• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to assess public and private medical diagnostic laboratories in Nigeria for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and measures. Methods: A total of 80 diagnostic laboratories in biosafety level 3 were assessed for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and compliance rate with biosafety practices. A detailed questionnaire and checklist was used to obtain the relevant information from enlisted laboratories. Results: The results showed the presence of an isolated unit for microbiological work, leak-proof working benches, self-closing doors, emergency exits, fire extinguisher(s), autoclaves, and hand washing sinks in 21.3%, 71.3%, 15.0%, 1.3%, 11.3%, 82.5%, and 67.5%, respectively, of all laboratories surveyed. It was observed that public diagnostic laboratories were significantly more likely to have an isolated unit for microbiological work (p = 0.001), hand washing sink (p = 0.003), and an autoclave ($p{\leq}0.001$) than private ones. Routine use of hand gloves, biosafety cabinet, and a first aid box was observed in 35.0%, 20.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, of all laboratories examined. Written standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, and biohazard signs on door entrances were observed in 6.3%, 1.3%, and 3.8%, respectively, of all audited laboratories. No biosafety officer(s) or records of previous spills, or injuries and accidents, were observed in all diagnostic laboratories studied. Conclusion: In all laboratories (public and private) surveyed, marked deficiencies were observed in the area of administrative control responsible for implementing biosafety. Increased emphasis on provision of biosafety devices and compliance with standard codes of practices issued by relevant authorities is strongly advocated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2017

Calf diarrhea is a disease experienced by almost all of calves after birth and is one of the representative causes of damage to farmers due to mass mortality and of economic losses to them by inhibiting normal growth. In this study, we conducted quick detection of etiologic agents of diarrhea by using a rapid diagnostic kit to multiply diagnose antigens of five etiologic agents of calf diarrhea (rotavirus, coronavirus, Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, Giardia) in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) calves. When the positive antigen proportion of the calf diarrheal feces for each farm was analyzed, rotavirus, coronavirus, Escherichia coli, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia showed antigen positive rates of 0~67%, 0~20%, 0~60%, 0~20%, and 0~67%, respectively. With regard to the antigen positive rate by age in days after birth, 1-week-old calves showed the antigen positive rate of 20% in rotavirus and 20% in Giardia, and 2-week-old calves showed that of 50% in rotavirus. In addition, 4-week-old calves showed the antigen positive rate of 10% in rotavirus, 10% in coronavirus, 10% in Escherichia coli, and 30% in Giardia, and 8-week-old calves showed the antigen positive rate of 17% in coronavirus, 50% in Escherichia coli, 17% in Cryptosporidium, and 33% in Giardia. Based on the results of this study, the etiologic agents of diarrhea in Hanwoo calves for each farm are widely distributed. Although younger than 2-week-old calves were strongly positive for rotavirus, older than 4-week-old calves were highly positive for Giardia and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, we considered that a rapid diagnostic kit is an effective method for quick detection of etiologic agents and would be helpful for cattle farmers and veterinarians to select appropriate therapeutic method.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 2014

Objectives This study was performed to make a short-form of Sasang Constitution Questionnaire for Patient(SSCQ-P). Methods In order to select important questions of SSCQ-P, we got advice from 10 professors of Oriental Medicine. As a result, we chose 37 questions. In addition, we selected 69 questions which had been used more than 12 times in SSCQ-P as the variable. We used some statistical methods to reduce questions. Finally, a total of 40 questions were selected. To find diagnostic accuracy rate of this short-form, discriminant analysis was performed. We used 1378 cases which was collect ed from February 2008 to June 2013 by online system(Sasang-medi data which has selected by web site, http://www.sasangmedi.or.kr), and 68 cases which was collected from November 2006 to September 2007 by the research "Construction of a biological information collection system for the Constitutional scientific diagnosis"(Korea Constitutional Multicenter Bank data, KCMB data) Results We made a short-form of SSCQ-P consisting of 40 questions. Diagnostic accuracy rate of short-form is 66.18% using Sasang-medi data, and 42.65% using KCMB data. Conclusions More cases are needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate of this short-form.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.755-760
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• 2021

