• 식물병연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2011

우리나라에서 분리한 P. katsurae의 유전적 특성을 구명하기 위하여 국내에서 분리한 P. katsurae를 대상으로 nuclear DNA(nDNA)의 ${\beta}$-tubulin (BTU)과 Elongation facter 1 alpha (EF1A) 그리고 rDNA ITS 부위의 PCR-SSCP 분석을 실시하여, P. katsurae와 Phytophthora 속에 속하는 다양한 종들의 각 부위를 대상으로 유전적 유연관계를 비교분석 하고 동정에 이용하고자 하였다. 각각의 Phytophthora 속에서 변이가 가장 많이 발생하는 부위를 포함하여 증폭 시킬 수 있도록 각 부위의 공통 염기배열로부터 제작된 primer는 Phytophthora 종에 특이적인 반응을 나타냄으로서 동정 및 진단에도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. SSCP 분석 결과는 국내 P. katsurae 균주와 공시한 다른 Phytophthora 속 균주들과의 구분이 가능하였으며, Phytophthora 종 간의 구분도 가능하였다. 그러나 한 가지 부위만을 이용한 PCR-SSCP 분석은 Phytophthora 종 간의 구분이 어려운 경우도 있었다. 따라서 보다 정확하고 명확한 Phytophthora 종의 유전적 다양성 분석 및 동정을 위하여서는 단일 부위에 의한 PCR-SSCP보다는 복수 부위에 의한 PCR-SSCP를 실시하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2008

목적 : 유방 절제 생검 후 유방암이 진단된 환자에서 잔류종양과 추가 병변을 진단하는데 있어 자기공명영상의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2005년 3월부터 2007년 8월까지 유방 절제 생검으로 유방암이 진단되고 수술 전 자기공명영상을 시행한 16명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 생검 후 생긴 공동 주위로 두껍고 불규칙한 조영증강 테두리를 보이거나 공동에 연하여 조영증강되는 종괴가 있는 경우를 잔류종양이 있다고 보았다. 또한 공동과 분리된 다초점성, 다발성, 혹은 반대측 유방 병변 등의 추가 병변을 확인하였다. 수술 후 조직학적 소견을 비교하여 자기공명영상의 정확성을 평가하였고 자기 공명영상소견에 따라 향후 치료에 변화가 있었는지를 알아보았다. 결과 : 공동주위 조영증강 소견으로 잔류종양을 평가하는 자기공명영상의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 85.7%(6/7)와 55.6%(5/9)이었다. 자기공명영상으로 6명의 환자에서 다초점성(multifocal), 다발성(multicentric), 혹은 반대측 유방에 추가 병변을 발견하였다. 자기공명 영상의 결과에 따라 7명의 환자에서 치료 범위가 변화되었다. 결론 : 절제 생검 후 자기공명영상에서 보인 소견 중 공동주위 조영증강 소견만으로 잔류종양 유무를 감별하기 어렵다. 그러나 유방 자기공명영상은 다초점성 및 다발성 혹은 반대측 병변을 포함한 추가병변을 발견하는 데 도움을 주어 수술적 치료에도 유용한 정보를 제공한다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-106
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• 2014

Purpose : To describe how a robust implementation of a radial 3D gradient-echo sequence with stack-of-stars sampling can be achieved, to review the imaging properties of radial acquisitions, and to share the experience from more than 5000 clinical patient scans. Materials and Methods: A radial stack-of-stars sequence was implemented and installed on 9 clinical MR systems operating at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. Protocols were designed for various applications in which motion artifacts frequently pose a problem with conventional Cartesian techniques. Radial scans were added to routine examinations without selection of specific patient cohorts. Results: Radial acquisitions show significantly lower sensitivity to motion and allow examinations during free breathing. Elimination of breath-holding reduces failure rates for non-compliant patients and enables imaging at higher resolution. Residual artifacts appear as streaks, which are easy to identify and rarely obscure diagnostic information. The improved robustness comes at the expense of longer scan durations, the requirement for fat suppression, and the nonexistence of a time-to-center value. Care needs to be taken during the configuration of receive coils. Conclusion: Routine clinical use of radial stack-of-stars sequences is feasible with current MR systems and may serve as substitute for conventional fat-suppressed T1-weighted protocols in applications where motion is likely to degrade the image quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.390-403
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• 1988

