• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

We performed this study to examine lifestyle patterns and dietary behavior based on the level of Internet addiction of Korean adolescents. Data were collected from 853 Korean junior high school students. The level of Internet addiction was determined based on the Korean Internet addiction self-scale short form for youth, and students were classified as high-risk Internet users, potential-risk Internet users, and no risk Internet users. The associations between the students' levels of Internet addiction and lifestyle patterns and dietary behavior were analyzed using a chi-square test. Irregular bedtimes and the use of alcohol and tobacco were higher in high-risk Internet users than no risk Internet users. Moreover, in high-risk Internet users, irregular dietary behavior due to the loss of appetite, a high frequency of skipping meals, and snacking might cause imbalances in nutritional intake. Diet quality in high-risk Internet users was also worse than in potential-risk Internet users and no risk Internet users. We demonstrated in this study that high-risk Internet users have inappropriate dietary behavior and poor diet quality, which could result in stunted growth and development. Therefore, nutrition education targeting high-risk Internet users should be conducted to ensure proper growth and development.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.366-372
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• 2013

The application of polyphenols has attracted great interest in the field of functional foods and nutraceuticals due to their potential health benefits in humans. However, the effectiveness of polyphenols depends on their bioactivity and bioavailability. In the present study, the bioactive component from green tea extract (GTE) was administrated orally (50 mg/kg body weight/day) as free or in a microencapsulated form with maltodextrin in rats fed a high fructose diet. High fructose diet induced features of metabolic syndrome including hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, increased serum total cholesterol, and retroperitoneal obesity. In addition, myocardial fibrosis was increased. In rats receiving high fructose diet, the lowering of blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and uric acid, as well as the reduction in final body weight and retroperitoneal fat weight associated with the administration of GTE, led to a reversal of the features of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). In particular, the administration of microencapsulated GTE decreased myocardial fibrosis and increased liver catalase activity consistent with a further alleviation of serum NEFA, and hyperuricemia compared to administration of GTE. Taken together, our results suggest that microencapsulation of the bioactive components of GTE might have a protective effect on cardiovasucular system by attenuating the adverse features of myocardial fibrosis, decreasing uric acid levels and increasing hepatic catalase activity effectively by protecting their bioactivities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 2012

Assessment regarding the nutritional status of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is important because their nutritional status influences the outcome of disease. The purpose of this study investigated the dietary habits, dietary quality, and quality of life for Korean PD patients according to their nutritional status. Seventy PD patients were recruited from K University Hospital (KMC IRB#0918-07) from February 2010 to October 2011. To diagnose PD, the United Kingdom Parkinson's Society Brain Bank standards were used by a neurology physician. The participants were interviewed and assessed using various tools, including a general questionnaire, anthropometrics, questionnaires for dietary habits, dietary diversity score (DVS), dietary variety score (DVS), diet quality index-international (DQI-I), beck depression inventory (BDI), the Korean version of mini mental state examination (K-MMSE), and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). The results of the study were as follows: 1) Most of the PD patients (69.0%) were at risk of malnutrition, and 8.5% and 22.5% of the subjects were malnourished and well-nourished, respectively. 2) Clinical symptoms (swallowing and chewing difficulties) were obvious, and the quality of diet (DDS, DVS, DQI-I) was low in the malnourished group (p < 0.01). 3) The malnourished group had significantly lower scores regarding SF-36 (quality of life) as well as that of cognitive function (p < 0.05). 4) The nutritional status of PD patients was significantly correlated with their depression (p < 0.05) and quality of life (p < 0.01). These results indicate that appropriate nutritional management will improve the nutritional status and quality of life as well as the cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among zinc status, protein and phytate intake, and diabetic control indices of type 2 diabetic women. The mean age and the duration of diabetes were respectively 57.9±6.9 years old and 8.0±6.5 years. The mean daily energy intake of diabetic subjects was 1562 kcal. Both the zinc intake (6.2mg/day) and the zinc %RI (% of The Recommended Intake for zinc: 79.5%) of the diabetic participants were significantly lower than those of the control group (respectively p<0.01). As for the diabetic group, the higher the energy intake (kcal/day), the higher were the zinc intake (p<0.001) and %RI for zinc (p<0.001). Zinc intake was positively correlated with the protein (p<0.001), animal protein (p<0.001), and fat intake (p<0.001), but negatively correlated with the carbohydrate intake (p<0.001). Foods with high amount of phytate were the major source of zinc (p<0.01), but did not contribute to high zinc densities. The urinary zinc excretion was twice as high as in the diabetic group compared to the control group (p<0.001). In addition, the urinary zinc loss was positively correlated with the duration of diabetes (p<0.05), hyperglycemia (p<0.001) and insulin resistance (p<0.05). %RI for zinc was negatively correlated with the HbA1C (p<0.05). These results lead us to conclude that the appropriate intake of energy controlled by diet therapy could improve the total zinc intake and %RI for zinc in diabetic women. Also, normal blood glucose level controlled by diet therapy could improve the hyperzincuria. Dietetic practitioners should encourage consumption patterns that provide zinc-rich foods in the form of animal protein to improve the bioavailability as well as the total daily intake of zinc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

