• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Manometry is a noninvasive diagnostic tool for identifying motility dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the great technical advances in monitoring motility, performance of the study in pediatric patients has several limitations that should be considered during the procedure and interpretation of the test results. This article reviews the clinical applications of conventional esophageal and anorectal manometries in children by describing a technique for performing the test. This review will develop the uniformity required for the methods of performance, the parameters for measurement, and interpretation of test results that could be applied in pediatric clinical practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.741-746
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• 1998

A severe noise in industrial field can be sometimes generated from unexpected installation error and misunderstanding of industrial machinery. To solve the noise problem, the diagnostic tool is generally applied to identify the noise source and to detect the fault of machinery. And then, the suitable control countermeasure corresponding to the diagnostic results is presented. In this paper, two control cases an noise problem of the Incineration Plant and the Pump are introduced.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-54
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is three-fold; 1, establish the causal model of market-orientation, customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction and firm's perfor-mance. 2. testify the hypothesis derived by the model on a service industry of fastfood franchise. 3. develop the diagnostic tool for managing the service firm from the perspective of CS. The results show us; 1. customer satisfaction increases the performance of franchise store. 2. employee satisfaction does not necessarily increases customer satisfaction in a short-run, however the long-run impact of employee satisfaction on customer satisfaction is conjectured to be increased. 3. Satisfaction Portfolio Analysis can be utilized as management tool to improve the customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction for service industry.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1035-1039
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• 1990

All 10 cases of spontaneous rupture of esophagus had violent vomiting as precursor. 9 patients were male, 1 case was female. Chief complaints were chest pain and dyspnea. Chest P \ulcornerA and esophagogram were mainly used as confirm diagnostic tool. Perforation sites of all cases were at distal esophagus near the G-E junction. 6 cases were received primary repair within 24 hrs, other cases were managed with surgical drainage after exclusion and diversion of esophagus. Empyema was the most frequent complication. Other complications were sepsis, pneumonia, leaking etc. Overall mortality rate was about 70.0%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the gait of elderly patients with and without dementia to investigate the possibility of an ambulation assessment test as a diagnostic tool for dementia. METHODS: A total of 96 subjects were included with 60 participants without dementia (control group) and 36 patients with dementia (dementia group). To compare the walking ability of the two groups, a 4-m walking test (4MWT) and Groningen Meander Walking Test (GMWT) were conducted. The GMWT is graded by amount of time in seconds and by number of oversteps outside the track. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the gait between the groups and the area under the curve (AUC) with Received Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed. Statistical significance was considered at a p<.05, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences (p<.05) between the dementia group and the control group for the 4MWT, GMWTSEC, and GMWTSTEP scores. The AUC was .95 for 4MWT, .92 for GMWTSEC, and .96 for GMWTSTEP with the 95% confidence interval. The cut-off values of the ROC curve were 1.03m/s for 4MWT, 10.8 second for GMWTSEC, and 3.75 steps for GMSTEP. CONCLUSION: In our study, we investigated the utility of ambulatory assessment tools to predict dementia. The results of this study suggest that the 4MWT and the GMWT used in this study are appropriate assessment tools for dementia prediction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of the present study were to compare the image quality and visibility of tooth cracks between conventional methods and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to develop an automatic detection technique for tooth cracks by SS-OCT imaging. Methods: We evaluated SS-OCT with a near-infrared wavelength centered at 1,310 nm over a spectral bandwidth of 100 nm at a rate of 50 kHz as a new diagnostic tool for the detection of tooth cracks. The reliability of the SS-OCT images was verified by comparing the crack lines with those detected using conventional methods. After performing preprocessing of the obtained SS-OCT images to emphasize cracks, an algorithm was developed and verified to detect tooth cracks automatically. Results: The detection capability of SS-OCT was superior or comparable to that of trans-illumination, which did not discriminate among the cracks according to depth. Other conventional methods for the detection of tooth cracks did not sense initial cracks with a width of less than $100{\mu}m$. However, SS-OCT detected cracks of all sizes, ranging from craze lines to split teeth, and the crack lines were automatically detected in images using the Hough transform. Conclusions: We were able to distinguish structural cracks, craze lines, and split lines in tooth cracks using SS-OCT images, and to automatically detect the position of various cracks in the OCT images. Therefore, the detection capability of SS-OCT images provides a useful diagnostic tool for cracked tooth syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.465-470
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• 2017