The objectives of the study were to provide the basic informations needed in the development of balanced medical services throughout the nation. As the national health care system was expanding rapidly along with the economic growth, quantitative re-evaluation of the system is of great need. For that reason, characteristics of the admitted patients were analyzed for the case-mix and patients' flow within and through regions. Materials were 421,530 cases of inpatients, who were reported through Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC) for insurance claim, during the period of March 1, 1985 through February 28, 1987. Korean Diagnosis Related Groups(K-DRGs) classification system was adopted for the study of case-mix and 189 cities and counties were classified into 5 district groups by factor analysis results of K-DRGS. The major findings of this study were as follows ; 1) Factor analysis of case-mix, employing K-DRG system, revealed 5 distinct funtional district groups. Group A(18 districts) was prominent for tertiary medical care. In group B(36 districts), rather simple procedures were prevalent. Group C(26 districts) was distinctive for the medical care of well organized internal medicine practices with qualified clinical laboratories. Group D(17 districts) was characterized by relatively high balanced medical care. Group E (92 districts) was with very low level of medical care. 2) Analysis of the case-flow through the districts showed 3 types of flow patterns : inflow, outflow, and balanced types. Inflow type of case-flow was found in Group A, C and D while Group B and E showed outflow type. Inflow was most prominent in Group A and Group E was of typical outflow type. Group B was consistently the outflow type except for Major Diagnostic Category XX regardless of the disease treaters, but Group C and D were inflow or outflow types according to the disease tracers.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 치과용 3차원 Come-beam CT 영상을 이용하여 정중과잉치의 형태와 매복 양상 및 연관된 합병증에 대해 평가하는 것이다. 2007년부터 2012년까지 정중과잉치를 주소로 조선대학교 치과병원 소아치과에 내원한 280명의 환아의 cone-beam CT 영상을 평가하였다. 매복된 정중과잉치는 여아보다 남아에서 더 빈번했고, 약 3.3 : 1의 비율을 보였으며 6~8세에서 가장 많이 관찰되었다. 환자당 정중과잉치의 개수는 1.38개였다. 대부분의 정중과잉치는 원추형(79.5%)이었으며, 역위방향(48.6%)으로 위치하고 있었다. 근원심적 위치로는 정중부(81.8%)가 가장 흔했고, 수직적으로는 치경부 근처(60.3%)에 가장 많이 분포하였으며, 순구개측 위치로는 구개측(73.8%)에 가장 많이 위치였다. 정중과잉치의 47.5%에서 합병증이 관찰되었고 인접치 변위와 맹출 지연이 가장 흔했다. 과잉치의 형태와 수직적 위치, 그리고 순구개측 위치가 합병증과 상관관계를 보였다. Cone-beam CT는 매복된 정중과잉치에 대한 3차원적 위치 정보와 정확한 영상을 제공하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6397-6403
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• 2014

Background: Aberrant promoter hypermethylation has been recognized in human breast carcinogenesis as a frequent molecular alteration associated with the loss of expression of a number of key regulatory genes and may serve as a biomarker. The E-cadherin gene (CDH1), mapping at chromosome 16q22, is an intercellular adhesion molecule in epithelial cells, which plays an important role in establishing and maintaining intercellular connections. The aim of our study was to assess the methylation pattern of CDH1 and to correlate it with the expression of E-cadherin, clinicopathological parameters and hormone receptor status in breast cancer patients of Kashmir. Materials and Methods: Methylation specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of CDH1 in 128 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) paired with the corresponding normal tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of E-cadherin, ER and PR. Results: CDH1 hypermethylation was detected in 57.8% of cases and 14.8% of normal adjacent controls. Reduced levels of E-cadherin protein were observed in 71.9% of our samples. Loss of E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the CDH1 promoter region methylation (p<0.05, OR=3.48, CI: 1.55-7.79). Hypermethylation of CDH1 was significantly associated with age at diagnosis (p=0.030), tumor size (p=0.008), tumor grade (p=0.024) and rate of node positivity or metastasis (p=0.043). Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that abnormal CDH1 methylation occurs in high frequencies in infiltrating breast cancers associated with a decrease in E-cadherin expression. We found significant differences in tumor-related CDH1 gene methylation patterns relevant to tumor grade, tumor size, nodal involvement and age at diagnosis of breast tumors, which could be extended in future to provide diagnostic and prognostic information.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

목적 : 유방의 유두상 병변의 진단에 있어 자기공명영상의 역할에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 초음파 유도하 핵생검에서 양성 유두상 병변으로 진단된 45예 중 자기공명영상을 시행한 22명의 환자 27예를 대상으로 하였다. 자기공명영상 시행 1-10일 후 절제 생검을 시행하였다. 자기공명영상 소견은 형태학적 기준에서 불규칙하거나 환형 또는 선형 조영증강을 보이거나 조영증강 양상에서 지연기 조영유실을 보이는 경우를 의심스러운 병변으로 분류하였다. 확산강조영상에서 병변의 발견 여부도 알아보았다. 자기공명영상 소견이 절제 생검 결과와 관련이 있는지 알아보았다. 결과 : 핵생검에서 비정형성이 없는 22예의 양성 유두상 병변 중 2예(9%), 비정형성이 있는 5예의 양성 유두상 병변 중 4예(80%)가 절제 생검에서 악성으로 진단되었다. 자기공명영상에서 발견된 18예 중 16예에서 암이 의심되는 소견을 보였으며, 절제 생검에서 양성이 11예(69%), 악성이 5예(31%)였다. 확산강조영상에서 보이는 12예 중 10예가 양성, 2예가 악성으로 진단되었다. 자기공명영상 소견은 절제 생검 결과와 상관이 없었다. 결론 : 핵생검에서 진단된 양성 유두상 병변의 자기공명영상 소견은 대부분(88.9%, 16/18)에서 암이 의심되는 소견을 보여 악성 예측에 도움이 되지 않았으며 자기공명영상에서 위양성 소견을 보이는 병변에 양성 유두상 병변이 포함되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.893-914
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• 1999

Tooth mobility may be the decisive factor that determines whether dental treatment of any kind is undertaken. Although tooth mobility in isolation says little in itself, the finding of increased tooth mobility is of both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Only the detection of an increase or decrease in mobility makes an evaluation possible. Thus prior to treatment, we must understand the pathologic process causing the observed the tooth mobility and decide whether the pattern and degree of observed tooth mobility is reversible or irreversible. And then it must be decided whether retention and treatment or extraction and replacement. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time period during root planing and flap operation and to relate changes in mobility to each treatment method. Twenty-one patients (287 teeth) with chronic adult periodontitis were treated with root planing(control group) and flap operation(experimental group), and each group was divided 3 subgroups based upon initial probing pocket depth (1-3mm, 4-6mm, 7mm and more). Tooth mobility was measured with $Periotest^{(R)}$ at the day of operation, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks after each treatment. