• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.116-127
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• 2021

목적 간 섬유화 단계 평가를 위한 회색조 초음파 영상 기반 텍스처 분석 측정 변수들의 진단적 유용성에 대해 평가한다. 대상과 방법 간 회색조 초음파 검사를 시행한 총 167명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 텍스처 분석은 한 명의 의사가 전용 소프트웨어를 이용하여 시행하였으며 3, 5, 6, 7, 8번 간 분절에 20픽셀에 해당하는 원형 관심 영역을 지정하여 측정하였다. 간 섬유화 정도에 대한 표준 품으로는 fibrosis-4 (이하 FIB-4 index)를 사용하였다. 산출된 텍스처 변수들과 간의 섬유화 정도의 비교는 t-검정과 Mann-Whitney U 검정을 사용하였으며, 진단적으로 유의한 변수들에 대하여 수신자 운영 특성 곡선의 곡선 하 면적(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve)으로 진단능을 평가하였다. 결과 연구에 포함된 환자는 정상군(FIB-4 < 1.45, n = 50), 경도(1.45 ≤ FIB-4 ≤ 2.35, n = 37), 중등도(2.35 < FIB-4 ≤ 3.25, n = 27)와 중증 간 섬유화군(FIB-4 > 3.25, n = 53)으로 구분되었다. 간의 5번 분절에서 왜도는 정상군과 경도군 사이에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(각각 0.2392 ± 0.3361, 0.4134 ± 0.3004, p = 0.0109). 정상군과 경도군을 구별하기 위한 왜도의 곡선 하 면적은 0.660 (95% confidence interval, 0.551-0.758) 이었으며, 추정 정확도, 민감도, 특이도는 각각 64%, 87%, 48%로 산출되었다. 결론 왜도는 5번 간 분절에서 정상군과 경도 섬유화군을 구분하는 데 유의한 차이를 보였다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2016

Objectives : There is a need to develop a data quality management algorithm to improve the quality of healthcare data using a data quality management system. In this study, we developed a data quality control algorithms associated with diseases related to hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods : To make a data quality algorithm, we extracted the 2011 and 2012 discharge damage survey data from diabetes mellitus patients. Derived variables were created using the primary diagnosis, diagnostic unit, primary surgery and treatment, minor surgery and treatment items. Results : Significant factors in diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension were sex, age, ischemic heart disease, and diagnostic ultrasound of the heart. Depending on the decision tree results, we found four groups with extreme values for diabetes accompanying hypertension patients. Conclusions : There is a need to check the actual data contained in the Outlier (extreme value) groups to improve the quality of the data.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3179-3183
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of study was to evaluate radiologic or clinical features of breast cancer undergoing ultrasound (US)-guided 14G core needle biopsy (CNB) and analyze the differences between underestimated and accurately diagnosed groups. Materials and Methods: Of 1,898 cases of US-guided 14G CNB in our institute, 233 cases were proven to be cancer by surgical pathology. The pathologic results from CNB were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (n=157), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n=40), high-risk lesions in 22 cases, and benign in 14 cases. Among high-risk lesions, 7 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) were reported as cancer and 11 cases of DCIS were proven IDC in surgical pathology. Some 29 DCIS cases and 157 cases of IDC were correctly diagnosed with CNB. The clinical and imaging features between underestimated and accurately diagnosed breast cancers were compared. Results: Of 233 cancer cases, underestimation occurred in 18 lesions (7.7%). Among underestimated cancers, CNB proven ADH (n=2) and DCIS (n=11) were diagnosed as IDC and CNB proven ADH (n=5) were diagnosed at DCIS finally. Among the 186 accurately diagnosed group, the CNB results were IDC (n=157) and DCIS (n=29). Comparison of underestimated and accurately diagnosed groups for BI-RADS category, margin of mass on mammography and US and orientation of lesion on US revealed statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Underestimation of US-guided 14G CNB occurred in 7.7% of breast cancers. Between underestimated and correctly diagnosed groups, BI-RADS category, margin of the mass on mammography and margin and orientation of the lesions on US were different.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

