• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.380-386
• /
• 1994

The behavior of glycogen and histological changes of hepatic tissues in the liver of rats, aged 6 to 7 weeks, fed 18% casein diet under control, gramoxone and gramoxone + vitamin C(Vt. C) diets has been investigated in a comined histropathological and histochemical studies. Cloudy swelling and fat changes of hepatic cells were observed in the gramoxone group with the duration of feeding time. Fat changes of hepatic cells were observed more obviously than cloudy welling, especially in the hepatic cells of periportal area. The number of Kupffer's cells increased signifciantly in the gramoxone group fed for 4weeks. The cloudy swelling and fat changes decreased obviously in the gramxone + Vt. C group. Glycogen content of heaptic cells tended to increase slightly in the gramoxone group as compared with the control group . moreover, glycogen depositons were higher in the hepatic cells where fat changes were obvious. It seems to be that Vt.C alleviating effects on the gramoxone toxicity in the patterns of glycogen distribution and histological structure of heaptic tissues.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.381-395
• /
• 2007

For the purposes of participation in research projects, living in a laboratory has become popular among male university students who tend to have less opportunity for nutrition education and overestimate their own health, suggesting possibilities of many undesirable practices of lifestyle and dietary habits. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate and compare health-related lifestyle practices, dietary habits, nutrition knowledge, food preference and dietary behaviors of the male university students according to residence type. The subjects were 260 (34, 15, 44, and 167, respectively for lab-living, self-boarding, dormitory and commuting) male engineering majors in the Gyeonggi area. Self-administered questionnaires consisted of general characteristics, health-related lifestyle practices, dietary habits, fast food consumption, nutrition knowledge, preference for foods and tastes, and self-examination of dietary behaviors. Lab-living subjects showed many undesirable practices, particularly with more smokers (p < 0.05), irregular eating (p < 0.01), overeating (p < 0.05) and skipping breakfast (p < 0.01), compared to the dormitory students and more time in computer/TV usage (p < 0.05), overeating (p < 0.05), more frequent use of fast-food (p < 0.05), less nutrition knowledge (p < 0.01) and less intake of milk/dairy products (p < 0.01) and fruits (p < 0.01), compared to commuting subjects. More smokers (p < 0.05) and irregular (p < 0.01) and unrelaxed meal times (p < 0.05), compared to the dormitory group, and less intake of fruits (p < 0.01) and dietary fiber (p < 0.01), compared to the commuting group were shown as undesirable practices of the self-boarding group. Therefore, continuous effort should be made to correct undesirable health- and diet-related practices found in this study in order to improve nutritional status as well as general health by developing a nutrition education program and contents of lectures focusing on more specific problems according to each subgroup such as lab-living and self-boarding male university students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2010

Prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing significantly worldwide due to energy imbalance perhaps stemming from undesirable dietary behavior and physical activity level. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of physical activity level on nutritional status in elementary school students. The subjects were comprised of 287 elementary school students between 4th and 6th grades in Seoul, Korea. The level of physical activity was scored with a modified Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire and was categorized as active, moderately active, and sedentary. Dietary intakes were obtained using a 24-hour food recall method. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test for global significant differences of nutrient intakes by physical activity level. Boys were more active than girls. Daily intakes of energy in moderately active boys were significantly higher than in the sedentary group, but intakes of calcium and iron in moderately active boys were lower than active boys. For girls, physical activity level did not affect nutrient density at all. Intakes of calcium, vitamin C, and folate for both boys and girls were below 50% of recommended intake. Physical activity did not affect nutrient density and our participants were exposed to nutritional imbalance. Therefore, the results suggest that nutrition education regarding balanced diet and optimum physical activity is required for children's health and growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.903-909
• /
• 2003

