng diet 8 weeks after being fed on stock diet for 4 weeks were increased, but that of the group which was fed alternately on 3.0% defatted ginseng diet were decreased than the corresponding defatted ginseng control diet group.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1997

The ability of exercise and buckwheat diet to modify plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats has been studied. Diabetic rats were fed corn starch as a control diet or buckwheat as an experimental diet for 4 weeks. One group of rats were exercise-trained to swim for 60 min/day, 6 days a week. Plasma glucose levels of sedentary rats both on the control diet and on the buckwheat diet were significantly increased from 367.0$\pm$33.6 mg/dl to 545.0$\pm$38.7 mg/dl and from 380.3$\pm$18.9 mg/dl to 540.5$\pm$36.6 mg/dl, respectively. However, this large increase of plasma glucose was not seen in exercised rats on the buckwheat diet (from 345.0$\pm$25.6 mg/dl to 391.4$\pm$34.7 mg/dl). The total plasma cholesterol level was not affected by either diet or exercise. The HDL-cholesterol level tends to increase due to the buckwheat diet or an exercise, but not with a significant increase. Our results suggest that the buckwheat diet is beneficial in lowering the plasma glucose level only when diabetic rats ar exercised.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary caffeine supplementation(0.033%/diet) on the plasma and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats(body weight $200{\pm}10\;g$) were divided into two groups: the control group and the caffeine-supplemented group(0.033% caffeine-supplemented diet). All rats were fed an experimental diet, and deionized water was avaliable ad libitum for 6 weeks. Plasma lipid concentrations were measured with a commercial kit based on an enzymatic method, and liver lipid concentrations were measured using the Folch method. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, food intake or food efficiency ratio between the control and caffeine-supplemented group. The total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels as well as the AI(athrogenic index) were significantly higher in rats fed the caffeine diet(0.033%) than in those fed the control diet. There were no significant differences in the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels between the control and caffeine-supplemented groups. Therefore, it seems possible that caffeine(0.033 g/100 g diet) may increase the plasma lipid concentration level in growing rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

This study was undertaken to know the effect of fat diet (for eight weeks) on changes of inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$)] and blood coagulation system [platelet aggregation function (PAF), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)] in rats. Serum TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, biochemical markers, PAF, PT, aPTT, and body weight were measured and compared between the control (normal diet-rats) and the fat group (fat diet-rats). The weights in the fat group were higher than those of the control group. TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine levels were greater in the fat group compared with the control group. The degree of platelet aggregation was lower, whereas PT and aPTT levels were longer in the fat group than in the control group. These findings have shown that fat diet may cause inflammatory response, diabetes, liver and renal dysfunction, and disturbances of fibrinolysis and coagulation system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.849-856
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• 2009

In this study, dietary supplementations of Korean Meju, fermented soybean meal (F-SBM) by Aspergillus oryzae, and A. oryzae itself were evaluated on growth performance, feed utilization, immune responses and phosphorus availability in juvenile parrot fish, a marine aquaculture fish species. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 8% soybean meal (control diet), 4% Meju (50% soybean meal was replaced by Meju), 4% F-SBM (50% soybean meal was replaced by F-SBM), or 0.08% A. oryzae itself. One of the four experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences were found in growth performances and feed utilization. Red blood cell counts in the fish fed the A. oryzae diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet. The antioxidant activity in Meju diet was significantly higher than that of the control and A. oryzae diets. Fish fed Meju and F-SBM diets showed numerically higher antioxidant activity of serum compared to that of fish fed the control diet, even though it was not significant. Liver superoxide dismutase activity of fish fed the test diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients of protein of fish fed all the diets were not significantly different. Phosphorus absorption was numerically increased in fish fed F-SBM and A. oryzae diets compared to that of fish fed the control diet. This study indicates that the fermentation process of soybean meal does not impair growth performance and feed utilization in parrot fish. The fermentation process could enhance the availability of phosphorus in soybean meal and non-specific immune responses of parrot fish.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.93-94
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• 2004

The experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal and pyridoxine on the taurine content of egg yolk and performance of laying hens. Feeding trial was conducted with 900 31-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers for 4wks. The experiment consisted of six dietary treatments: control(basal diet), feather meal(FM) 3 % diet(FM 3 %), FM 3 % + pyridoxine supplemented diet(FM 3 % + Pyridox), FM 6 % diet, FM 6 % + pyridoxine supplemented diet(FM 6% + Pyridox), Synthetic taurine 0.25 % supplemented diet(Taurine). Egg production of birds fed FM 3% was highest and those of the FM diets were also higher than those of Taurine and the control. Egg weight of Taurine was significantly lower than those of FM 3 %, FM 6 % and the control but were not significantly different from those of FM 3 % + Pyridox or FM 6 % + Pyridox. Feed intake of the control was greater than those of FM 6 %, FM 6% + Pyridox or Taurine treatment but was not significantly different from those of FM 3 % and FM 3 % + Pyridox. Feed conversion of the control was significantly higher than other treatments in which that of FM 6 % was lowest. Broken and soft egg production of Taurine was highest while that of the control was lowest among treatments. Taurine content of egg yolk significantly increased by supplementation of taurine(64.7 %). FM 6 % + pyridoxine(57 %), FM 3% + pyridoxine (32.1%) and FM 6% (16.6 %). Sensory evaluation data of Taurine has shown the highest score in most of sensory attributes. It is concluded that taurine can be enriched in egg yolk by supplementation of 6 % FM diet and pyridoxine as well as 0.25 % synthetic taurine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1234-1240
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• 1999

The nutritive value of rumen contents and barley mixture (4:1 w/w; RCB) was evaluated and the effect of their feeding on growth performances in Najdi lambs was studied. A metabolism trial was conducted with 16 rams divided into four dietary groups. The diets were: a whole-mixed control diet and three diets where RCB was incorporated at the rates of 25, 50 and 100%, replacing an equal amount of control diet. The results showed that there was a depression (p<0.05) in DM digestibility for the 100% RCB diet in comparison with other diets. The digestibility of CP was higher(p<0.05) for the 25% RCB diet as compared to the control diet; there was a trend for a small (p>0.05) decrease in digestibility as level of RCB increased. Lambs in all studied diets were in positive nitrogen balance; the differences between diets were not significant. A total of 45 lambs were allotted into three groups and used to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of RCB (0, 25 and 50%) on growth performance and carcass traits. Daily DM intake, final body weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage were not different among treatments. Average weight gain and ether extract (EE) in 9-11th control joint were higher (p<0.05) in lambs fed control diet than those fed RCB diets. The substitution of RCB for 50% of control diet exhibited 11.8% reduction in feeding cost for each kg of body weight gain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.384-391
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate effects of lobster shrimp chitosan on serum and liver lipid levels in rats fed high fat and cholesterol diets. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 4-weeks old, weighing 70$\pm$5g, were fed experimental diets for 3 weeks: basal diet+5% cellulose(group 1), high lipid diet+5% cellulose(group 2, control group), high lipid diet+5% balloon flower root(group 3), high lipid diet+5% cellulose(group 4, high lipid diet+5% lobster shrimp chitosan(group 5). Concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, phospholipid in serum and liver were determined. The results obtained were as followes: Serum total cholesterol concentration were significantly reduced in all supplemented group compared with control. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were higher in groups 1, 4, and 5 and the ratios of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol concentration were higher in groups 1, 4, while the atherogenic-indices were lower in groups 1, and 4 than control. Concentrations of LDL, LDL-cholesterol and free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester were significantly lower in all supplemented groups than the control group. Concentrations of phospholipid and triglyceride were lower in groups 3, 4, 5, while activities of GPT and GOT were significantly lower in groups 4, 5 than the other group. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were high in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Liver contents of total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester were lower in the groups 1, 3, 4, and 5 than in the control group, especially lower in groups 1, and 5. Liver triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations were significantly lower in the groups 1, and 5 than in the other groups. The results from the data suggested that the experimental diet containing 5% lobster shrimp chitosan was effective to reduce the serum and liver lipids.