• Title/Summary/Keyword: Diet

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An Effect of Bromobenzene Treatment on the Liver Damage of Rats Previously Fed Low or High Protein Diet (단백식이 조건을 달리하여 성장시킨 흰쥐에 Bromobenzene 투여가 간손상에 미치는 영향)

  • 신중규;채순님;윤종국
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.894-898
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    • 1994
  • To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the liver damage, the bromobenzene was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to demonstrate the differences in liver damage between the groups fed low or high protein diet. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase (AH), glutthione (GSH) content and glutathione s-transferase(GST) activity were also determined to clarify causes of liver damage between the two groups. Increases of liver weight per body weight and serum ALT activities were higher in brombenzene treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The increasing rate of hepatic AH activity was higher in bromobenzne-treated rats fed low protein diet than that in those fed high protein diet. Furthermore , hepatic glutathione contents and GST activities in bromobenzene-treated rats were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the heaptic glutathione content and GST activity were also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

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Quality Evaluation of Commercial Extruded Pellet Diet for Olive Flounder, Paralichtys olivaceus (시판 넙치용 배합사료의 품질평가)

  • JI Seung Cheol;MOON Gyeong Su;YOO Jin Huyng;LEE Si Woo;KIM Hong Beom;JEONG Gwan Sik
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 2005
  • This study evaluated the quality of commercial extruded pellet (EP) diet of five companies (A, B, C, D and E) for olive flounder Paralichtys olivaceus by biochemical analyses, physical properties and growth performance. The proximate analyses of five EP diets showed $3.2-10.0\%$ of moisture, $49.3-55.5\%$ of crude protein, $4.6-14.7\%$ of crude lipid, $7.0-13.8\%$ of crude ash, $0.7-10.5\%$ of crude fiber, $10.0-27.3\%$ of itrogen free extract (NFE), 304.3-395.4kcal/100g of digestible energy (DE) and 6.1-7.1 of calorie/protein ratio (C/P). Peroxide value (POV) was highest in diet D (47.4 meq/kg) as compared to other diets which in the range of 4.0-11.7 meq/kg. Total amino acid contents were ranged from 46.54 to $55.46\%$ with the highest content in diet B and the lowest content in diet C. Essential amino acid of diet C was lowest $(7.43\%)$ as compared to other diets which in the range of $19.43-20.30\%$. Saturated fatty acid was higher in diet A $(37.65\%)$ followed by diet B $(36.32\%)$, diet E$(34.39\%)$, diet C$(30.95\%)$ and diet D$(30.10\%)$. EPA+DHA were highest in diet E$(30.78\%)$ and lowest in diet C$(15.48\%)$. The floating rate after 6 hours on the sea water was highest in diet C$(100\%)$ followed by diet B$(40\%)$ and A$(10\%)$. However, diets D and E were completely settled down after 1 and 2 hours, respectively. The range of relative expansion rate was $27.2-49.3\%$ for all diets and all reached the peak at 2-3 hours. The water absorption rate of diets C and D was lowest, and diet E was highest at 1 hour after deposition of sea water. Growth rate was higher in diet B$(22.3\%)$ and E$(21.3\%)$. Feed efficiency was higher in diet A$(109.7\%)$ and E$(105.3\%)$ and was significantly lowest in diet D$(80.7\%)$. The protein efficiency ratio was highest in diet E (2.72) and lowest in diet D (1.76). These results suggest that there is a necessity for improvement of nutrients balance and feed physical properties to fulfill the nutrient requirements and digestive characteristics of fishes in commercial EP diets.