Objective : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading systems using sagittal images are useful for evaluation of lumbar foraminal stenosis. We evaluated whether such a grading system is useful as a diagnostic tool for surgery. Methods : Between July 2014 and June 2015, 99 consecutive patients underwent unilateral lumbar foraminotomy for lumbar foraminal stenosis. Surgically confirmed foraminal stenosis and the contralateral, asymptomatic neuroforamen were assessed based on a 4-point MRI grading system. Two experienced researchers independently evaluated the MR sagittal images. Interobserver agreement and intraobserver agreement were analyzed using ${\kappa}$ statistics. Results : The mean age of patients (54 women, 45 men) was 62.5 years. A total of 101 levels (202 neuroforamens) were evaluated. MRI grades for operated neuroforamens were as follows : Grade 0 in 0.99%, Grade 1 in 5.28%, Grade 2 in 14.85%, and Grade 3 in 78.88%. Interobserver agreement was moderate for operated neuroforamens (${\kappa}=0.511$) and good for asymptomatic neuroforamens (${\kappa}=0.696$). Intraobserver agreement by reader 1 for operated neuroforamens was good (${\kappa}=0.776$) and that for asymptomatic neuroforamens was very good (${\kappa}=0.831$). In terms of lumbar level, interobserver agreement for L5-S1 (${\kappa}=0.313$, fair) was relatively lower than the other level (${\kappa}=0.804$, very good). Conclusion : MRI grading system for lumbar foraminal stenosis is thought to be useful as a diagnostic tool for surgery in the lumbar spine; however, it is less reliable for symptomatic L5-S1 foraminal stenosis than for other levels. Thus, various clinical factors as well as the MRI grading system are required for surgical decision-making.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.933-937
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop a diagnostic screening tool for the early detection of osteoporosis in persons with a predisposition for this condition and to facilitate effective management of the disease. Data are collected using questionnaires. The subjects are 120 women in a small city OB-GY clinic in South Korea, who are 6 months or more post menopausal and who have been examined for BMD. Two items in general syndrome of kidney vacuity(Shin Hur) : hears noises like streaming water or the sound of shrill chirrups of a cicada (OR=3.34, p<0.1), feels twinges in the back and knee(OR=4.10, p<0.05), one item in kidney yin vacuity: feels thirst and gets sore throat(OR=8.5, p<0.01) were proven as statistically significant risk factors in the identification of osteoporosis (Odds Ratio). The predictability score was 86.36%, and ROC curve was 0.84. This study attempted to identify risk factors in female osteoporosis so as to develop a screening tool for the purposes of early diagnosis, the effective management of osteoporosis patients and to modify the progress of their disease. Further studies are needed to elaborate this tool's ability to identify contributing factors in osteoporosis as defined by diagnostic evidence predicted by Oriental Medicine Theory.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 1994

Down syndrome is one of the major chromosomal anomalies in Korea. To decrease incidence of Down syndrome, antenatal diagnosis is essential. At present, antenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome is done by karyotyping from chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and cordocentsis. All these methods have some problems such as a risk of abortion, a long waiting time, difficulties in sampling, and so on. The aim of study was to confirm that PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) using D21S11 primer could be a diagnostic tool for Down syndrome. PCR using D21S11 primers with $^{32}P$ labeling at 5' end was done in 21 cases of DNA from 21 Trisomy and 20 cases of DNA from normal karyotype. PCR product was running for 10 hours on the 6% polyacrylamide gel under 1,000 V or for 8 hours under 1,500 V. After X-ray film exposure, it was read by densitometry. Normal group showed 1: 1 band or single band. 21 Trisomy group showed 1.3-2: 1 band or 2.3 times of density compared to normal single band or 3 bands. This method gave the result within 24 hours. It can be an useful diagnostic tool to detect 21 Trisomy antenatally, especially in late pregnancy, and in preimplantation diagnosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

Objectives : We performed a clinical study to investigate characteristics of pattern identifications using nasal endoscopy for allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods : We assessed 32 patients with allergic rhinitis using nasal endoscopy, classifications of allergic rhinitis and it's impact on asthma (ARIA) and total nasal symptom score (TNSS). Results : The watery rhinorrhea score of nasal endoscopy was significantly high in 'persistent and moderate/severe' group (P<0.05). Patients were classified as rhinorrhea group and nasal obstruction group according to nasal endoscopy. TNSS and rhinorrhea score was significantly high in rhinorrhea group (P<0.05). Conclusions : The result may provide that the watery rhinorrhea of nasal endoscopy is useful as 'Cold' and 'Deficiency' pattern identification diagnostic tool.