• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2011

Backgroud: The objective was to evaluate the distance from the skin and the diameter of the piriformis muscle and their relationship to the body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study was a prospective study involving 60 patients. Patients were prepared on a radiological table in the prone position. Several images were obtained of each. In this view, the distance between the subcutaneous tissue and the piriformis muscle, and the diameter of the piriformis, were measured at three points (medially to laterally). Results: The distance to the piriformis from the skin was $6.6{\pm}0.9\;cm$, $6.3{\pm}0.8\;cm$, and $5.2{\pm}0.9\;cm$ in terms of the lateral, center, and medial measurement, respectively. The center of the piriformis had a greater diameter with $1.7{\pm}0.4\;cm$ (0.9-2.5) cm. The distance to the piriformis increased with BMI. Conclusions: This study shows that the lateral of the piriformis muscle has a relatively greater distance from the skin. The center of the piriformis showed a greater diameter than other two portions. We found that the distance of the piriformis from subcutaneous tissues was correlated with BMI, but the diameter of the piriformis was not affected by BMI. These measurements can be used as a reference for determining the piriformis injection site in patients with piriformis syndrome.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2018

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of maximum diameter as a response assessment method for vestibular schwannomas (VS) after stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (RT), we analyzed the concordance of RT responses between maximum diameters and volumetric measurements. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients receiving curative stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic RT for VS were analyzed retrospectively. Twelve patients were excluded: 4 did not receive follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and 8 had initial MRI scans with a slice thickness >3 mm. The maximum diameter, tumor volume (TV), and enhanced tumor volume (ETV) were measured in each MRI study. The percent change after RT was evaluated according to the measurement methods and their concordances were calculated with the Pearson correlation. The response classifications were determined by the assessment modalities, and their agreement was analyzed with Cohen kappa statistics. Results: Median follow-up was 31.0 months (range, 3.5 to 86.5 months), and 90 follow-up MRI studies were analyzed. The percent change of maximum diameter correlated strongly with TV and ETV (r(p) = 0.85, 0.63, p = 0.000, respectively). Concordance of responses between the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) using the maximum diameters and either TV or ETV were moderate (kappa = 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.85) or fair (kappa = 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.59), respectively. Conclusions: The percent changes in maximum diameter and the responses in RECIST were significantly concordant with those in the volumetric measurements. Therefore, the maximum diameters can be used for the response evaluation of VS following stereotactic RT.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2022

Purpose: To clarify the relationship between the diameter of the simulated bead and the Z-resolution of the tomosynthesis image. Methods: A simulated bead was placed on a 1,024×1,024×1,024-pixel base image. The diameters were set to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 mm. A bead was placed at the center of the base image and projected at a simulated X-ray angle range of ±45° to obtain a projected image. A region of interest was placed at the center of the bead image and the slice sensitivity profile (SSP) was obtained by acquiring pixel values in the z-direction. The full width at half maximum of the SSP was defined as the Z-resolution and the frequency response was obtained by the 1-D Fourier transform of the SSP. Results: Z-resolution increased with increasing bead diameter. However, there was no change in Z-resolution between 0.025 and 0.1 mm. The frequency response was similar to that of the Z-resolution, with a significant difference between 0.1 and 0.2 mm diameter. Conclusions: Z-resolution is dependent on the diameter of the bead, which should be selected considering the pixel size of the tomosynthesis image.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 확대하기 전 근관에서 전자근관장 측정 시의 정확성을 평가하고 확대된 근관에서 파일의 크기에 따른 네 가지 전자근관장 측정기의 정확성을 비교하기 위한 것이다. 발치된 치아 10개를 #10파일을 이용하여 치아의 실제길이를 측정하였다 현미경에서 25배 확대 하에 #10 파일이 치근단공을 넘어 해부학적 치근단공에 이를 때까지 전진하여 디지털 캘리퍼로 측정하였다. Root ZX, Bingo 1020, SmarPex, e-Magic Finder를 알지네이트를 이용한 인체 재현 모델을 이용하여 #10 파일로 apex 표시등에서 측정하였다 (S10). #45까지 핸드 파일로 확대한 다음 #10, #40 파일을 이용하여 전자근관장을 측정하였다. 실제 길이와 각각 측정값의 차이를 계산하여 L10, L40으로 정의하고 기계간의 비교는 one-way ANOVA통계처리하고, Scheffe's multiple range test로 사후 검증하였고, 같은 기계 안의 L10, L40은 Student's t-test로 비교하였다. 본 연구의 실험 조건 하에서, 측정값의 정확도가 기계간에 차이를 보였고, 파일의 크기는 측정값의 정확도에 영향을 주지 못하며, e-Magic Finder는 이 실험 조건하에서 다른 기계에 비해 가장 정확하였다.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.9.1-9
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• 1982

