• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.170-186
• /
• 2001

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has newly evolved by the mechanical improvement of the machine over past several years, becoming a part of imaging techniques for the evaluation of variable diseases in the musculoskeletal system. MSUS has proven diagnostic superiority in pathologies including rotator cuff disease of the shoulder, lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, diseases of the peripheral nerve, detection of intra-articular loose bodies and soft tissue foreign bodies, and in evaluating small superficial soft tissue tumors such as ganglion, epidermoid cyst, and glomus tumor. Besides, MSUS is very useful for obtaining tissue or fluid via percutaneous fine needle aspiration and/or biopsy for the histopathologic diagnosis. Combining MSUS with MR would play a great role in the field of the diagnostic imaging of the musculoskeletal system. The MSUS examiner should have the knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy, and of the mechanical and physical properties of ultrasound in order to interpret the ultrasound findings accurately and properly, and to avoid diagnostic errors due to variable artifacts subsequently. The goal of this article is to introduce the capabilities of MSUS in certain kinds of clinical situation and to familiarize the reader with MSUS. For the purpose, author intends to describe this article according not to the disease-, or organ-based, but to the clinical problem-based format.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 수학 학습 과정에서 빈번하게 유발되는 학습자의 오류를 교사들이 간편하고 정확하게 진단하고 처방하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 교사용 자료 개발의 필요성을 제안하고, 이를 통해 이 분야의 연구를 진작시키고자 한다 이를 위해 수학과 오개념 및 오류 관련 연구들을 종합 분석하여, 이를 토대로 교재개발의 첫 번째 단계라 할 수 있는 교재의 구성요소 및 체제를 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 교사용 교재의 구성 요소로 (1)오류 유형 및 유형별 빈도수, (2)오류 진단지, (3)오류 원인 (4)예방 아이디어 (5)지도 아이디어 (6)연습지 (7)성취도 검사지 등의 7가지를 추출하였으며, 각 요소별로 현재까지의 연구 상황 및 미래 연구 방향을 제안하고 있다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제59권8호
• /
• pp.1456-1463
• /
• 2010

The safety critical systems in nuclear power plants should be designed to have a high level of fault tolerant capability because those systems are used for protection or mitigation of the postulated accidents of nuclear reactor. Due to increasing of the system complexity of the digital based system in nuclear fields, the reliability of the digital based systems without an auto-test or a self-diagnostic feature is generally lower than those of analog system. To overcome this problem, additional redundant architectures in each redundant channel and self-diagnostic features are commonly integrated into the digital safety systems. The self diagnostic function is a key factor for increasing fault tolerant capabilities in the digital based safety system. This paper presents an availability and safety evaluation model to analyze the effect to the system's fault tolerant capabilities depending on self-diagnostic features when the loss or erroneous behaviors of self-diagnostic function are expected to occur. The analysis result of the proposed model on the several modules of a safety platform shows that the improvement effect on unavailability of each module has generally become smaller than the result of usage of conventional models and the unavailability itself has changed significantly depending on the characteristics of failures or errors of self-diagnostic function.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2019

골다공증 진단 시 대퇴부위와 요추부위에서 골다공증에 대한 진단의 일치율을 파악하여, 측정부위선정과 관련된 오류를 조사하고 올바른 골다공증 진단에 대한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 국민건강영양조사 원시자료 중 제5기 1,2차년도를 사용하여 50세 이상 남성 1,637명, 여자 2,128명을 대상으로 하였다. 요추 및 대퇴부의 골다공증 유무와 골다공증 의사진단여부와의 일치율을 파악하기 위해 kappa test를 사용하였다. 여자는 요추와 대퇴부 모두에서 골다공증 진단의 일치를 보였으며, 요추가 대퇴부보다 진단 일치율이 높았다. 남성은 요추에서만 골다공증 진단의 일치를 보였다. 골밀도는 연령증가에 따라 변화되고 부위에 따라 서로 차이가 있으므로 골밀도 측정시 요추와 대퇴골에서 모두 측정을 해야 하며, 특히 요추를 중심으로 진단을 하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 2002