Evaluation of shrimp protein hydrolysate and krill meal supplementation in low fish meal diet for red seabream (Pagrus major)

  • Gunathilaka, Buddhi E.;Khosravi, Sanaz;Shin, Jaebeom;Shin, Jaehyeong;Herault, Mikael;Fournier, Vincent;Lee, Kyeong-Jun
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 2021
  • Protein hydrolysates and krill meal (KM) are used as protein sources in aquafeeds. The study was conducted to examine the supplemental effects of shrimp protein hydrolysates (SH) or KM in a high-plant-protein diet for red seabream (Pagrus major). A fish meal (FM)-based diet (40%) was considered as the high-FM diet (HFM) and a diet containing 25% FM and soy protein concentrate, in the expense of FM protein from HFM diet, was considered as the low fish meal (LFM) diet. Two other experimental diets (SH and KM) were prepared by including SH and KM into LFM diet at 5% inclusion levels in exchange of 5% FM from the LFM diet. A feeding trial was conducted for fifteen weeks using triplicate group of fish (Initial mean body weight, 8.47 ± 0.05 g) for a diet. Growth performance and feed efficiency of fish were significantly enhanced by HFM, KM and SH supplemented diets over those of fish fed LFM diet. Interestingly, these parameters of fish fed SH diet showed better performance than KM and HFM groups. Liver IGF-I expression of fish fed SH diet was comparable to HFM group and higher than KM and LFM diets. Protein digestibility of SH diet was significantly higher than KM, HFM, and LFM diets. Dry matter digestibility of SH diet was comparable to HFM diet and significantly higher than KM and LFM diets. Nitro blue tetrazolium and superoxide dismutase activities of HFM, SH and KM groups were significantly elevated than the LFM group and SH diet increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities of fish compared to KM and LFM groups. Hemoglobin level and hematocrit of fish fed SH and KM diets were significantly higher than LFM group. A diet containing 20% FM with KM is comparable to a HFM diet which contains 40% FM for red seabream. SH can be used to replace FM from red seabream diet down to 20% and fish performance can be improved better than a diet containing 40% FM. Overall, it seems that SH is more effective ingredient in red seabream diet compared to KM.

Development of Growing Pig Diets for Environment-Friendly by Using Phytase (Phytase를 이용한 환경친화성 육성돈사료개발)

  • 김인호;홍종욱
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.51-60
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    • 2001
  • An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding phytase on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Three barrow pigs averaging 28.5$\pm$3.1kg of body weight were allotted to three treatments by 3$\times$3 latin square. Treatments included 1) com-soybean meal based-control diet and 2) and 3) control diet with phytase 500 and 1,000 unit. There were no effects of treatments on dry matter and nitrogen digestibility (P〉0.05). Ash, Ca and P digestibility in pigs fed diet with phytase were greater than those in pigs fed control diet(P〈0.05). An increased phosphorus intake was observed from pigs fed diet with treatments compared to that from pigs fed control diet. Pigs fed diet with adding phytase had improved P absorption compared to pigs fed control diet(P〈0.05). There was no significantly effect on fecal and urine excretion(P〈0.05). Ca intake was increased for pigs fed adding phytase compared to pigs fed control diet. No evident effect was observed on Ca fecal excretion among dietary treatments, however, urine excretion of pigs fed diet with treatments was decreased compared to pigs fed control diet. Cystine, isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine digestibility of amino acid were greater for pigs fed diet with treatments than those for pigs fed control diet(P〈0.05). Asparagine, threonine, serine, methionine and leucine digestibility were improved for pigs fed with phytase 500 unit compared to pigs fed control diet. Lysine, histidine, arginine and other animo acids digestibility were higher for pigs fed diet with phytase than control diet, but there were no significant effects by the treatments(P〉0.05). In conclusion, the results of the experiments suggest that phytase supplementation in the diets could be a very beneficial strategy in environmental aspects.

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Effect of Mixture of Gastrodiae rhizoma on Blood Amelioration in High Cholesterol-diet Rats (고콜레스테롤 식이 랫드에서 천마혼합액의 혈액개선 효과)