Effects of Sardine Oil Feeding and Vitamin E Supplementation on Histopathological Changes and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 80~90 g were fed the diet containing either 15% corn oil (CO) or sardine oil (SO) with or without vitamin E supplements (dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol acetate 800 IU/kg diet) for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the rats were given a single intraperitoneal injectin of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg BW). From the fifth week, rats were given 0.02% acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in diet for 4 weeks. At the seventh week, 0.05% phenobarbital in liver and hepatic glutathione S-transferase palcental form positive (GST-P+) foci were examined by Hematoxylin& Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity was determined. The livers fromt he carcinogen treated rats showed significantly increased formation of GST-P+ foci at sacrifice points while the livers fromthe non-carcinogen treated groups showed almost no foci. Although GST-P+ foci formation was not affected by dietary oil, it was increased unexpectedly by vitamin E supplementation. Histopathological changes were similar to patterns of GST-P+ foci formation in almost all groups. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were increased by carcinogen treatment in all dietary groups. $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were positively correlated with GST-P+ foci formation. There results suggest that excessive vitamin E supplementation can enhance hepatocarcinogenesis although the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1804-1808
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• 2003

A layer experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementary methionine chelates (Cu, Zn and Mn), individual or in combination, on laying performance, eggshell quality, gizzard erosion, and IgG level of serum for 8 weeks. Five hundred 96-wk-old force molted ISA Brown layers were assigned to five dietary treatments. Basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed the nutrients requirements listed in NRC (1994). Five experimental diets were control, Zn-methionine chelate (Zn-Met) supplemented, Cumethionine chelate (Cu-Met) supplemented, Zn-Mn-methionine chelate (Zn-Mn-Met) supplemented and Zn-Mn-Cu-Met supplemented diet. Each treated diet was supplemented with respective mineral(s) at the level of 100 ppm in the form of methionine chelate. Egg production was increased by Cu-Met supplementation but decreased by Zn-Met supplementation. Egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Cu-Met treatment than those of the control and Zn-Met treatment. Specific gravity of eggs and eggshell strength were highest and soft egg production was lowest in Cu-Met treatment. Gizzard erosion index was significantly increased by supplementation of Cu-Met, Zn-Mn-Met or Zn-Mn-Cu-Met. Zinc content in liver significantly increased by Zn-Met, but not by Zn-Mn-Cu-Met treatment. In conclusion, 100 ppm Cu in Cu-Met chelate improved laying performance and eggshell quality but also increased gizzard erosion index. Supplementation of Zn-Met or its combination with other mineral chelates had no beneficial effects on laying performance and eggshell quality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.976-986
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• 1997