Conventional intraoral radiography continues to be the most widely used image modality for the diagnosis of dental caries. But, conventional intraoral radiography has several shortcomings, including the difficulty of exposing and processing intraoral film of consistently acceptable quality. In addition, radiographic retaking that was the result of processing errors, may result in increased discomfort and radiation dose to the patient. Recently, various digital radiographies substitute for conventional intraoral radiography to overcome these disadvantages. The advantages of digital radiography are numerous. One of advantages Is the elimination of processing errors. In addition, the radiation dose for digital system is approximately 20% to 25% of that required for conventional intraoral radiography Another potential advantage of digital imaging is the ability to perform image quality enhancements such as contrast and density modulation, which may increase diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic ability of artificial proximal defects to conventional intraoral radiography, direct digital image(CDX2000HQ$^{\circledR}$) and indirect digital image(Digora$^{\circledR}$). Artificial defects were made in proximal surfaces of 60 extracted human molars using #1/2, #1, #2 round bur. Five dentists assessed proximal defects on conventional intraoral radiography, direct digital image(CDX2000HQ$^{\circledR}$) and indirect digital image(Digora$^{\circledR}$). ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis and Two-way ANOVA test were used for the evaluation of detectability, and following results were acquired. 1. The mean ROC area of conventional intraoral radiography, direct digital image(CDX2000HQ$^{\circledR}$) and indirect digital Image(Digora$^{\circledR}$) were 0.6766, 0.7538, 0.6791(Grade I), 0.7176, 0.7594, 0.7361(Grade II), and 0.7449, 0.7608, 0.7414(Grade III), respectively. 2. Diagnostic ability of direct digital image was higher than other image modalities. But, there was no statistically significant difference among other imaging modalities for Grade I, II, III lesion(p>0.05). In conclusion, when direct and indirect digital system are comparable with conventional intraoral radiography. these systems may be considered an alternative of conventional intraoral radiography for the diagnosis of proximal surface caries.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.553-560
• /
• 2003

On-site diagnosis of chiller performance is an essential step fur energy saving business. The main purpose of the on-site diagnosis is to predict the COP of a target chiller. Many models based on thermodynamics background have been proposed for this purpose. However, they have to be modified from chiller to chiller and require deep insight into thermodynamics that most of field engineers are often lacking in. This study focuses on developing an easy-to-use diagnostic technique that is based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Quality of the training data for ANFIS, sampled over June through September, is assessed by checking COP prediction errors. The architecture of the ANFIS, its error bounds, and collection of training data are described in detail.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권20호
• /
• pp.8613-8616
• /
• 2014

Background: The diagnostic approach to thyroid nodules involves ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB). We especially aimed to evaluate the contribution and the place of US-FNAB in preoperative evaluation of the malignant cases and draw attention to discordant cases diagnosed with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Materials and Methods: A total of 276 cases were retrospectively reviewed who were subsequently diagnosed with a malignancy and who underwent US-FNAB. Results: Some 45 were found to have previously undergone the US-FNAB procedure. Of the patients in whom the surgical specimen was diagnosed with a malignancy, 21 (46.7%) were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy, and 24 (53.3%) were concluded as benign or insufficient for diagnosis. Patients with the diagnosis of PTMC outnumbering the others was a striking finding (11 cases, 24%). Conclusions: We suggest performing repeat aspiration biopsy considering sampling errors in cases where inconsistency exists between clinical findings and cytological results in thyroid nodules smaller than 10 mm in diameter and with suspicious findings on ultrasonography.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2008

The role of respiratory cytology is to detect and classify pulmonary disease, with an emphasis of neoplastic disease, so that proper therapy can be instituted. As in many branches of cytology, the recognition of malignancy in the cells obtained from the respiratory tract is more straightforward than identifying the type of tumor cell. It is important to accurately determine the true cytopathological cell type in cases of primary lung cancer and to know the accuracy of the diagnosis achieved by the cytological procedures. The well differentiated tumors have characteristic cytoplasmic and nuclear abnormalities that enable physicians to firmly categorize these lesions, as in squamous cell or adenocarcinoma, but some moderately and most poorly differentiated tumors show few distinctive features. This article reviews the malignant and reactive pulmonary cytologic findings and we also report on some of their pitfalls and the cytologic criteria.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.1030-1041
• /
• 1999

This study examined those problems noticed under the Asymptotically Generalized Least Squares estimator in evaluating a structural model of physical health. The problems were highly correlated parameter estimates and high standard errors of some parameter estimates. Separate analyses of the endogenous part of the model and of the metric of a latent factor revealed a highly skewed and kurtotic measurement indicator as the focal point of the manifested problems. Since the sample sizes are far below that needed to produce adequate AGLS estimates in the given modeling conditions, the adequacy of the Maximum Likelihood estimator is further examined with the robust statistics and the bootstrap method. These methods demonstrated that the ML methods were unbiased and statistical decisions based upon the ML standard errors remained almost the same. Suggestions are made for future studies adopting structural equation modeling technique in terms of selecting of a reference indicator and adopting those statistics corrected for nonormality.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 2000

A main contribution of this paper is the development of a Hopfield network-based algorithm for the fault diagnosis of the actuators in linear system with uncertainties. An unknown input decoupling approach is introduced to the design of an adaptive observer so that the observer is insensitive to uncertainties. As a result, the output observation error equation does not depend on the effect of uncertainties. Simultaneous energy minimization by the Hopfield network is used to minimize the least mean square of errors of errors of estimates of output variables. The Hopfield network provides an estimate of the gains of the actuators. When the system dynamics changes, identified gains go through a transient period and this period is used to detect faults. The proposed scheme is demonstrated through its application to a simulated second-order system.