Purpose: To assess the internal echo intensity and morphological variability of masseter muscles on ultrasonography and to establish diagnostic criterion of estimation. Materials and Methods: Participants consisted of 50 young adults (male 25, female 25) without pathologic conditions and with full natural dentitions. Sonographic examinations were done with real time ultrasound equipment as Logiq 500 (GE Medical Systems, Seoul, Korea) at 3 parts according to lines paralleling with ala-tragus line as reference line. The thickness and area of masseter muscles according to reference line in cross-sectional images were measured at rest and at maximum contraction. The visibility and width of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified into 4 types. Data were statistically analyzed by paired t-test and $x^2$-test. Results: 1. When comparing the thickness and area of masseter muscles concerning with gender, there was few significant difference between right and left sides, however, there were significant differences between males and females except for the greatest thickness of left side. 2. The changes of the greatest thickness and the area between rest and maximum contraction showed that the part of the least thickness manifested more increase at maximum contraction. 3. Each part the manifestations of the internal echogenic intensity of the masseter muscles were different depending on the locations. But there was no statistically significance. Conclusion: Changes of muscles thickness with contraction and internal echogenic intensity with locations showed great disparity within the masseter muscles, which will be diagnostic criteria for pathophysiologic and anatomic changes of masseter muscles.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2018

Background: Respiratory troubles have economic impacts in countries where livestock industry is an important segment of the agricultural sector, as well as these problems may cause significant economic losses for bovine producers. Various practical methods are used to assess diseases that affect the bovine respiratory system. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in diagnosis of various animal diseases. The present study was designed to establish whether thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for detection of respiratory troubles in weaned buffalo and cattle calves, as well as to assess its prognostic value in comparison with clinical respiratory scores. Thirty five (15 buffalo and 20 cattle) calves were included. Twelve (6 buffalo and 6 cattle) clinically healthy calves were enrolled as controls. Results: Based on physical examinations, clinical respiratory scores (CRS), ultrasound lung scores (ULS) and postmortem findings, animals were classified into 4 groups as pulmonary emphysema (n = 8), interstitial pulmonary syndrome (n = 7), bronchopneumonia (n = 12), and pleurisy (n = 8). The mean values of CRS and ULS were significantly higher in diseased calves (P < 0.01). In calves with pulmonary emphysema and interstitial syndrome, thoracic ultrasonography revealed numerous comet-tail artifacts, which varied in numbers and imaging features. Furthermore, variable degrees of pulmonary consolidation with alveolograms and bronchograms were noticed in bronchopneumonic calves. In addition, thick irregular or fragmented pleura with pleural effusions and fibrin shreds were imaged in calves with pleurisy. A weak correlation was calculated between CRS and ULS (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Hematologically, the counts of white blood cells, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and partial tensions of carbon dioxide were significantly increased in all diseased groups. Serum concentrations of total globulins were higher in claves with bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). The partial tension of oxygen was decreased in all diseased calves (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for various lung troubles and assessment the grade and severity of pulmonary diseases, as well as it can be used as a follow-up tool for evaluating the prognosis of respiratory troubles and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

Purpose: To assess parent perspectives of the current and potential future tests for their child with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: New Zealand parents of a child with IBD were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. Experiences relating to their child's blood or faecal tests, medical imaging (abdominal ultrasound [US], abdominal computerised tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance enterography) and colonoscopy were collected. Perceived attitudes to potential future testing of urine, saliva, and breath, were sought. Results: Twenty-eight parents, 93% female completed the survey, and 86% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Baseline information was provided by parents for 27 of 28 children, 70.3% had Crohn's disease with a mean disease duration of 2.67 years. Blood tests were the most requested and completed tests, while CT was the least ordered and most refused test. Colonoscopy was rated as the least comfortable and generated the most worry. Explanation of test significantly improved parent's levels of understanding when their child had blood, faecal, imaging (US) or colonoscopy tests. Providing an explanation, test invasiveness and the impact of the blood results may have on their child's treatment significantly improved parents' comfort levels. However, explanation of colonoscopy generated a significant parental concerns. Saliva, urine and blood tests were chosen as the most preferred disease monitoring tests. Conclusion: Parents preferred any tests less invasive than colonoscopy for monitoring their child's IBD. Although providing explanation of their child's tests enhanced parents' understanding, it can also affect parents' levels of concern and comfort.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