  • Lee Young Sun;Han Ok Kyung;Jean Tae Won;Lee Eun Sil;Kim Kwang Joong;Bae Jae Chil;Kim Hyo Jung
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.226-232
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mixture of Gastrodiae rhizoma (GM) on blood amelioration in high cholesterol-diet rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one normal diet and three high cholesterol-diet groups which contained 1 % (w/w) cholesterol diet. The groups of high cholesterol-diet were classified to control (high cholesterol-diet only), GM-1 (high cholesterol-diet and GM) and ST-1 (high cholesterol-diet and Statin drug). The body and organs weight were not significantly changed among the tested groups. Contents of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in cholesterol-diet groups compared with normal diet group but significantly decreased in the group of GM-1. Morphology of red blood cell in GM-1 group was similar to normal diet group but the control group had many crystals of cholesterol. Hepatic xanthine oxidase activity in the rats of high cholesterol-diet was decreased up to the levels of normal diet group according to oral administration of GM. The results of the present study demonstrate that the orally injection of GM can ameliorate the status of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and repress xanthine oxidase in liver in high cholesterol-diet rats. These finding suggest that GM is expected to be an effective tea for the blood amelioration in high cholesterol-diet rats.

Effects of Dietary Levan on Adiposity, Serum Leptin and UCP Expression in Obese Rats Fed High Fat Diet (고지방 식이로 유도된 비만쥐에서 식이 레반이 체지방 형성 및 혈청 렙틴과 UCP 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • 강순아;홍경희;김소혜;장기효;김철호;조여원
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.35 no.9
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    • pp.903-911
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    • 2002
  • The effects of dietary levan, high-molecular-weight $\beta$-2,6-linked fructose polymer, on adiposity, serum leptin and UCP expression in rats fed high fat diet were studied. The adipose tissue hormone, leptin has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Uncoupling protein (UCP), a mitochondrial protein that uncouples the respiratory chain from oxidative phosphorylation, generates heat instead of ATP, thereby increase energy expenditure. To determine whether the dietary levan may have the anti-obesity effect, 4 wk old Sprague Dawley male rats fed high fat diet for 6 wks to induce obesity, and subsequently fed one of three diets for further 6 wks: 1) high fat (40% of calories) diet without levan 2) with 3% (w/w) levan 3) with 5% levan. For the comparison, control group fed AIN-76A diet. Visceral and peritoneal fat masses were lower in high fat diet with levan groups compared to high fat diet group. The effect of levan was dose-dependent. Adipocyte size was significantly reduced in the levan diet groups compared to the no levan diet group. Serum cholesterol level was not affected by levan containing diet, while the serum HDL cholesterol level was higher in leven diet groups. In addition, serum triglyceride level was markedly reduced by levan containing diet, thus lower than that of control group. Serum leptin was reduced by levan containing diet and lower in 5% levan group compared to 3% levan group (p < 0.001), as a result, serum leptin and insulin levels of 5% levan group were reduced to level of control group. Futhermore, the serum leptin level reflected the adiposity. The expression of UCP 1, and UCP 2 in brown adipose tissue was up-regulated by levan containing diet. In conclusions, levan containing diet reduced adiposity and serum triglyceride but increased UCP expression in the obese rats fed high fat diet. (Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 903~911, 2002)

An Effect of Methanethiol Treatment on the Liver Function of Rats Previously Fed Low or High Protein Diet (단백식이 조건을 달리하여 성장한 흰쥐에 Methanethiol 투여가 간기능에 미치는 영향)

  • 윤종국;정소웅;차상은
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.15-18
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    • 1993
  • To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the intoxication of methanethiol in rats, the methanethiol was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and seurm levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to investigate the differences in liver damage between the animal groups fed low protein diet and that fed high protein diet. On the other hand, the hepatic glutathione content and its conjugating enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were determined to clarify the cause of difference in liver function between the two groups. The increasing rate of liver weigh/body wt., serum levels of ALT to its control group were higher in methanethiol-treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The hepatic content of glutathione and GST activity were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet and the decreasing rate of hepatic glu-tathione content to its control group was higher in rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. Furthermore, the hepatic GST activity in methanethiol-treated rats was higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the GST activity was also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