저자들은 20구의 사체 (남 : 13, 여 : 7)를 통하여 한국인 성인 남녀의 후두를 계측하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (평균치 mm.) 1) 설골 대각간의 거리 : 남 52.58 여 43.07 2) 설골 소각간의 거리 : 남 36.20 여 30.20 3) 갑상연골의 횡직경 : 남 50.58 여 42.58 4) 윤상연골의 횡직경 : 남 30.14 여 26.94 5) 설골 하연과 갑상 절혼간의 거리 : 남 12.83 여 10.92 6) 갑상연골 하연과 윤상연골 하연간의 거리 : 남16.40 여 10.26 7 ) 갑상연골 상연과 윤상연골 하연간의 거리 : 남 34.65 여 34.61 8) 윤상연골의 전후 직경 : 남 25.93 여 20.01 9) 후두개의 횡직경 : 남 29.32 여 22.08 10) 후두개의 수직경 : 남 35.90 여 27.90 11 ) 설형결절간의 횡 직경 : 남 17.69 여 13.52 12) 성대 추벽의 길이 : 남 11.61 여 10.40 13) 성대 추벽의 횡 직경 : 남 18.62 여 18.27 14) 후두개의 상연과 성대 추벽간의 거리 : 남 42.45 여 34.52 15) 성대 추벽의 전후길이 : 남 19.25 여 10.70

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2000

Drop size distribution of an air-assisted fuel injector(AAFI) was investigated. Influence of parameters such as ambient air density supply pressure and air-liquid mass ratio(ALR) was examined through both measurement and analysis. The Sauter mean diameter$D_{32}$ varied from 9 to 25$\mu$m throughout all experimental conditions. An empirical correlation for droplet size was obtained. Analytical correlations for predicting $D_{32}$ with respect to operating conditions were also derived through energy consideration and introduction of a simplified model of the from the empirical fitting was adapted to the original equation the proposed correlation in this study matched more closely with measured results. The current correlation exhibited a favorable study matched more closely with measured results. The current correlation exhibited a favorable prediction for $D_{32}$ compared to that by the empirical correlation at selected experimental conditions so that it may be used to predict atomization performance of the AAFI at operating conditions which was not covered in the measurements. After validation the analytical equation was applied to survey the feasible operating conditions for gasoline direct injection application.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1996

An experiment was carried out on the structure of twin spray from pressurize-swirl nozzles, in order to investigate the effect of different size of spray nozzles on the characteristics of the overlap of two single sprays, for example, mean diameter, number density, and spatial distribution of flow rate. Using image processing method, the distributions of size and velocity of droplets of a single spray and twin spray were measured and compared to investigate the overlapping effect of two identical sprays. Comparing experimental results from a twin-spray with those from two-single sprays shows that the flow rate distribution of the twin-spray was concentrated around the midst of the overlapping region of two sprays. In this region, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) did not change much in the twin spray from 6032 nozzles, but it was smaller by 10 micrometers in the twin-spray than two-single sprays from 60063 nozzles. In spite of large difference in Weber numbers of the colliding sprays between the 60063 and 6032 nozzles, the phenomena did not have a big change in the overlapping region of twin spray. This shows that in the collision between droplets from two single spray in the overlapping region to cause the disruption of droplets, the size distribution of spray droplets was also important as well as Weber number.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2004

해상교량건설 현장의 육상구간에서 예기치 않게 발견된 단층파쇄대에 시공된 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 선단지지력을 확인하기 위하여 양방향 선단재하시험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 단층파쇄대에 시공된 대구경 현장타설말뚝에 재하시험을 실시하여 단층파쇄대에서의 선단지지력을 확인하고, 그 후 말뚝 선단 하부지반에 보강 그라우팅을 실시하여 선단보강에 의한 선단지지력 증가효과를 확인하는 것이다. 선단보강 그라우팅 후 선단지지력은 2배 이상 증가하였으며 보강전 보다 선단의 침하량이 현저하게 줄어드는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.277-284
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• 2000

Using the large diameter (D ＝ 2,500mm, L ＝ 40m) batter steel pipe piles, designed as compression piles but used as reaction piles during the static compression load test of socketed test piles (D ＝ 1,000mm, L ＝ 40m), static pile load tests for large diameter instrumented rock-socketed piles were performed. The reaction steel pipe piles were driven 20m into the marine deposit and weathered rock layer and then l0m socketed with reinforced concrete through the weathered rock layer and into hard rock layer. Steel pipe and concrete in the steel pile part, and concrete and rebars in the socketed parts were instrumented to measure strains in each part. The pullout amounts of reaction pile heads were also measured with LVDT. During the static pile load test, total compressional load of about 20MN was loaded on the head of test piles, but load above 20MN was not loaded due to lack of loading capacity of loading system. Over the course of the study, maximum pullout amount up to 7mm was measured in the heads of reaction piles when loaded op to 10MN and 1mm of pullout amount was measured. More than 85% of pullout load was transfered in the residual weathered rock layer and about 10% in the soft rock layer, which was somewhat different transfer mechanism in the static compressional load tests.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2000

This paper describes the macroscopic behavior and atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline injector in direct-injection gasoline engine. The global spray behavior of fuel injector was visualized by shadowgraph technique. The atomization characteristics of gasoline spray such as mean diameter and mean velocity of droplet were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer system. In order to obtain the influence of fuel injection pressure, the macroscopic visualization and experiment of particle measurement on the fuel spray were investigated at 3,5 and 7 MPa of injection pressure under different surrounding pressure in the spray chamber. The results of this work show that the fuel injection pressure of gasoline injector in GDl engine has influence upon the mean droplet diameter, mean velocity of spray droplet, the spray tip penetration, and spray width under the elevated ambient pressure.