• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2003

The aspherical lenses are used as objective lens of optical pickup. To examine the design factor the sample product is made before manufacturing of injection mould of lens. The optimum cutting condition of PMMA lens sample with ultra precision SPDT, the roam spindle speed, the depth of cut, the feedrate are found. The demanded surface roughness 100m Ra, aspherical form error $0.5{\mu}m$ P-V for aspherical lens of optical data storage device are satisfied.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.36.3-37
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• 2016

ECS(Error Compensation Software)는 알루미늄 자유곡면 반사경의 형상정밀도를 향상시키기 위해 개발된 보정가공 소프트웨어이다. DTM(Diamond Turning Machine)을 이용한 가공공정에서 가공오차의 변화를 쉽게 확인하며 형상을 보정할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 보정가공 공정은 (1) 10차 다항식을 이용하여 표면을 설계한 후 DTM에 입력할 가공경로 계산, (2) DTM에 가공경로를 입력하여 가공, (3) 3차원 초정밀 형상측정 장비로 반사경의 가공오차 분석, (4) 가공오차를 보정하여 새로운 10차 다항식 설계, (5) 보정가공경로 계산 후 재가공으로 이루어진다. 그동안의 공정은 다항식의 설계, 가공경로 계산, 반사경의 가공오차 분석을 위해 다수의 프로그램들을 실행해야만 했다. 본 연구에서는 ECS가 알루미늄 자유곡면 반사경 제작을 위한 통합 보정가공 소프트웨어를 제공하여, 사용자가 작업을 효율적으로 수행하기를 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Recent ultra-precision machining systems have nano-scale resolution, and can machine various shapes of complex structures using five-axis driven modules. These systems are also multi-functional, which can perform various processes such as planing, milling, turning et al. in one system. Micro machining technology using these systems is being developed for machining fine patterns, hybrid patterns and high aspect-ratio patterns on large-area molds with high productivity. These technology is and will be applied continuously to the fields of optics, display, energy, bio, communications and et al. Domestic and foreign trends of micro machining technologies for flat molds were investigated in this study. Especially, we focused on the types and the characteristics of ultra-precision machining systems and application fields of micro patterns machined by the machining system.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.215.1-215.1
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• 2012

일반적인 천체 망원경의 반사경은 유리재질의 소재를 원하는 형상의 반사면으로 가공한 후 그 위에 알루미늄 코팅을 하여 사용한다. 하지만 본 연구에 사용된 망원경은 주경과 부경을 모두 알루미늄(Al-6061 T6)을 직접 가공하여 제작하였다. 알루미늄을 직접 가공하여 반사경을 만들 경우의 장점은 냉각이 필요한 기기에서 광구조물과 반사경의 열팽창 계수 차이를 신경 쓸 필요가 없으며 DTM(Diamond Turning Machine)을 이용할 수 있다는 것이다. 본 망원경은 망원경의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 3매의 보정 렌즈를 사용한 반사굴절 망원경이며 구경은 200mm, 초점거리는 750mm, F수는 3.75이다. 주경과 부경은 각각 200 mm와 90 mm의 쌍곡면으로 설계 및 제작되었다. 본 연구에서는 DTM을 이용해 알루미늄 재질의 주경과 부경을 제작하고 이 반사경들의 측정 결과를 토대로 측정 결과와의 오차가 가장 작은 새로운 반사경 설계식을 유도하였다. 이 설계식을 이용하여 광학 설계 프로그램에서 망원경의 성능을 예측하였으며 실제 제작된 망원경을 이용하여 얻은 이미지와 비교한다.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.82.3-83
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• 2015

비축 반사경의 DTM (Diamond Turning Machine) 가공을 하기 전에는 시간 및 비용의 절감을 위해 CNC(Computerized Numerically Controlled Machine Tools)를 이용하여 비축면의 곡률반경과 가장 유사한 형태의 구면으로 1차 가공 후 3축 이상을 제어할 수 있는 MC (Machining Center)를 이용하여 근사한 비축면을 먼저 가공한다. 이후 DTM으로 광학계에서 요구하는 형상 정밀도 및 표면 조도를 만족하는 비축면을 완성한다. 하지만 비축면을 가공하는 경우, 일반적인 축 대칭 광학계와 달리 가공장비에 장착된 기상계측기를 사용할 수 없기 때문에 외부 장비를 이용하여 반사경 표면을 측정해야한다. 이때 측정과 가공 단계 사이에서 정렬오차가 발생하여 반사경의 형상 정밀도 향상을 위한 보상가공에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 비축면 반사경의 가공과 측정 과정 사이에 발생하는 정렬오차를 최소화 할 수 있는 DTM 가공용 지그를 설계 및 제작하였다. 또, DTM으로 가공한 반사경의 측정값과 설계값을 비교하여 알루미늄 반사경의 광학 성능을 평가하였다. 이러한 성능 평가 결과는 비축면 반사경의 형상 보상가공을 위한 모델링 방법을 고안하는데에 있어 핵심 자료가 될 것이다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.44-48
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• 2006

