• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 1999

The droplet/wall impingement processes in the diesel-like environment are numerically modeled. In order to evaluate the predictive capability of the droplet/wall impingement model developed in this study, computations are carried out for two ambient temperature conditions. Numerical results indicate that the present droplet/wall impingement model reasonably well predicts the basic features of the impinging spray dynamics.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.113-119
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• 1997

This paper addresses to the injection pressure effect on the diesel spray. The injection pressure is varied from 10MPa, in general system, upto 200MPa, in high pressured system in order to understand the effect. The gas phase is modelled in terms of the Eulerian continuum conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and fuel vapour fraction. The liquid phase is modelled following the discrete droplet model approach in Lagrangian form. The droplet distributions, vapor fractions and gas flows are analyzed in various injection pressure cases.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

In this study, the mechanisms of binary droplet collision were studied with diesel, ethanol and purified water. The droplet collisions of liquid droplet have been investigated for the same droplet diameter. In order to obtain the digital images of the droplet collision behavior, the experimental equipment was composed of the droplet generating system and the droplet visualization system. The droplets were produced by the vibrating orifice monodisperse generator. The visualization system consisted of a long distance microscope, a light source, and a high speed camera. The outcomes of binary droplet collision can be divided into four regimes, bouncing, coalescence, reflexive separation and stretching separation. The impact angle and the relative velocity of binary droplet are main parameters of collision phenomena, so the transition mechanism of droplet collision can be divided by the impact parameter.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

In the standard CFD code, Lagrangian-Eulerian method is very popular to simulate the liquid spray penetrating into gaseous phase. Though this method can give a simple solution and low computational cost, it have been reported that the Lagrangian spray models have numerical grid dependency, resulting in serious numerical errors. Many researches have shown the grid dependency arise from two sources. The first is due to unaccurate prediction of the droplet-gas relative velocity, and the second is that the probability of binary droplet collision is dependent on the grid resolution. In order to solve the grid dependency problem, the improved spray models are implemented in the KIVA-3V code in this study. For reducing the errors in predicting the relative velocity, the momentum gain from the gaseous phase to liquid particles were resolved according to the gas-jet theory. In addition, the advanced algorithm of the droplet collision modeling which surmounts the grid dependency problem was applied. Then, in order to validate the improved spray model, the computation is compared to the experimental results. By simultaneously regarding the momentum coupling and the droplet collision modeling, successful reduction of the numerical grid dependency could be accomplished in the simulation of the high-pressure injection diesel spray.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2000

A number of atomization and droplet breakup models have been developed and used to predict the diesel spray characteristics. Of the many atomization and droplet breakup models based on the breakup mechanism due to aerodynamic liquid and gas interaction, four models classified as mathematical models, such as TAB, modified TAB, DDB, WB and one of the hybrid model based on WB and TAB models were selected for the assessment of prediction ability of diesel spray dynamics. The assessment of these models by using KIVA-II code was performed by comparing with the experimental data of spray tip penetration and sauter mean diameter(SMD) from the literature. It is found that the prediction of spray tip penetration and SMD by the hybrid model was only influenced by the initial parcel number. All the atomization and droplet breakup models considered here was strongly dependent on the grid resolution. Therefore it is important to check the grid resolution to get an acceptable results in selecting the models. At low injection pressure, modified TAB model could only give the good agreement with experimental data of spray tip penetration and both of modified TAB and DDB models were recommendable for the prediction of SMD. At high injection pressure, hybrid model could only give the good agreement with the experimental data of spray tip penetration and the prediction of all of the selected models did not match the experimental data. Spray tip penetration was increased with the increase the $B_1$ and the increase of $B_1$ did not affected the prediction of SMD.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.158-162
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• 2010

The effect of fuel injection characteristics on engine performance has been known for improving fuel economy and emission reduction. In this study, the spray characteristics of crude palm oil blended fuel with conventional diesel fuel was investigated. The experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of crude palm oil blending ratio and injection pressure on the spray behavior. The droplet size of injected fuel was analyzed through laser diffraction particle analyzer (LDPA). Also, spray atomization characteristics were investigated in terms of Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and droplet distribution at various injection conditions. Fuel containing crude palm oil has different spray pattern on account of the high viscosity. Through those experimental results, we found that the increase of blending ratio made droplet size larger, SMD of biodiesel 100% was increased 30.2% than that of diesel fuel 100% under injection pressure of 60 MPa.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

This paper present the diesel fuel spray evolution and atomization performance in a multi-hole nozzle in terms of injection rate, spray evolutions, and mean diameter and velocity of droplets in a compression ignition engine. In order to study the effect of split injection on the diesel fuel spray and atomization characteristic in a multi-hole nozzle, the test nozzle that has two-row small orifice with 0.2 mm interval was used. The time based fuel injection rate characteristics was analyzed from the pressure variation generated in a measuring tube. The spray characteristics of a multi-hole nozzle were visualized and measured by spray visualization system and phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system. It was revealed that the total injected fuel quantities of split injection are smaller than those of single injection condition. In case of injection rate characteristics, the split injection is a little lower than single injection and the peak value of second injection rate is lower than single injection. The spray velocity of split injection is also lower because of short energizing duration and small injection mass. It can not observe the improvement of droplet atomization due to the split injection, however, it enhances the droplet distributions at the early stage of fuel injection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

It is an aim of this study to perform extensive numerical study for analyzing the anisotropic turbulence effects on spatial and temporal behaviors of diesel sprays after wall impingement. The turbulence model of Durbin is used for comparisons with the $k-\varepsilon$ model. The turbulence-induced dispersions of droplets are considered to describe the anisotropy of turbulence effectively and the spray/wall interactions are simulated using the model of Lee and Ryou. The present study investigates the internal structures of impinging diesel sprays such as Sauter mean diameter (SMD), loca1 droplet velocities, and local gas velocities and also compares the results predicted by two turbulence models with the experimental data. The Durbin's model considering the anisotropy of turbulence predicts both gas and droplet tangential velocities better than the$k-\varepsilon$ model does. It is concluded that the anisotropy of turbulence should be considered in simulating impinging diesel sprays.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1994

This study carried out to investigate the spray characteristics of diesel oil through out ultrasonic fuel supply system in comparison with conventional. Size of the droplets comprising diesel spray was measured by immersed liquid method at different positions along the spray axis. Droplets distribution diagram was ploted and Sauter Mean Diameter(SMD) was also calculated. The effects of the ultrasonic vibration and injection pressure on the droplet size distribution and SMD were investigated. As the ultrasonic vibration supply SMD decreases on the same injection pressure conditions with conventional injector's. But the effect of ultrasonic vibration decreases with injection pressure increasing.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2004

The characteristics of Diesel spray droplets, such as the velocity and the diameter were simultaneously measured by using an improved Interferometric Laser Imaging for Droplet Sizing method. The experiments were carried out using an accumulator-type unit injector system and a constant-volume vessel. Two dimensional cross-section photographs of sprays were also taken using a double-pulsed Nd- YAG laser sheet and a linear array CCD camera. As a result, interesting relations between the droplets diameter and the velocity were found.