In this study, the shielding rate of major X-ray protective equipment used in the medical environment was calculated using X-ray spectrum data emitted from the diagnostic X-ray generator of The Institute of Physics and Engineering(IPEM) Report-78, and the applicability of radiation protection was investigated. Radiation shielding rates were calculated through reduction rates of air-kerma and total intensity for lead apron (0.3 mmPb), thyroid shield (0.5 mmPb), lead goggles (0.5 mmPb), and lead glass (1.8, 2.7, 3.3 mmPb) used for diagnostic X-ray protection. As a result, the shielding rate calculated as the air kerma reduction rate ranged from 96.31 to 100% at 80 kV, and 90.35 to 100% at 120 kV. In addition, the results of this calculation were well matched with the results of previous studies measuring the actual shielding rate, and it is expected that the X-ray spectrum data of IPEM Report-78 can be used for radiation protection.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.635-643
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• 2021

The results of empirical researches on the diagnosis of lung cancer are insufficient, so it is limited to objectively judge the clinical possibility and utilization according to the accuracy of diagnosis. Thus, this study retrospectively analyzed the lung cancer diagnostic performance of PET-MRI (Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) by using the decision matrix. This study selected and experimented total 165 patients who received both hematological CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) test and hybrid PET-MRI (¹⁸F-FDG, 5.18 MBq/kg / Body TIM coil. VIVE-Dixon). After setting up the result of CEA (positive:>4 ㎍/ℓ. negative:<2.5㎍/ℓ) as golden data, the lung cancer was found in the image of PET-MRI, and then the SUV_max (positive:>4, negative:<1.5) was measured, and then evaluated the correlation and significance of results of relative diagnostic performance of PET-MRI compared to CEA through the statistical verification (t-test, P>0.05). Through this, the PET-MRI was analyzed as 96.29% of sensitivity, 95.23% of specificity, 3.70% of false negative rate, 4.76% of false positive rate, and 95.75% of accuracy. The false negative rate was 1.06% lower than the false positive rate. The PET-MRI that significant accuracy of diagnosis through high sensitivity and specificity, and low false negative rate and false positive rate of lung cancer, could acquire the fusion image of specialized soft tissue by combining the radio-pharmaceuticals with various sequences, so its clinical value and usefulness are regarded as latently sufficient.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2000

It is our purpose to evaluate the validity & interrater reliability of CIDI-social phobia, Korean Version. Method : CIDI-Social phobia Korean Version was evaluated by 50 Korean social phobia patients who met diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. The authors calculated diagnostic concordance rate between clinical diagnosis & diagnosis by using the CIDI-social phobia Korean Version for evaluating validity. We also calculated the interrater diagnostic concordance of 20 social phobia patients for evaluating interrater reliability. Results : Validity of the CIDI-social phobia Korean Version was 0.74, & Interrater reliability(kappa) was 0.75. Conclusions : CIDI-Social phobia, Korean version had a good reliability & validity. That was proved a good instrument for diagnosing social phobia for general population and clinical patients

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.159-163
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• 1998

Percutaneous nephrostomy was performed using 18 guage pucture needle under ultrasonic guidance in 58 patients, 98 cases with hydronephrosis (bilateral; 15 cases, repeat nephrostomy; 25 cases). The causes of the hydronephrosis were malignancy(33 patients, 65 cases), benign diseases(18 patients, 25 cases), and unknown causes(7 patients, 8 cases). Successful nephrostomy was achieved in a11 cases. Major complication was not found, but seven(7.1%) minor complications, such as gross hematuria(four cases), perirenal urine leakage(two cases), and fever(one cases) were developed. The complication rate in our study was similar to that of other studies using 21 guage puncture needle. In conclusion, we think that the percutaneous nephrostomy using 18 guage puncture needle is a simple, safe, and cost and time effective procedure and it can replace the method using 21 guage puncture needle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