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Effects of $\beta$-Carotene Supplementation on Lipid Peroxide Levels and Antioxidative Enzyme Activities in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Rats ($\beta$-Carotene 첨가식이가 알코올성지방간 쥐의 지질과산화물 수준과 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee Eun-Hee;Chyun Jong-Hee
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2005
  • This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in alcoholic fatty liver rats. Forty five Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 8 weeks were used as experimental animals, which were divided into the control diet (CD) and the ethanol diet (ED) and the ethanol + $0.02\%$ $\beta$-carotene diet (EPD) groups and fed the experimental diet respectively for 5 weeks. After the feeding, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver to analyze lipid and lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. The mean body weight and food intake of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than that of the control diet. The liver index (LI) of the ethanol diet group was significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Serum levels of total lipid, triglyceride of the ethanol diet group were significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Total cholesterol levels were not significantly different among all groups. HDL-cholesterol of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Liver TBARS of the ethanol diet group was significantly higher than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Liver lipofuscin and conjugated diene levels were not significantly different among all groups. The superoxide dismutase activity of the ethanol diet group was significantly lower than those of the control diet and the $\beta$-carotene supplementation group. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were not significantly different among all groups. Because v-carotene supplementation significantly decrease the serum total lipid, triglyceride, liver TBARS revels and increase the superoxide dismutase activity in alcoholic ratty liver rats, $\beta$-carotene supplementation seems to give beneficial effect for the alcoholics.

Perception on Optimal Diet, Diet Problems and Factors Related to Optimal Diet Among Young Adult Women Using Focus Group Interviews - Based on Social Cognitive Theory - (포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 이용한 젊은 성인 여성의 식생활 실태 및 관련 요인 - 사회인지론에 근거하여 -)

  • Kim, Hye Jin;Lee, A Reum;Kim, Kyung Won
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.332-343
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: Study purpose was to investigate perception on diet, diet problems and related factors among young adult women using focus group interviews (FGI) based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Methods: Eight groups of FGI were conducted with 47 female undergraduate or graduate students. Guide for FGI included questions regarding perception on optimal diet, diet problems and cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors of SCT. FGI were video, audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed by themes and sub-themes. Results: Subjects showed irregular eating habits (skipping breakfast, irregular meal time) and selection of unhealthy foods as the main diet problems. Regarding cognitive factors related to optimal diet, subjects mentioned positive outcome expectations (e.g., health promotion, skin health, improvement in eating habits, etc.) and negative outcome expectations (e.g., annoying, hungry, expensive, taste). Factors that promoted optimal diet were mainly received from information from mobile or internet and access to menu or recipes. Factors that prevented optimal diet included influence from friends, lack of time and cooking skills. Behavioral factors for optimal diet included behavioral capability regarding snacks, healthy eating and smart food selection. Subjects mentioned mass media (mobile, internet, TV) as the influential physical environment, and significant others (parents, friends, grandparents) as the influential social environment in optimal diet. For education topics, subjects wanted to learn about healthy meals, basic nutrition, disease and nutrition, and weight control. They wanted to learn those aspects by using mobile or internet, lectures (cooking classes), campaign and events. Conclusions: Study results might be used for planning education regarding optimal diet for young adult women. Education programs need to focus on increasing positive outcome expectations (e.g., health) and behavioral capability for healthy eating and food selection, reducing negative outcome expectations (e.g., cost, taste) and barriers, making supportive environments for optimal diet, and incorporating topics and methods found in this study.

METHODS OF UREA INCORPORATION IN STRAW AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALO HEIFERS

  • Akbar, M.A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.545-548
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    • 1992
  • Twelve indigenous buffalo heifers were grouped into 3 and were supplied with following diets-urea-ensiled rice straw + wheat bran + green grass (A); rice straw soaked in urea-water + wheat bran + green grass (B); and untreated straw + wheat bran + green grass (C); so that each group received any one diet. Total dry matter intake was highest in animals on diet C and lowest on B. However, straw DM intake was highest in animals on silage diet and lowest on untreated straw diet. Organic matter and crude fibre digestibility of silage and soaked straw diets were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of untreated straw diet. Although the values were lower with soaked straw diet than on silage diet and soaked straw diet were significantly (p < 0.01) higher, however, the value for silage diet was not significantly different from that of soaked straw diet.