• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1069-1074
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• 2009

Peritoneal dialysis is a preferred modality of replacement therapy in children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease waiting for kidney transplantation. Recent development of pediatric swan-neck catheters with cuffs, novel dialysis solutions, and cyclers for automated peritoneal dialysis enabled more flexible prescriptions of dialysis with less complication, and improved patients' activities as well as the dialysis adequacy. Principles and practical issues of chronic peritoneal dialysis in children and adolescents are reviewed and utility of a web-based Korean Pediatric CRF Registry is explained.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.27-30
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• 2001

For the development of a large-scale dialysis process for silk fibroin solution, a batch and continuous dialysis chamber was designed and built, which are to be used as a unit module for the process. A series of dialysis experiments were carried out to estimate the kinetic parameters for dialysis using the solutions of salt-solubilized silk fibroin. The solution was dialyzed by distilled water either batch-wise or continuously. Dialysis kinetics was monitored by measuring refractometery at high salt concentration and conductivity at lower salt concentration. The apparent dialysis coefficients were $5.4g/m^2-hr$ and $1.8g/m^2-hr$, for well mixed batch and continuous dialysis, respectively. The alteration of molecular weight distribution of dialyzed silk fibroin solution was monitored.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to compare physical symptoms and fatigue of hemodialysis patients on dialysis day and non-dialysis day. Methods: Data were collected from 63 outpatients undergoing hemodialysis at a hospital in A university hospital in August and September, 2008 using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 12.0 program with Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results: Physical symptoms in patients between dialysis day and non-dialysis day were not different statistically (t=1.76, p=.08). Fatigue on dialysis day was higher than on non-dialysis day (t=3.27, p=.00). Physical symptoms and fatigue positively correlated with dialysis day (r=.42, p=.00) and non-dialysis day (r=.52, p=.00). Conclusion: Intervention to decrease physical symptoms and fatigue in dialysis day and non-dialysis day should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2005

To investigate the physical properties of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) alginates, extracted by the Mexican process, the effects of extracting time and drying methods on intrinsic viscosities, MWs and DPs of alginates were examined. The MWs of alginates before and after dialysis decreased with increase of extracting time. The MW s before dialysis were lower than those after dialysis. The ash contents before dialysis decreased with increase of extracting time. After dialysis the ash contents of the alginates showed 10.4-10.9% of those, which were little affected by extracting time. In the ash composition after dialysis, the sodium content was 4.4 g/100 g, $90\%$ of total ash content. The ash contents, the intrinsic viscosities, the average molecular weight and the DPs of the alginates dried by AD before dialysis were higher than those by VF. The ash and uronic acid contents of alginates after dialysis showed $10.6-10.9\%\;and\l88.1-88.9\%$, respectively. But the intrinsic viscosities, the MWs and DPs of the alginates after dialysis gradually decreased by following dry methods. The decreased order was ADAD, ADVF, VFAD, VFVF. The coefficient of determination between MWs and DPs in the alginates having more than 300 kDa was 0.999.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.597-606
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to describe the uncertainty, depression, physical symptom, and family support among patients undergoing dialysis. Further, the factors that impact uncertainty were also examined. Methods: A convenience sample of 145 patients who received dialysis was selected. A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The patient who received more than five years of dialysis reported higher levels on inconsistency of uncertainty than patient with less than five years. These latter patients' reported uncertainty was positively correlated with depression, whereas, patients family support was correlated with uncertainty. The group's uncertainty with less than five years of dialysis explained about 13% of the variance. In contrast, variables of education level, family support, and monthly income were predictors of uncertainty and explained 33% of the variation. Conclusion: These results can provide for nursing intervention to facilitate reduction of uncertainty. To provide dialysis period-sensitive nursing intervention for uncertainty among dialysis patient, depression should be considered below five years. While factors such as education level, family support, and monthly income should be taken into account over five years.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.451-462
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine and compare the characteristics in the cognitive functions of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and normal kidney function groups as basic data for effectively educating dialysis patients. The data were collected from May 10 to October 30. 2000, collected from each of 20 patients with peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and normal Kidney function and who registered for the dialysis room at a general hospital affiliated to a university in Seoul and sampled by age and educational level through personal interviews with the researchers of this study. As a measuring tool, MMSE developed by Folstein et al.(1975) to measure cognitive function disorder was used, slightly revised for hemodialysis patients. Collected data were processed into frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation by the use of SAS. The results of this study are as follows : 1. With a maximum of 30 points for cognitive function, the mean of the peritoneal dialysis patients was $27.06{\pm}2.06$, while that of the hemodialysis patients was $27.25{\pm}2.76$; that of the normal Kidney function patients was $27.85{\pm}2.00$, indicating no significant difference among those three groups. 2. As for the subjects who scored 23 points, the turning point of confirming the cognitive disorder, the percentage was 5% in the case of the peritoneal dialysis, 10% in the case of the hemodialysis and 5% in the case of the normal Kidney function group. 3. Differences between the peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients by gender, occupation, spouse, diabetes, hypertension, the period of dialysis, number of hospitalizations, and the use of erythropoietin were not significant in the scoring of cognitive function. 4. There was no significant correlation between the level of Hb, Hct, albumin, aluminium, PTH, BUN, Cr, dialysis adequacy and the cognitive function. Considering such results, it is clear that there is no significant difference in the cognitive functions of the sampled subjects. Therefore, the nurse in the dialysis room should continually carry out assessment and intervention against elements degrading the effect of patients' education to improve self- care.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

