• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.251-256
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• 2019

A capsule endoscopy is a medical device that can capture an entire digestive organ from the esophagus to the anus at one time. It produces a vast amount of images consisted of about 8~12 hours in length and more than 50,000 frames on a single examination. However, since the analysis of endoscopic images is performed manually by a medical imaging specialist, the automation requirements of the analysis are increasing to assist diagnosis of the disease in the image. Among them, this study focused on automatic detection of polyp images. A polyp is a protruding lesion that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper, we propose a weighted-image generation method to enhance the polyp image learning by multi-scale analysis. It is a way to extract the suspicious region of the polyp through the multi-scale analysis and combine it with the original image to generate a weighted image, that can enhance the polyp image learning. We experimented with SVM and RF which is one of the machine learning methods for 452 pieces of collected data. The F1-score of detecting the polyp with only original images was 89.3%, but when combined with the weighted images generated by the proposed method, the F1-score was improved to about 93.1%.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2004

Background : Esophageal perforation due to a traumatic endoscopy or intubation is exceedingly rare. If riot noticed immediately or treated promptly, however, the morbidity and mortality is significant. We performed a retrospective review of patients with iatrogenic hypopharyngo-esophageal perforation to assess the outcome of current management techniques. Material and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed all cases iatrogenic hypopharyngo-esophageal perforation diagnosed at our hospital from January, 1999, through April, 2004. The study group consisted of 11 patients (4 men) with a mean age of 47.6 years (range, 21-83 yr). We reviewed the 11 patients with perforated injuries of the hypopharynx or esophagus during the diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Result: Perforations were due to diagnostic gastroscopy ($54.5\%$, 6/11), esophageal dilation ($27.3\%$, 3/11), endoscopic port insertion ($9.1\%$, l/11), and tracheal intrathoracic ($9.1\%$, 1/11). Seven patients had intrathoracic and 4 had cervical perforations. Treatment included incision and drainage (5), resection and reconstruction (4), drainage only (1), and observation (2). Nonfatal complications included transient pneumonia (1), and wound infection (1). They occurred in advanced mediastinal abscess ]patients. Mortality was $9.1\%$ (1/11) in old patient who managed medically in cervical esophageal perforation. Conclusions : Current mortality rates in iatrogenic esophageal perforation were improved compared to previous published rates of $19\%\;to\;66\%$ for all patients with this condition. We concluded that aggressive and definitive surgery for thoracic esophageal perforations improving the survival rate, whether diagnosed early or late.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1667-1670
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• 2014

Background: Calprotectin in feces seems to be a more sensitive marker for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers than fecal occult blood, but its specificity may be too low for screening average risk populations. This study aims at evaluating the diagnostic value of fecal calprotectin as a screening biomarker for GI malignancies. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 100 patients with GI malignancies (50 patients with colorectal cancer and 50 patients with gastric cancer) and 50 controls were recruited in Tabriz Imam Reza and Sina hospitals during a 24-month period. One to two weeks after the last endoscopy/colonoscopy, fecal specimens were collected by the patients and examined by ELISA method for quantitative measurement of calprotectin content. The results were compared between the three groups. Results: The mean fecal calprotectin level was $109.1{\pm}105.3$ (2.3-454.3, median:74), $241.1{\pm}205.2$ (3.4-610.0, median:19.3) and $45.9{\pm}55.1{\mu}g/g$ (1.3-257.1, median:19.3) in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and control group, respectively, the differences being significant (p<0.001) and remaining after adjustment for age. The optimal cut-off point for fecal calprotectin was ${\geq}75.8{\mu}g/g$ for distinguishing colorectal cancer from normal cases (sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 84%, respectively). This value was ${\geq}41.9{\mu}g/g$ for distinguishing gastric cancer from normal cases (sensitivity and specificity of 62%). Conclusions: Our results revealed that fecal calprotectin might be a useful and non-invasive biomarker for distinguishing colorectal cancer from non-malignant GI conditions. However, due to low sensitivity and specificity, this biomarker may not help physicians distinguishing gastric cancer cases from healthy subjects.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2023

Gastric cancer is histologically classified into two types. One is the intestinal and diffuse type according to Lauren's classification, and the other is the differentiated and undifferentiated type based on Nakamura's classification. In 2007, Japanese groups proposed a new type of well-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma in the gastric fundic glands with distinct endoscopic and clinicopathologic features. This is gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GA-FG), a rare variant of gastric cancer. In a 2012 Korean study, of 6,000 cases of gastric cancer tissues, only three cases of GA-FG were identified. GA-FG is usually located in the upper third of the stomach and not known to be associated with the Helicobacter pylori infection. We herein report a case of GA-FG diagnosed in a 63-year-old man. A gastric polyp was incidentally detected during an upper endoscopy screening while conducting a health check-up, and he was diagnosed with GA-FG after an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was conducted for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Our case suggests that for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, EMR may be beneficial in case of gastric polyps with suspected GA-FG.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

