• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.879-888
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• 2018

This research was done to develop a standard management checklist for duck farmers. To this end, experts in commercial duck farming participated in making a blueprint for a standard management checklist. This expert group consisted of ten members which included the researcher, a professor, an extension advisor and leading farmers in commercial duck farming. By collecting knowledge on commercial duck farming from these experts, a management performance index was made, and checking factors were designated. As a result of this expert survey, management outcome indicators and subdivision evaluation indicators were established. To confirm these results, a first stage Delphi expert survey was carried out. As a result, the experts were not in agreement with the farming scale of 1 - 4 levels and 2 levels in the management outcome indicators. Additionally, the experts were not in agreement on the choice of feed in the feeding management and the cooperative management system as well as the utilization of agricultural information in managing the business. The factors that did not have the same opinion among experts were surveyed by a second Delphi survey asking whether experts approve the requested value. As a result of the second Delphi survey, all factors have an approval rate that have a value of more than 90%. Finally, a standard management checklist was established based on the research result.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4377-4380
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• 2016

Background: To compare diagnostic performance in differentiating benign from malignant ovarian masses between IOTA (the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis) simple rules and subjective sonographic assessment. Materials and Methods: Women scheduled for elective surgery because of ovarian masses were recruited into the study and underwent ultrasound examination within 24 hours of surgery to apply the IOTA simple rules by general gynecologists and to record video clips for subjective assessment by an experienced sonographer. The diagnostic performance of the IOTA rules and subjective assessment for differentiation between benign and malignant masses was compared. The gold standard diagnosis was pathological or operative findings. Results: A total of 150 ovarian masses were covered, comprising 105 (70%) benign and 45 (30%) malignant. Of them, the IOTA simple rules could be applied in 119 (79.3%) and were inconclusive in 31 (20.7%) whereas subjective assessment could be applied in all cases (100%). The sensitivity and the specificity of the IOTA simple rules and subjective assessment were not significantly different, 82.9% vs 86.7% and 94.0% vs 94.3% respectively. The agreement of the two methods in prediction was high with a Kappa index of 0.835. Conclusions: Both techniques had a high diagnostic performance in differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses but the IOTA rules had a relatively high rate of inconclusive results. The IOTA rules can be used as an effective screening technique by general gynecologists but when the results are inconclusive they should consult experienced sonographers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.387-396
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• 2006

The numerical modeling and comparison with observations are performed to find out the detailed structure of meteorology and the characteristic of related dispersion phenomena of the non-reactive air pollutant at Kyoungin region, South Korea, where several industrial complex including Siwha, Banwol and Namdong is located. MM5 (Fifth Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model), 3-D Land/sea breeze model and 3-D diagnostic meteorological model have been utilized for the meteorological simulation for September, 2002 with each different spatial resolution, while 3-D Eulerian air dispersion model for the air quality study. We can see the simulated wind field shows the very local circulation quitely well compared with in-site observations in shoreline area with complex terrains, at which the circulation of Land/sea breeze has developed and merged with the mountain and valley breeze eventually. Also it is shown in the result of the dispersion model that the diurnal variation and absolute value of daily mean $SO_2$ concentrations have good agreement with observations, even though the instant concentration of $SO_2$ simulated overestimates around 1.5 times rather than that of observation due to neglecting the deposition process and roughly estimated emission rate. This results may indicate that it is important for the air quality study at shoreline region with the complex terrain to implement the high resolution meteorological model which is able to handle with the complicate local circulation.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 2022