This study describes pathological, immunohistochemical, and bacteriological findings in adult dogs and fetuses naturally infected with Brucella (B.) canis. A total of 42 dogs including 40 dogs and 2 aborted fetuses were examined. The most common gross lesions in infected dogs were swelling of lymph nodes and spleen. The testes showed marked swelling with multifocal to diffuse reddish discoloration. The most significant histopathological lesions were observed in the placenta. Placental trophoblasts were markedly hypertrophied due to the accumulation of intra-cellular gram-negative bacteria. Lymphocytic inflammation of varying severity was observed in the reproductive organs such as male testis, epididymis, and prostate gland and female uterus. Strong immunolabelling was observed in the cytoplasm of most trophoblasts in the placental tissues using immunohistochemistry. However, immunohistochemical staining did not demonstrate any organisms in other organs of dogs and fetuses. B. canis isolates were most frequently obtained from the whole blood (82.5%) and superficial inguinal lymph node (77.5%) in both sexes. In addition, the isolation rate was higher in male genital organs than in those of females. Hence, management of male dogs is most important because infected dogs can play a role as carriers.

• Journal of Gynecologic Oncology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.98.1-98.13
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• 2018

Objective: We describe a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of ${18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}F-FDG$) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting metastasis in ovarian cancer. Methods: MEDLINE and Embase were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies that used $^{18}F-FDG$ PET or PET/CT for pre-treatment staging, using surgical findings as the reference standard. Sensitivities and specificities were pooled and plotted in a hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristic plot. Potential causes of heterogeneity were explored through sensitivity analyses. Results: Eight studies with 594 patients were included. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity for metastasis were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.61-0.81) and 0.93 (95% CI=0.85-0.97), respectively. There was considerable heterogeneity in sensitivity ($I^2=97.57%$) and specificity ($I^2=96.74%$). In sensitivity analyses, studies that used laparotomy as the reference standard showed significantly higher sensitivity and specificity (0.77; 95% CI=0.67-0.87 and 0.96; 95% CI=0.92-0.99, respectively) than those including diagnostic laparoscopy (0.62; 95% CI=0.46-0.77 and 0.84; 95% CI=0.69-0.99, respectively). Higher specificity was shown in studies that confirmed surgical findings by pathologic evaluation (0.95; 95% CI=0.90-0.99) than in a study without pathologic confirmation (0.69; 95% CI=0.24-1.00). Studies with a lower prevalence of the FDG-avid subtype showed higher specificity (0.97; 95% CI=0.94-1.00) than those with a greater prevalence (0.89; 95% CI=0.80-0.97). Conclusion: Pre-treatment $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT shows moderate sensitivity and high specificity for detecting metastasis in ovarian cancer. With its low false-positive rate, it can help select surgical approaches or alternative treatment options.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2001

Objective: To evaluate the biodurability of the covering material in retrievable metallic stents covered with polycarbonate polyurethane. Materials and Methods: Using a peristaltic pump at a constant rate of 1ml/min, bile was recirculated from a reservoir through a long tube containing four stents. Each of these was removed from the system every two weeks and a radial tensile strength test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Each stent, removed at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, was compared with a control stent not exposed to bile juice. Results: Gross examination showed that stents were intact at 2 weeks, but at 4, 6 and 8 weeks cracks were observed. The size of these increased gradually in accordance with the duration of exposure, and at 8 weeks several large holes in the polyurethane membrane were evident. With regard to radial tensile strength, extension and peak load at break were 84.47% and 10.030 N/mm, 54.90% and 6.769 N/mm, 16.55% and 2.452 N/mm, 11.21% and 1.373 N/mm at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy at 2 weeks revealed intermittent pitting and cracking, and examination at 4, 6 and 8 weeks showed that the size of these defects was gradually increasing. Conclusion: When the polyurethane membrane was exposed to bile, biodegradation was first observed at week two and increased gradually according to the duration of exposure.