Coronary artery disease (CAD) such as angina pectoris and myocardial infarction(MI) have been considered the major cause of death for decaddes . THeir incidence and prevalence are still increasing . Numerous studies have been done on the risk factor analysis of CAD in Western countries. Since the diet in Western countries is different from that in Korea it is difficult to assume that the Korean diet has the same effects as its western counterpeart on the development of CAD . THus the gudidelines for the Western CAD patients can no totally be applied to Koreans. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and CAD in Koreans. Subjects were comprised of patients admitted to the hospital for chest pain with poxxilbe CAD (men 129, women 65) . They were divided into the following three groups according to angiographic results ; angiogrphically normal coronary artery group (control), single vessel disease group(SVD) and multiple vessel disease group (MVD) . Intakes of dietary fatty acids and other nutrients were assessed by the semiquantitative food frequency method. Blood was also obtained from subjects for serum lipid analysis. Serum lipid profiles of men were clearly different form those of women. For men, serum choesterol levels (or LDL or LDL/HDL) seemed to be higher in the MVD group compared to the control and SVD groups, while TG level was significantly higher in the MVD group for women. Both men and women showed significantly higher caloric , fiber and vitamins C and A intakes in the MVD group than in the other two groups. Higher caloric intakes was due to higher intakes of carbohydrate and protein rather than fat intake. In terms of fatty acids intake, there were no significant differences among the three groups . Smoking seemed to have great effect on eating patterns in CAD patients. Smokers and ex-smokers showed significantly higher intakes of most nutrients including individual fatty acids that non-smokers. The results of stepwise regression showed that moderate alcohol intake decreases LDL levels and increases HDL levels and smoking seems to lowe HDL levels in CAD patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2012

We tested the effects of dietary intake of freeze-dried Korean traditional fermented cabbage (generally known as kimchi) with varying amounts of sodium on blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), as a control group, received a regular AIN-76 diet, and the SHRs were divided into four groups. The SHR group was fed a regular diet without kimchi supplementation, the SHR-L group was fed the regular diet supplemented with low sodium kimchi containing 1.4% salt by wet weight, which was provided in a freeze-dried form, the SHR-M group was supplemented with medium levels of sodium kimchi containing 2.4% salt, and the SHR-H group was supplemented with high sodium kimchi containing 3.0% salt. Blood pressure was measured over 6 weeks, and cardiac hypertrophy was examined by measuring heart and left ventricle weights and cardiac histology. SHRs showed higher blood pressure compared to that in WKY rats, which was further elevated by consuming high sodium containing kimchi but was not influenced by supplementing with low sodium kimchi. None of the SHR groups showed significant differences in cardiac and left ventricular mass or cardiomyocyte size. Levels of serum biochemical parameters, including blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, sodium, and potassium were not different among the groups. Elevations in serum levels of aldosterone in SHR rats decreased in the low sodium kimchi group. These results suggest that consuming low sodium kimchi may not adversely affect blood pressure and cardiac function even under a hypertensive condition.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.629-635
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• 2018

The present study investigated the effects of feed form and distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality and fatty acids profile of broiler chickens. A total of 720 broilers (Ross 308; average BW [body weight] $541{\pm}5.7g$) were randomly allotted to six treatments. Birds were fed three different feed forms (mash; SP, simple pellet; EP, expanded pellet) and DDGS (0 or $200g\;kg^{-1}$) in a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The addition of DDGS and EP to the diet resulted in increased shear force of breast meat. Moreover, DDGS inclusion in the diet reduced the concentration of stearic acid and behenic acid in thigh meat. Pelleting (SP and EP) of the diets increased palmitic acid content in the thigh, whereas the linolenic acid content decreased. The breast mass was higher with EP and SP diets than with the mash diet. Feed processing led to increased pectoralis muscle and drum mass compared to mash-fed chickens. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that EP decreased thigh linolenic acid and meat shear force. In addition, DDGS supplementation in broiler hampers meat quality by increasing the shear force.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2012

In this study, the in vitro fermentation parameters of whole crop barley (WCBS-TMR) and Italian ryegrass (IRGS-TMR) silage total mixed rations were compared. A rice straw based diet (RSBD), which was a mixture of rice straw and concentrate (60:40), was used as the control. The feeds were incubated in buffered rumen fluid for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours at $39^{\circ}C$. At the end of each incubation period the following parameters were determined, total gas, pH, ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and then the acetate to propionate ratio (A/P) was calculated. The dietary treatments did not affect (p>0.05) the overall production of $NH_3$-N, gas, total VFA and all the individual VFA, with the exception of n-butyrate (p<0.001). The treatment diets significantly affected the A/P ratio (p<0.01). The control diet resulted in the lowest A/P ratios, followed by WCBS-TMR and lastly IRGS-TMR had the highest ratios. Gas production was not different between treatments, suggesting a probable similar level of digestibility when treatments are fed to animals. It can therefore be concluded from the present study that WCBS and IRGS are of almost an equivalent nutritional value when incubated in a TMR form. WCBS-TMR however resulted in lower A/P ratios than IRGS-TMR, which is indicative of a more energy efficient diet.