Recently, demand the ultra precision product which is increasing rapidly is used extensively frontier industry field such as semi-conductor, computer, aerospace, precision machine. Ultra precision processing is the portion that is very needed to NT in the field of mechanical engineering. The latest date, together with radical advancement of electronic and photonics industry, necessity of ultra precision processing is on the increase for the manufacture of various kernel parts those are connected with these industrial fields. Specially, require motion accuracy of high resolution of nm order in stroke of hundreds millimeters according as diameter of processing object great and processing accuracy rises. In this case ,the response speed absolute delay because inertial mass of moving part is very large. Therefore, real time motion error compensation becomes very hardly. In this paper, we used ultra precision cutting unit(UPCU) to cope such problem. a UPCU is designed and tested to obtain sub-micrometer from accuracy in diamond turning of flat surfaces. The thermal growth spindle error is compensated for real time using a UPCU driven by piezoelectric actuator along with a laser encoder displacement sensor.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-103
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• 2014

Manufacturing of lens and mirror using Diamond Turning Machine (DTM) offers distinct advantages including short fabrication time and low cost as compared to grinding or polishing process. However, the DTM process can leave mid-frequency error in the optical surface which generates an undesirable diffraction effect and stray light. The mid-frequency error is expected to be eliminated by mechanical polishing after the DTM process, but polishing of soft surface of ductile aluminum is extremely difficult because the polishing process inevitably degrades the surface form accuracy. In order to increase its surface hardness, we performed electroless nickel plating on the surface of diamond-turned aluminum (Al-6061T6) off-axis mirrors, which was followed by the 6-hour-long baking process at $200^{\circ}C$ for improving its hardness. Then we polished the nickel plated off-axis mirrors to remove the mid-frequency error and measured polished mirror surfaces using the optical surface profilometer (NT 2000, Wyko Inc.). Finally, we ascertained that the mid-frequency error on the mirror surface was successfully removed. During the whole processes of nickel plating and polishing, we monitored the form accuracy using the ultra-high accurate 3-D profilometer (UA3P, Panasonic Corp.) to maintain it within the allowable tolerance range (< tens of nm). The polished off-axis mirror was optically tested using a visible laser source and a pinhole, and the airy pattern obtained from the polished mirror was compared with the unpolished case to check the influence of mid-frequency error on optical images.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.36-42
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• 2015

The aspherical lens was designed to be able to array a focal point. For this reason, it has very curved surface. The aspherical lens is fabricated by injection molding or diamond turning machine. With the aspherical lens, tool marks and surface roughness affect the optical characteristics, such as transmissivity. However, it is difficult to polish free form surface shapes uniformly with conventional methods. Therefore, in this paper, the ultra-precision polishing method with MR fluid was used to polish an aspherical lens with 4-axis position control systems. A Tool path and polishing mechanism were developed to polish the aspherical lens shape. An MR polishing experiment was performed using a generated tool path with a PMMA aspherical lens after the turning process. As a result, surface roughness was improved from $R_a=40.99nm$, $R_{max}=357.1nm$ to $R_a=4.54nm$, $R_{max}=35.72nm$. Finally, the MR polishing system can be applied to the finishing process of fabrication of the aspherical lens.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

Long stroke Fast Tool Servo (LFTS) with maximum stroke of $432{\mu}m$ is designed, manufactured and tested for fabrication of optical free-form surfaces. The large amount of stroke in LFTS has been realized by utilizing the hinge and lever mechanisms which enable the displacement amplification ratio of 4.3. In this mechanism the peculiar shape was devised for maximizing the displacement of end tip in LFTS and special mechanical spring has been mounted to provide the sufficient preload to the piezoelectric actuator. Also, its longitudinal motion of tool tip can be measured by capacitive type displacement sensor and closed-loop controlled to overcome the nonlinear hysteresis. In order to verify the static and dynamic characteristics of designed LFTS, several features including step response, frequency response and cut-off frequency in closed-loop mode were experimentally examined. Also, basic machining result shows that the proposed LFTS is capable of generating the optical free-form surface as an additional axis in diamond turning machine.