Gross examination techniques (GETs) of specimens collected from cancer surgery or endoscopy comprise the act of recording visual information about cancer for accurate histopathological diagnosis and collecting sections of the lesion to create microscopic specimens. GETs must include concise and accurate expressions, appropriate structuring, sufficient resections, error-free standardization of important information, and photo-diagramming of complex specimens. To increase the satisfaction of pathological interpretation, it is a task that must be performed accurately and carefully to gain confidence on a theoretical and practical basis with a sufficient understanding of gross examination. Based on the experience of clinical pathologists in the field of GETs, additional specimen types should be identified as viable candidates. Also, their needs and concerns regarding treatment should be carefully considered. In addition, departments at each institution should review the national focus on clinical partnerships, continuous professional training, diagnostic errors, and value-based healthcare provision.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.267-275
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• 2005

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by sleep-induced obstruction of the upper airway that results in cessation of airflow. Obstruction can occur at a number of points in the airway, but frequently in the oropharynx. A diagnostic evaluation includes cephalometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, acoustic reflection technique, polysomnography and fibroptic endoscopy. Cephalometric measurements of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea have revealed that posterior airway anatomy has strong relations with the symptoms of them. A lateral cephalogram is routinely obtained in the radiologic evaluation of sleep apnea patients. The purpose of this study is to provide a the lateral cephalometric korean norms for the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea by analyzing the abnormal occlusion of Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 1999

OBJECTIVE : To study the management (diagnostic and therapeutic) of esophageal foreign bodies with rigid esophagoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS : All 100 patients admitted to the Dankook University Hospital for ingestion of foreign bodies between May 1994 and July 1999. The outcome for each patient was determined by examining hospital records of demographic information, identification of the foreign body and the removal procedure used. RESULTS : Rigid esophagoscopy was performed for suspected foreign bodies in 100 cases an impacted. The most frequent location was the upper third of the esophagus (68%). The most common type of foreign body was fish bones in adult(61%) and coins in children(70%). In 12 patients. flexible endoscopy had failed previously to remove the foreign body and 4 cases were migrated esophageal metal stent in esophageal stenosis. CONCLUSIONS : The rigid esophagoscopy is appropriate techniques for managing esophageal foreign bodies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.462-465
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• 2010

Acquired bronchoesophageal fistula rare. Conservative treatment such as endoscopy is widely used. The recurrence rate after endoscopic treatment, however, is not well known. We report here on a case of a 54-year-old female who presented with recurrent bronchoesophageal fistula after endoscopic treatment that filled the fistula tract with $Histoacryl^{(R)}$.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

PET detects only less than 50% of early gastric cancer and 62-98% of advanced gastric cancer. Therefore, mass screening programs are recommended for all adults over the age of 40 for early detection and early treatment of gastric cancer through endoscopy or various radiological tests. The most important step after being diagnosed with gastric cancer is accurate staging, which mainly evaluates tumor resectability to avoid unnecessary surgery. Important factors that affect tumor resectability are whether the tumor can be separated from adjacent organs or important blood vessels, the extent of lymph node metastasis, presence of peritoneal metastasis, or distant organ metastasis. To evaluate the extent of local tumor invasion, anatomical imaging that has superior spatial resolution is essential. There are a few studies on prognostic significance of FDG uptake with inconsistent results between them. In spite of lower sensitivities for lymph node staging, the specificities of CT and PET are very high, and the specificity for PET tends to be higher than that for CT. Limited data published so far show that PET seems less useful in the detection of lung and bone metastasis. In the evaluation of pleural or peritoneal metastasis, PET seems very specific but insensitive as well. When FDG uptake of the primary tumor is low, the distant metastasis is also known to show low FDG uptake reducing its detection. There are only a few data available in the evaluation of recurrence detection and treatment response using FDG PET.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.304-306
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• 1996

Endoscopy has become a crucial diagnostic and theraputic procedure in clinical areas. Over the past three years, we have developed a computerized system to record and store clinical data pertaining to endoscopic surgery of laparascopic cholesystectomy, peviscopic endometriosis, and surgical arthroscopy. In this study, we are developed computer system, which is composed of frame grabber, sound board, VCR control board, LAN card and EDMS(endoscopic data management software). Also, computer system has controled over peripheral instruments as a color video printer, video cassette recorder, and endoscopic input/output signals(image and doctor's speech). Also, we are developed one body system of camels control unit including an endoscopic miniature camera and light source. Our system offer unsurpassed image quality in terms of resolution and color fidelity. Digital endoscopic data management system is based on open architecture and a set of widely available industry standards, namely: windows 3.1 as a operating system, TCP/IP as a network protocol and a time sequence based database that handles both an image and drctor's speech synchronized with endoscopic image.