For the last two decades, energy utilization of growing chicks has been studied more and more. This paper focuses on the energy utilization estimated by the metabolizable energy (ME) values and the efficiency at which ME is used for growth of chicks under various nutritional environment. Degree of saturation of dietary fats is responsible for nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of fats. The effect of dietary fat sources on heat production depends on the kind of unsaturated fatty acids as well as the degree of saturation. Medium chain triglyceride shows lower AME and net energy than long chain triglyceride. Phytase as feed additives increases the AME values of the diet along with improvement of the phosphorous utilization. Ostriches have higher ability to metabolize the energy of fiber-rich foodstuffs than fowls. Their higher ability seems to be associated with fermentation of fiber in the hindgut. Proportions of macronutrients in the diets have influenced not only the gain of body protein and energy but also the oxidative phosphorylation of the chicken liver. Essential amino acids deficiency reduces ME/GE (energy metabolizability) little, if any. Growing chicks respond to a deficiency of single essential amino acids with the reduction of energy retained as protein and increased energy retained as fat. Thus, energy retention is proportional to ME intake despite deficiency, and efficiency of ME utilization is not affected by deficiency of amino acids. Effect of oral administration of clenbuterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, on the utilization of ME varies with the dose of the agents. Although the heat production related to eating behavior has been estimated less than 5% of ME, tube-feeding diets decreases HI by about 30%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2014

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable self-management instrument for pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 143 patients with CKD recruited from a medical center completed the questionnaire. The dimension and items of self-management were composed by literature review. The items of self-management was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and measures of reliability. Five factors were extracted and labelled adherence to treatment regimen and partnership, diet adherence, problem solving, health behavior, and pursuit of psycho-social health. The five factors accounted for 51.1% of total variance. Each factors showed acceptable internal reliability with Cronbach's alpha from 0.64-0.79. The developed self-management instrument can be useful in self control of their disease for patients with CKD, and both evaluating patients' self-management and developing intervention program for health care professionals.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the mother's interest in weight control and its association with the preschooler's obesity and weight related concerns. This was a cross-sectional study based on 470 parents' self-reports. To score interests in weight control, mothers rated each of 6 items on a five-point Likert scale ranging from disagree (1) to agree (5). The perceptions of mothers' weights and their children's weights, mothers' Body Mass Index (BMI), preschoolers' Weight-Length Index (WLI) (%), and weight-related concerns were determined. The mothers' BMI was significantly correlated with interest scores of weight control in mothers (r=0.632, p<0.001) while their children's obesity was weakly correlated with the mothers' interest scores (r=0.133, p=0.025). Mothers with a high interest of weight control reported higher percentages of family history of obesity than mothers with lower interests (63.2% vs. 36.8%, p<0.001). Two-thirds of the mothers (65.4%) were accurate in their perceptions about their weights. Similarly, 63.7% of mothers knew exactly their children's weight-statuses. Compared with mothers with low interest in weight controls, mothers with high interest in weight control had lower correct-perceptions about their weights (p<0.05) but higher correct-perceptions about their children's weights. More than two-thirds of mothers (85%) reported not worrying about their children's obesity in the future. Only 14.3% of the mothers were satisfied with their current weight statuses. Three-fourths of mothers preferred exercise as an effective weight-control method for their children, 20% preferred diet therapy and 5.5% preferred behavior modification. More girls were overweight / obese, than boys (overweight: 16.1% (girl) vs. 12.8% (boy), obese: 5.4% (girl) vs. 4.5% (boy)). About 40% of overweight girls' mothers had low interests in their weight controls with low correct-perceptions in their children's weights, which suggests possible elevated risk of obesity, especially in girls, in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2000

The study examined BMIs, physical strength, activities, and the attitudes and behavior toward weight control among 7,968 Korean students{2,435 5th graders from elementary schools(ESs), 2,524 2nd graders from middle schools(MSs), 2,739 2nd graders from high schools(HSs)} nationwide. Compared to the 1987 data, there were increases of height(3-6cm) and weight(3-8kg), but decreases of physical strength and exercise. Lack of 'regular exercise' among girls from MSs and HSs and higher proportion of time spent on watching TV and using a computer for elementary schoolers were particularly noticeable. Proportions of students who were satisfied with their body weight were 49% for ESs, 35% for MSs, and 29% for HSs. There was no relationship between subjective and objective evaluations of body weight. Diet rather than exercise was more frequently chosen as a method of weight control. Compared to boys, girls showed stronger association between the amount of exercise and the subjective body weight in MSs and HSs, however this association was not found for the subjects from HSs. Values for the 50th percentile of BMI of boys and girls were 18.4 and 17.7 for ESs, 19.9 and 20.1for MSs, and 21.4 and 20.6 for HSs. In MSs and HSs, boys with BMI between 15th to 85th percentiles were physically stronger than those whose BMIs were lower than 15th kor higher than 85th percentiles. For the other groups, there was a trend of a positive relationship between BMI and physical strength. Based on the analyses of BMI and physical strength, this study suggests 22 and 21 for upper grades in ESs, 24 and 23 for MSs, and 27 and 25 for HSs as the respective cut off points of BMI for weight control n boys and girls. A need for implementing nutrition education program focused on weight control is also suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.786-800
• /
• 1998

