• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.11
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• 2020

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO₂) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO₂ values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO₂ values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. Conclusions: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2007

Objective : A new point of view on the chronic back pain proposed which is, named neuropathic back pain[NBP]. Some proposed a certain pain scale as an useful diagnostic tool. Before scientific verification, some doctors prescribed a new anticonvulsant for the NBP. We investigated diagnostic tools for NBP by a review of the literature. Methods : A comprehensive computer search of the English literature concerning neuropathic low back pain was performed using the key words such as neuropathic back pain and diagnosis in the PubMed. Results : In 1998, the term NBP was first used in a patient with lung cancer. In the English literature, there were two diagnostic methods for the NBP, Neuropathic pain scale[NPS] and a pharmacological test. NPS is a pain questionnaire, which depends on the patients' subjective reports on the given questions, such as 'how hot is your pain feel'. By the pharmacological test, NBP was defined as 50% or more decrease of pain on intravenous lidocaine and on local anesthetic epidurally. It also depends on the patients' subjective response to the therapy. Conclusion : There were still no reliable objective diagnostic criteria for the NBP. It seems to be better to reserve the new anticonvulsants for the NBP till scientific approval.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.217-232
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• 1999

The ability to see the internal organs of the human body in a noninvasive way is a powerful diagnostic tool of modern medicine. Among these imaging modalities such as X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound. MRI and ultrasound are presenting much less risk of undesirable damage of both patient and examiner. In fact, no deleterious effects have been reported as a result of clinical examination by using MRI and ultrasound diagnostic equipment. As a result. their market volume has been rapidly increased. MRI has a good resolution. but there are a few disadvantages such as high price. non-real-time imaging capability. and expensive diagnostic cost. On the other hand, the ultrasound imaging system has inherently poor resolution as compared with X-ray and MRI. In spite of its poor resolution, the ultrasound diagnostic equipment is lower in price and has an ability of real-time imaging as compared with the others. As a result. the ultrasound imaging system has become general and essential modality for imaging the internal organs of human body. In this review various researches and developments to enhance the resolution of the ultrasound images are explained and future trends of the ultrasound imaging technology are described.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-54
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is three-fold; 1, establish the causal model of market-orientation, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and firm's perfor-mance. 2. testify the hypothesis derived by the model on a service industry of fastfood franchise. 3. develop the diagnostic tool for managing the service firm from the perspective of CS. The results show us; 1. customer satisfaction increases the performance of franchise store. 2. employee satisfaction does not necessarily increases customer satisfaction in a short-run, however the long-run impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction is conjectured to be increased. 3. Satisfaction Portfolio Analysis can be utilized as management tool to improve the customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction for service industry.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.166-171
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• 2008

PET of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is increasingly used to support the clinical diagnosis in the examination of patients with suspected major neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET has been reported to have high diagnostic performance, especially, very high sensitivity in the diagnosis and clinical assessment of therapeutic efficacy. According to clinical research data hitherto, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is expected to be an effective diagnostic tool in early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Since 2004, Medicare covers $^{18}F-FDG$ PET scans for the differential diagnosis of fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) under specific requirements; or, its use in a CMS approved practical clinical trial focused on the utility of $^{18}F-FDG$ PET in the diagnosis or treatment of dementing neurodegenerative diseases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9 s.102
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• pp.1108-1117
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• 2005

A robust damage detection method using short-time Fourier transform and beating phenomena is presented as an estimating tool of the healthiness of large structures. The present technique makes use of beating phenomena that manifest themselves when two signals of similar frequencies are added or subtracted. Unlike most existing methods based on vibration signals, the present approach does not require an analytic model for target structures. Furthermore, the main advantage of the proposed method compared to the competing diagnostic method using vibration data is its robustness. The proposed method is not affected by the amplitude of exciting signals and the location of exciting points. From a measuring view point. the location of sensing point have no influence on the performance of the present method. With a view to verifying the effectiveness of this method. a series of experiments are made and the results show its possibility as a robust damage diagnostic method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2008

Diagnostic laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) relatively evaluates the electrophysiologic status of the larynx and provides critical clinical informations that no other tests can provide. However, LEMG is still not widely applied as a routine tool in clinical practice. One reason for this is the technical and interpretative difficulties of LEMG. But if LEMG is performed by a team approach consisting of an otolaryngologist and a neurologist, the technique and the interpretation of LEMG are not difficult to master. Another reason is that there is still not exact standard guideline for clinical application of LEMG. LEMG is an essential diagnostic test in evaluating patients with neuromuscular disorders, particulary vocal fold immobility, reduced mobility of vocal fold. The more we have used LEMG, the more we have found it useful in the evaluation and treatment of voice disorders, and the role of LEMG will be extended.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07d
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• pp.2272-2275
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• 2002

PCA(Principle Component Analysis) has emerged as a useful tool for process monitoring and fault diagnosis. The general approach requires the user to identify the root cause by interpreting the residual or principle components. This could be tedious and often impossible for a large process. In this paper, PCA scheme is combined with the FCM-based fault diagnostic algorithm to enhance the diagnosistic results. The implementation of the PCA-FCM based fault diagnostic system is done and its application is illustrated on the two-tank system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.442-445
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• 1997

A challenging activity in the manufacturing industry is to perform in real time the continuous monitoring of the process state, the situation assessment and identification of the problem on line and diagnosis of the cause and importance of the problem if he process does not work properly. This paper describes LAT(Ladder Analysis Tool) system for fault tree generation to improving the fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools. The system consists of 4 steps which can automatically ladder analysis from ladder diagram to two diagnosis function models. The two diagnostic models based on he ladder diagram is switching function model and step switching function model. This system tries to overcome diagnosis deficiencies present machine tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.217-224
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• 1999

Trouble shooting of modern machine tools equipped with sophisticated electronic as well as mechanical parts is so difficult that it is usually depends upon the experience and accumulated knowledge of the diagnosing persons. On the other hand, tool users are scattered in wide area, which makes it expensive for a machine tool maker to run a vast service network. An unmanned diagnosis system to which users can have access at all times could be an efficient alternative. For this purpose, a rule-based expert system for diagnosing machine tools is developed. This paper describes the structure of diagnostic knowledge, the rule firing mechanism, the diagnosis flow, and user query process. An example shows the feasibility of problem solving on site without help of a service expert from machine tool maker.