In preparing sodium alginates from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) powder using the Mexican process, alkaline extraction, conversion to alginic acid and reversion to sodium alginates were used to increase purity. The effect of hot water treatment and dialysis on measuring the average molecular weight of sodium alginates were investigated. Intrinsic viscosity and average molecular weight of sodium alginates after dialysis were higher than those before dialysis. Average molecular weight of sodium alginates treated with hot water was higher than that without. Hot treatment has little effect on the ash content of sodium alginates. Ash content of sodium alginates before dialysis were $27-30\%$ those after dialysis were $10\%.$ After dialysis, Na content was highest $(89-91\%),$ K was $11-12\%,$ Ca was $1.9\%,$ and Mg was $0.05\%.$ Ash content of alginates had little effect on average molecular weight. SAV (slope of apparent viscosity) of alginates solution after dialysis showed higher values than before. SAV of the alginates with hot water treatment were higher than without treatment.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Purpose: The increase in patients requiring hemodialysis has resulted in an increase dialysis-associated infections risk. but there are no Renal Dialysis unit design standard meet specified safety and quality standards. Therefore, appropriate Establish standards and legal regulation is important for the provision of initial certification and maintenance of facility, equipment, and human resource quality. Methods: Literature survey on the design guideline and standards of Renal Dialysis unit design in Korea, U.S, Germany, Singapore, Hongkong, Dubai. Results: There are no established standards for facilities in dialysis units in Korea. To prevent infections in dialysis patients, necessary establish standards. Considering the domestic and overseas Health-care facilities standards, the major factors to be considered in the medical environment for Renal Dialysis Unit are as follows. First, planning to separate Clean areas(treatment area) from contaminated areas(medical waste storage area). Second, ensure sufficient space and minimum separation distance. Although there may be differences depending on the circumstances of individual institutions, renal dialysis unit consider the space to prevent droplet transmission. Third, secure infrastructure of infection prevention such as sufficient amount of hand hygiene sinks. Hand washing facilities for staff within the Unit should be readily available. Hand hygiene sinks should be located to prevent water from splashing into the treatment area. Fourth, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system for Renal Dialysis Unit is all about providing a safer environment for patients and staff. Implications: The results of this paper can be the basic data for the design of the Renal Dialysis Units and relevant regulations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.220-230
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was a cross-sectional study comparing differences in self-management knowledge, self-management, physiologic indexes, and symptoms experience for two methods of dialysis. Methods: Participants were 90 patients on hemodialysis and 91 on peritoneal dialysis at A hospital. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups for knowledge of self-management. A comparison of the categories in the evaluation of self-management showed that patients in the peritoneal dialysis group took better care of their dialysis access route (F=17.61, p<.001) and dialysis schedule (F=4.30, p=.040). The physiologic indexes between the two dialysis groups showed that hemoglobin levels were higher in the hemodialysis group (F=5.28, p=.023). The product of serum calcium and phosphate was higher in the peritoneal dialysis group (F=11.42, p=.001). Serum sodium level was also higher in the peritoneal dialysis group (t=5.36, p<.001) while serum albumin level (t=-3.36, p=.001) and mean arterial blood pressure (t=-2.50, p=.013) were higher in hemodialysis patients. There were no significant differences in the proportion of uncomfortable experiences between the two groups. Conclusion: Medical personnel should consider differences in self-management knowledge/self-management, physiologic indexes, and symptoms experience for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis populations, and should provide adequate education accordingly and promote behavioral change to improve physiologic indexes and reduce symptoms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2012

Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are at risk for protein-energy malnutrition because of nutrient losses during dialysis. This study determined the nutritional status of patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Forty-four patients receiving CAPD were divided into two groups according to dialysis period. We investigated the nutritional status of the patients by measuring anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as food intake, self-appetite, dietary habits, a subjective global assessment, and a total nutritional status assessment. Group I subjects (7 males, 13 females) had received dialysis for < 2 years, whereas the group II subjects (18 males, 6 females) received dialysis for ${\geq}$ 2 years. Energy intake with added dextrose in the dialysate per kg of body weight was $30.3{\pm}5.8$ kcal in group I and $29.0{\pm}8.1$ kcal in group II. The average protein intake per kg of weight was $1.0{\pm}0.3$ g in group I and $1.0{\pm}0.4$ g in group II, which were less than the recommended protein intake for patients undergoing CAPD (1.2-1.5 g/kg). Mean serum albumin level was significantly lower in group II than that in group I (p < 0.05). A recent self-appetite score was significantly higher in group II than that in group I (p < 0.01). The dietary habits score was significantly lower in group II than that in group I (p < 0.05). The subjective global assessment was significantly higher in group I (85.0%) than that in group II (54.2%) under normal nutrition status (p < 0.05). The dialysis period was significantly and negatively correlated with the subjective global assessment (r = -0.502, p < 0.01) and the total nutritional status assessment (r = -0.575, p < 0.01). These results demonstrated that patients undergoing CAPD for ${\geq}$ 2 years had worse nutritional status than those who had been undergoing dialysis for < 2 years. Good nutritional status can predict the long-term survival of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Additionally, the exact evaluation of nutritional status before 2 years will be important to maintain long-term dialysis therapy in patients undergoing CAPD.