The purposes of this study were to describe systemically 18 years of oncology nursing research in Korea and suggest it's direction in future. 149 nursing studies published from 1980 to 1998 were selected for the present study. There were examined the source and the design of study, type of subjects, measurement variables, the intervention outcome of experimental research, and theme of qualitative research. The results were as follows : 1. 121 of 149 studies were composed of master thesis and dissertation of graduate school. There were 55 correlations, 30 descriptions, 19 comparisons, 19 qualitative studies and 2 Q-methods as the type of research design. 2. Cancer patients without describing specified diagnosis as subjects' characteristic were 44 of total studies. The others had various diagnoses such as gastric cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. According to treatment type, patients receiving chemotherapy were the highest number distribution as 53 of all researches. 3. Most measurement instruments used for research were translated it into Korean that developed by foreigners, such as Zung's depression, Spielberg's anxiety, and Wallston's locus of control. 4. Quality of life was shown the most frequently among correlational researches. the next one was depression, the third was hope, and so on. 5. There was the most frequent comparison between cancer and non-cancer patients in comparative researches. It was surveyed those variables as diet habits, risk factors, stressful life events, anxiety and depression, and self-care capacity between two groups. 6. The subjects were mostly chemotherapy patients as 15 of 24 experimental studies. Oral care and education were respectively the highest experimental interventions. 7. Qualitative researches about cancer were reported since 1991. Their themes were illness experience, adaptation process, dying experience, family experience, hope, caring, experience of health behavior, meaning of chemotherapy and experience of cancer survivor. Phenomenologic methodology was designed above 50% of qualitative researches. According to the above findings, cancer research had increased since 1990 and done mostly by descriptive design but a few experimental studies. As recommendations for the future, It is necessary to study the comparison of oncology nursing research internationally, the replication to establish the effect of nursing intervention, and the family care of cancer patient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.489-494
• /
• 2015

Background: Once limited with face-to face courses, health education has now moved into the web environment after new developments in information technology This study was carried out in order to give training to the university academic and administrative female staff who have difficulty in attending health education planned for specific times and places. The web-supported training focuses on healthy diet, the importance of physical activity, damage of smoking and stress management. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Sakarya University between the years 2012-2013 as a descriptive and quasi experimental study. The sample consisted of 30 participants who agreed to take part in the survey, filled in the forms and completed the whole training. The data were collected via a "Personel Information Form", "Health Promotion Life-Style Profile (HPLSP)", and "Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the total points from "Health Promotion Life-Style Profile" and the total points from the sub-scale after and before the training (t=3.63, p=0.001). When the points from the multiple choice questionnaire after and before training were compared, it was seen that the average points were higher after the training (t=8.57, p<0.001). Conclusions: It was found that web-supported health training has a positive effect on the healthy living behaviour of female staff working at a Turkish university and on their knowledge of health promotion.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of the this study was to evaluate lifestyle intervention program for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: Subjects of this study were 700 adults with metabolic syndrome who took health examinations in health promotion centers of Korea Association of Health Promotion between May 1 and June 30, 2006. Subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a comparison group. Participants in the experimental group received intensive 3-month lifestyle modification intervention and participants in the comparison group received minimal information on lifestyle modification. Pre test and Post test were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program. Results: After the intensive intervention on lifestyle modification(healthy diet, physical activity, moderate drinking, stress management, and smoking cessation), the levels of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides were significantly reduced for those in experimental group(P<0.001). For those in comparison group, the levels of blood pressure(P<0.001), waist circumference(P<0.001), and triglycerides(P<0.01) were significantly reduced after the intervention. No change in the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in both groups. After 3-month intervention, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was reduced to 35.7% in experimental group and 48.5% in comparison group. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the efficacy of therapeutic lifestyle intervention for the management of metabolic syndrome.