• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.117-121
• /
• 2004

The patterns of diapause-associated proteins of silkworm eggs were analyzed by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Among the hundreds of spots on the 2-D gels, at least two proteins were considered to be associated with diapause. A protein, spot 4, with an approximate molecular weight of 38 kDa and pI 6.1 was observed in the HCI-treated, cold-treated, and diapause eggs, respectively. Spot 4 was undetectable in unfertilized eggs and non-diapause eggs at two days after oviposition, suggesting that this protein may be associated with the entrance to diapause. A protein, spot 11, with an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa and pI of 61 was detected in the unfertilized, HCl-treated, and cold-treated eggs, respectively, after oviposition by normal moths. In diapausing eggs, a protein corresponding to spot 11 was observed in 3-, 5-, and 30-day-old eggs, while the protein was not detected one-day-old eggs. The protein corresponding to spot 11 was not detected in unfertilized and non-diapause eggs obtained from subesophabeal ganglion (SG)-extirpated moths either. Spot 11 was also considered to be a diapause specific protein, which occurred at only early embryonic stage under the control of diapause-downregulated gene.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 International Symposium of Silkworm/Insect Biotechnology and Annual Meeting of Korea Society of Sericultural Science
• /
• pp.95-96
• /
• 2003

We investigated the proteins that are associated with initiation, maintenance, and termination of diapause in silkworm eggs by means of 2D-gel electrophoresis. 1. Materials : Bombyx mori: unfertilized eggs, diapause eggs, non-diapause eggs, cold-treated egges. 2. Methods: isoelectric focusing, SDS-PAGE, silver staining. (omitted)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2002

Induction of non-diapause eggs and manifestation of quantitative characters were studied in different seasons by low temperature incubation of eggs of a low yielding diapause with coloured cocoons silkworm breed, RDI of Bombyx mori. Hundred percent of nandiapause eggs were induced when the egg incubation was carried out at 15$^{\circ}C$ followed by incubation initially at $25^{\circ}C$ and then at $15^{\circ}C$. The diapause-nondia-pause relation was found to be reversible. Analysis of variance study demonstrated significant variation in all the quantitative characters whereas significant variation due to different incubation treatments was observed for larval span, fifth instar larval span, cocoon yield/10,000 larvae by weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio. study on hybrid vigour skewed significant heterosis over mid parent value for four economic characters viz., cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length in a Fl hybrid between RD1 with diapause eggs and Japanese type bivoltine $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1985

휴면(성)란을 수종의 유기용매에 침적처리 후 휴면개시의 조지 및 휴면타파에 관한 이들 용매의 효과를 조사.검토했다. 잠란의 침적처리에 사용한 유기용매 중 메칠알콜과 벤젠은 휴면개시를 조지하여 배자발육을 지속시키는데 효과적이었으나 클로로포름 및 클로로포름-메칠알콜(2:1)의 혼합용액은 무효했다. 특히 메칠알콜이 유효하여, 산란후 5시간이 경과(5시간령)한 금추$\times$종화의 잠란을 메칠알콜에 2분, 5분, 10분간 침적처리하면 약 70~80%가 부화했고, 20시간령란에서는 약 10%의 부화잠이 얻어졌다. 이러한 메칠알콜의 효과는 휴면개시 이전의 잠란에서만 확인되었고, 휴면초기인 2일령, 3일령 및 6일령의 잠란에서는 유기용매의 종류 및 침적 처리 시간의 장단에 불구하고 부화잠 및 최청사란은 출현하지 않았다. 휴면성에 미치는 유기용매의 효과에 이 같은 시기의존성이 있는 것으로 휴면의 개시와 각성은 각기 다른 기구에 의해 유도되는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 메칠알콜에 의해 추출되는 잠란의 지질 성분의 종류 및 양, 그리고 현재까지 알려져 있는 휴면성과 난각의 연속성 등으로 보아 휴면개시를 조지하는 메칠알콜의 시용부위는 난각일 것으로 추찰된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 2004