Background: This study was designed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and indirect magnetic resonance arthrography (I-MRA) imaging with those of arthroscopy and each other. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020. All patients who tested positive for labrum lesions during that year were included in the study. The patients underwent conservative treatment for 6 weeks. In the event of no response to conservative treatment, MRI and I-MRA imaging were conducted, and the patients underwent arthroscopy to determine their ultimate diagnosis and treatment plan. Imaging results were assessed at a 1-week interval by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. Image interpretation results and arthroscopy were recorded in the data collection form. Results: Overall, 35 patients comprised the study. Based on the kappa coefficient, the results indicate that the results of both imaging methods are in agreement with the arthroscopic findings, but the I-MRA consensus rate is higher than that of MRI (0.612±0.157 and 0.749±0.101 vs. 0.449±0.160 and 0.603±0.113). The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of MRI in detecting labrum tears were 77.77%, 75.00%, 91.30%, 50.00%, and 77.14%, respectively, and those of I-MRA were 88.88%, 75.00%, 92.30%, 66.66%, and 85.71%. Conclusions: Here, I-MRA showed higher diagnostic value than MRI for labral tears. Therefore, it is recommended that I-MRA be used instead of MRI if there is an indication for potential labrum lesions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2009

Purpose: We diagnosed pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders in Korean children and adolescents using Rome III criteria and investigated the clinical validity of QPGS-Rome III. Methods: Diagnosis based on QPGS was compared with the physician's diagnosis based on Rome III criteria. One hundred and thirty eight children and their parents completed the QPGS. Agreement rates were measured using Kappa method. Results: In physician's diagnoses, the most prevalent disorders were functional dyspepsia (39.1%), irritable bowel syndrome (38.4%), and functional abdominal pain (18.8%). Among QPGS based diagnoses, the most prevalent disorders were irritable bowel syndrome (39.1%), functional dyspepsia (29.7%), and functional abdominal pain (21.7%). The agreement rate was substantial (${\kappa}$=0.72, p=0.00). Diagnostic disagreements probably resulted from different patient responses to bowel movement form and bowel frequency. Conclusion: Functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional abdominal pain were the most common disorders by Rome III criteria in the Korean pediatric and adolescent patients. The agreement rate between physician's diagnoses and QPGS based diagnoses supported the validity of the QPGS-Rome III in Korean pediatric and adolescent patients. QPGS seems to be useful in diagnosis of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders by Rome III criteria.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.317-325
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• 2018

Purpose: We investigated correlations between the findings of oral examinations and panoramic radiography in order to determine the efficacy of using panoramic radiographs in screening examinations. Methods: This study included patients who visited dental clinics at National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Ilsan Hospital for checkups during 2009-2015 and underwent panoramic radiographic examinations within 1 year prior to the oral examinations. Among the 48,006 patients who received checkups, 1,091 were included in this study. The data were evaluated using the Cohen kappa and interrater agreement coefficients. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated using data from the panoramic radiographs as true positive diagnoses. Results: The interrater agreement coefficient for occlusal caries was 28.8%, and the Cohen kappa coefficient was 0.043 between the oral and panoramic radiographic examinations. Root caries and subgingival calculus were only found on the radiographs, while gingival inflammation was found only by the oral examinations. The oral examinations had a specificity for detecting occlusal dental caries of 100%, while their sensitivity for proximal dental caries and supragingival calculus was extremely low (14.0% and 18.3%, respectively) compared to the panoramic radiographic examinations. The oral examinations showed a relatively low sensitivity of 66.2% and a specificity of 43.7% in detecting tooth loss compared with panoramic radiography. Conclusions: Panoramic radiography can provide information that is difficult to obtain in oral examinations, such as root caries, furcation involvement, and subgingival calculus, which are factors that can directly affect the survival rate of teeth. It therefore seems reasonable and necessary to add panoramic radiography to large-scale health checkup programs such as that provided by the NHIS.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2019

Various studies have been conducted for the diagnosis of noise condition of complex rotary machines. In this study, diagnosis index using vibration signal is developed for the efficient and objective assessment of noise condition of a blower motor. The noise most commonly caused by the abnormal blower motor are Tick/Click noise and Tone noise. According to cause and noise characteristics, time-frequency analysis is used to diagnose Tick/Click noise, and smoothing in frequency domain is used to diagnose tone noise condition. The noise condition of the blower motors were diagnosed using the developed index and these results are compared with the diagnostic results by the experts. As a result, the agreement rate was about 95 %.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.12-21
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• 2019

Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate the one-year test-retest reliability of the Korea Sasang constitutional diagnostic questionnaire (KS-15) in university students. Methods In March 2017, and March 2018, a survey was sent by email to 583 Korean medicine students in two universities. Of these, 149 (25.6%) participated and completed the first survey (test) and second survey (retest). Participants responded to the KS-15 questionnaire and the general characteristics including their age, sex, height, and weight. Cohen's kappa Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and agreement rate (%) were used for the test-retest reliability for each question item and the diagnosis of the Sasang constitution. The independent T-test was used to determine the difference in BMI between Sasang constitutional accordance and discordance groups obtained from the test-retest results of KS-15. Results The agreement of Sasang constitutional diagnosis was 75.8% (Kappa = 0.618), indicating that KS-15 had a certain level (substantial) of test-retest reliability. However, the kappa of each item was 0.161 ~ 0.620, which showed a large difference between the items. The agreements of each Sasang constitution were 85.1% for Taeeumin, 73.6% for Soeumin, and 58.6% for Soyangin. There was no significant difference in the BMI change between Sasang constitutional accordance and discordance groups in the test-retest. Conclusions These results indicate KS-15 has a reliable one-year test-retest reliability. However, further studies will be required to improve reliability, validity and application across different age ranges for the practical utilization of KS-15.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to examine the useful- ness of the portable spirometer "The Spirokit" as a clinical diagnostic device through technology introduction, precision test, and correction. Design: Technical note Methods: "The Spirokit" was developed using a propeller-type flow rate and flow rate measurement method using infrared and light detection sensors. The level of agreement between the Pulmonary Waveform Generator and the measured values was checked to determine the precision of "The Spirokit", and the correction equation was included using the Pulmonary Waveform Generator software to correct the error range. The analysis was requested using the ATS 24/26 waveform recognized by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the American Thoracic Society for the values of Forced Voluntary Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1second (FEV1), and Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), which are used as major indicators for pulmonary function tests. All tests were repeated five times to derive an average value, and FVC and FEV1 presented accuracy and PEF presented accuracy as the result values. Results: FVC and FEV1 of 'The Spirokit' developed in this study showed accuracy within ± 3% of the error level in the ATS 24 waveform. The PEF value of 'The Spirokit' showed accuracy within the error level ± 12% of the ATS 26 waveform. Conclusion: Through the results of this study, the precision of 'The Spirokit' as a clinical diagnosis device was identified, and it was confirmed that it can be used as a portable pulmonary function test that can replace a spirometer.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.634-643
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and safety of low-contrast-dose, dual-source dual-energy CT before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with compromised renal function. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 consecutive patients (female:male, 26:38; 81.9 ± 7.3 years) with reduced renal function underwent pre-TAVR dual-energy CT with a 30-mL contrast agent between June 2022 and March 2023. Monochromatic (40- and 50-keV) and conventional (120-kVp) images were reconstructed and analyzed. The subjective quality score, vascular attenuation, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were compared among the imaging techniques using the Friedman test and post-hoc analysis. Interobserver reliability for aortic annular measurement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. The procedural outcomes and incidence of post-contrast acute kidney injury (AKI) were assessed. Results: Monochromatic images achieved diagnostic quality in all patients. The 50-keV images achieved superior vascular attenuation and CNR (P < 0.001 in all) while maintaining a similar SNR compared to conventional CT. For aortic annular measurement, the 50-keV images showed higher interobserver reliability compared to conventional CT: ICC, 0.98 vs. 0.90 for area and 0.97 vs. 0.95 for perimeter; 95% limits of agreement width, 0.63 cm² vs. 0.92 cm² for area and 5.78 mm vs. 8.50 mm for perimeter. The size of the implanted device matched CT-measured values in all patients, achieving a procedural success rate of 92.6%. No patient experienced a serum creatinine increase of ≥ 1.5 times baseline in the 48-72 hours following CT. However, one patient had a procedural delay due to gradual renal function deterioration. Conclusion: Low-contrast-dose imaging with 50-keV reconstruction enables precise pre-TAVR evaluation with improved image quality and minimal risk of post-contrast AKI. This approach may be an effective and safe option for pre-TAVR evaluation in patients with compromised renal function.