The epidemiology of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) in Asia has been clarified through epidemiological studies, including one conducted in Japan, and subsequently another in South Korea. As endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has become more widely accessible, endoscopic ultrasound-fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been performed in pancreatic tumors for which the clinical course was only monitored previously. This has enabled accurate diagnosis of pancreatic tumors based on the 2010 WHO classification; as a result, the number of patients with an accurate diagnosis has increased. Although surgery has been the standard therapy for PNENs, new treatment options have become available in Japan for the treatment of advanced or inoperable PNENs; of particular note is the recent introduction of molecular target drugs (such as everolimus and sunitinib) and streptozocin. Treatment for progressive PNENs needs to be selected for each patient with consideration of the performance status, degree of tumor differentiation, tumor mass, and proliferation rate. Somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-2 is expressed in many patients with neuroendocrine tumor. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), which can visualize SSTR-2 expression, has been approved in Japan. The SRS will be a useful diagnostic tool for locating neuroendocrine neoplasms, detecting distant metastasis, and evaluating therapy outcomes. In this manuscript, we review the latest diagnostic methods and treatments for PNENs.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of infrared thermography in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome by comparing with electrodiagnostic and ultrasonographic findings. Method: From January 2014 to October 2017, electrodiagnosis, ultrasound, and digital infrared thermal image (DITI) of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed in a single hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects with bilateral symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, thyroid disease, fibromyalgia, rheumatic disease, systemic infection, inflammation, malignant tumor, and other musculoskeletal disorders such as finger osteoarthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cervical radiculopathy, and the previous history of surgery were excluded. Results: Of 53 patients diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, 11 were male and 42 were female. The visual analogue scale was 4.9 ± 1.9, and the duration of symptom was 11.8 ± 12.5 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the body surface temperature between the unaffected and affected sides. The severity of symptoms, electrodiagnostic findings, and cross-sectional area of the median nerve significantly correlates to each other. The temperature difference between the second fingers of the affected and unaffected sides showed a weak correlation with the amplitude of sensory nerve action potential and onset latency of compound muscle action potential, when there was no significant correlation with the other parameters. Conclusion: The difference in temperature on the surface of the body, which can be confirmed by DITI, is little diagnostic value when DITI is performed in unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome patients, especially when compared with ultrasonography.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2009

혈관협착의 혈류 정보와 초음파 진단장비의 품질보증을 위한 혈관협착 팬텀을 자동 주입기를 이용하여 제작하였다. 혈관협착의 진단에 효율성이 높은 파워 도플러를 이용하여 제작된 혈관 협착 팬텀의 유용성을 조사하고, 초음파 영상 파라메타에 따른 혈관협착의 정도를 확인하였다. 혈관 협착 팬텀은 직경이 각각 8mm와 2.4mm인 실리콘 튜브로 혈관협착이 70%가 되도록 제작하였으며, 인체 조직과 유사한 음향 특성을 가지고 있는 젤라틴을 이용하여 실리콘 튜브를 감싸 주었다. 평면형 탐촉자를 이용하여 측정하였을 때 정상 혈관의 직경은 대체적으로 감소되어 측정 되었으며, 협착 혈관의 직경은 증가되어 측정되었다. 이득이 60% 이상, PRF가 3000Hz 이상, 필터가 max와 같은 급격한 변화를 제외하고는 각각의 파라메타에 크게 영향을 받지 않았으며, 각도에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 곡면형 탐촉자를 이용할 경우 이득, PRF, 필터, 각도등에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제작된 자동주입기를 이용한 혈관 협착 팬텀은 혈관 협착 진단의 품질보증에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.52.1-52.10
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• 2024

Importance: Kidney disease is prevalent among veterinary species, including zoo animals; however, investigations into this condition in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are scarce. Diagnostic tools for kidney diseases in this species also remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to assess the utility of symmetric dimethylarginine as a biomarker for kidney disease in captive striped skunks in Korea. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 11 striped skunks housed at the Everland Zoo between 2017 and 2021. Blood samples were collected during health checks. Kidney function was assessed through blood analysis and diagnostic ultrasound, with necropsies conducted on deceased animals. Symmetric dimethylarginine levels were measured in 27 plasma samples collected from 11 skunks. Results: Over the study period, seven skunks were diagnosed with kidney disease. Analysis of 27 blood samples revealed a concurrent increase in SDMA levels with concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine. In 3 of the 7 skunks with kidney disease, symmetric dimethylarginine exceeded 14 ㎍/dL prior to the elevation of blood urea nitrogen and blood creatinine above the upper reference limit. Conclusions and Relevance: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating symmetric dimethylarginine in captive striped skunks in Korea. Our findings suggest that symmetric dimethylarginine may serve as an early and consistent biomarker for renal dysfunction in striped skunks. Further studies with larger clinical sample size from striped skunks are needed to validate the clinical utility of blood symmetric dimethylarginine concentration.