The rate of oxygen consumption of the silkworm eggs was measured to set up the barometer for measuring the effect of egg chilling on diapause termination. In diapause eggs, $O_2$ uptake showed a maximum of 79.2 ${mu}ell$/mg eggs/hr, at one day after oviposition and then gradually decreased to 2.2${mu}ell$/mg eggs/hr at 9days. The rates of oxygen uptake of eggs raised immediately after HCl-treatment and reached to a maximal level of 484.5 ${mu}ell$/mg eggs/hr in 9-day-old eggs, which corresponds to 220 fold that of diapause eggs, and the hatching ability was also over 50％. In order to break diapause, eggs incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days after oviposition had to be kept at least for 45 days at 5$^{\circ}C$, but chilled eggs for 90 days or longer hatched at 10 days as normal hatching periods. We also investigate periods which the value of $O_2$ uptake of eggs chilled during 15 to 120 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ reached at 200 ${mu}ell$/mg eggs/hr. As a result of that, $O_2$ uptake of eggs chilled during 15 to 45days were not reached at 200 ${mu}ell$/mg eggs/hr and longer the chilling durations are, the higher the rate of $O_2$ uptake is and the longer the chilling durations are, the shorter the periods up to hatching is. And also, hatch-ability increased rapidly as $O_2$ uptake reaches over 20/eggs/hr.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 1991

본연구는 오리나무잎벌레(Agelastica coerulea Baly)성충의 유면 유기에 미치는 온도와 광주기 영향 및 유약호르몬(juvenile hormome III)과 탈피호르몬(20-hydroxyecdysone)이 휴면중인 성충에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 오리나무잎벌레는 일년에 일회 발생하며 난, 유충, 용 성충기간은 가각 7~10일, 19~21일, 14~15일, 약 10개월로 조사되었다. 오리나무잎벌레의 알과 유충을 $25^{\circ}C$와 $20^{\circ}C$의 조건에서 광주기를 각각 16L/8L, 12L/12D, 8L/16D로 달？여 사육하여도 모든 성충이 휴면에 들어가 이들은 필수성충휴면을 하는 것으로 생각되었다. 휴면기간동안 난소는 거의 발육되지 않았으며 유면말기의 개체를 $25^{\circ}C$, 16L/8D에 노출시키면, 난소소관이 급속하게 발달되었다. 휴면중인 성충에 유약호르몬을 처리하면 일시적으로 휴면이 타파되고 산란이 이루어졌으나 탈피호르몬은 아무런 영향도 미치지 못했다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.159-162
• /
• 2012

The Chinese windmill butterfly, Atrophaneura alcinous, is an important butterfly for exhibition in butterfly garden. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on A. alcinous in the laboratory. Development of A. alcinous reared on leaves of Aristolochia contorta was investigated at five constant the laboratory condition (20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and $30^{\circ}C$) and at relative humidity of 60% with a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). Temperatures have been suggested as an important determinant of developmental rate, lifespan and mortality in invertebrates. As the temperature increased, the length of the developmental period gradually decreased. The developmental time (pupation) from egg hatching to pupation was respectively 25.8, 23.6, 19.6, 15.5, and 12.9 days at the temperatures of 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and $30^{\circ}C$. And pupation was respectively 40.0, 30.0, 63.4, 50.0, 23.3% at the temperatures of 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and $30^{\circ}C$. The developmental threshold temperature estimated for egg-to-pupae was 10.8, with a thermal constant of 230.4 degree-days. Therefore, the optimal developmental temperature for A. alninous was determined to be $25^{\circ}C$. To compare the effects of the total duration of chilling on the termination of diapause, larvae were subjected to a temperature of $8^{\circ}C$ from 60 to 120 days. The rate of termination of diapause was significantly higher at 60 days compared to other incubation period.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2012

Tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury experiences extreme temperature stress conditions during its life cycle particularly during diapauses and first crop. The present study witnessed the impact of high temperature on some biochemical profiles and egg production (fecundity) of semi-domesticated Daba and Shorea robusta (Sal) based wild ecorace Laria during seed cocoon (pupa) preservation. Cocoons of Daba and Laria were treated with high temperature at $40^{\circ}C$ for 10 days in a BOD incubator. The protein profile and carbohydrate content in the hemolymph and fat body and total haemocyte count (THC) in the hemolymph of pupa were investigated. Further, the fecundity and fertility of egg was assessed. Significant increase in the protein concentration was observed in the hemolymph with reduction in the fat body (p<0.05). The difference in protein concentration was highly significant between the semidomesticated Daba and wild ecorace Laria (p<0.05). High pupal mortality (20%) and reduced fecundity (10-15%) in Daba was noticed compared to wild Laria. Also an increased THC (>28000) was recorded in Laria. The study infers the potentials of wild ecoraces in sustaining the extreme temperature conditions and need of adopting suitable package of practices for the preservation of diapause seed cocoons during extreme summer conditions. There is possibility to introgression thermal stress resistant traits in the semi-domesticated races of tasar silkworm by resorting to conventional breeding plans with wild races and keeping the thermal stress induced response as markers.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 2005

잎응애류의 포식성 천적인 민깨알반날개의 발육단계별 형태적 특징과 행동습성, 그리고 월동에 대하여 조사하였다. 알은 0.3 m 크기의 노랑색 타원형이었고, 유충은 3번 탈피하며 다자란 3령 유충은 길이 1.6 mm, 폭 0.4 mm이며 행동이 민첩하였다. 땅속에서 고치를 짓고 그 안에서 번데기가 되며, 성충은 광택이 있는 암갈색으로 막질의 앞날개는 복부의 절반만 덮고 있는 형태였다. 민깨알반 낱개는 주로 과수원 주변의 삼나무 방풍수에서 성충으로 월동하였다. 그러나 겨울철에도 하우스와 같이 따뜻한 곳에서는 휴면하지 않았다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.274-281
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 2015년 8월부터 2016년 7월까지 납지리의 말조개 내 산란과 적응특성을 조사하기 위해서 만경강 봉서천 일대에서 수행하였다. 납지리의 산란기는 9-11월까지로 추정되었고 성숙한 암컷에서 확인된 알수는 17-75개(36.2 ± 16.44)였다. 조사기간 동안 확인된 조개는 476개체이었고 납지리의 산란이 확인된 조개는 129개체(27.1%)였다. 납지리의 알과 자어가 산란된 조개(46.3 ± 4.55 mm, n = 129)가 산란되지 않은 조개(42.6 ± 8.51 mm, n = 347)보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 안구가 형성되기 전 납지리 자어와 형성된 후 자어의 출현 비율은 2015년 10월부터 2016년 3월까지는 99.8% (n = 597) vs. 0.2% (n = 1)이었고, 4월에는 25.6% (n = 23) vs. 74.4% (n = 67), 5월에는 0% (n = 0) vs. 100% (n = 40)로 확인되었다. 말조개 안에서 확인된 납지리 알과 자어수는 1-18개(5.6 ± 3.81)로 나타났다. 아가미 위치에 따른 납지리 알과 자어수 및 출현빈도는 왼쪽 외반새 1개(0.01 ± 0.09, n = 1), 0.78%, 왼쪽 내반새 1-18개(2.33 ± 3.31, n = 63), 48.84%, 오른쪽 내반새 1-15개(2.97 ± 3.79, n = 76), 58.91%, 오른쪽 외반새 1-12개(0.33 ± 1.71, n = 7), 5.43%로 나타났다. 납지리 알과 자어의 아가미에서 발생위치는 안구 형성 전에는 lower part 3 (L3)에서 71.8% (n = 445), 안구 형성 후에는 L3에서 94.4% (n = 102)로 다른 부위보다 L3에서 모두 높게 나타났다. 납지리의 알과 자어수 및 출현빈도는 조개의 내반새가 외반새보다 높게 나타났다. 납지리는 추계산란종으로 다른 납자루아과 어류나 글로키디아 조개 유생과의 조개 안에서의 경쟁은 피하는 장점이 있지만 낮은 수온의 겨울을 보내야 한다. 이에 납지리는 안구형성 전인 낮은 수온에서는 배아적 휴면(embryonic diapause)을, 안구형성 후에는 수관에서 상새방으로의 이동에너지 절약을 위한 상새방 내 산란이라는 방향으로 적응해 온 것으로 판단된다.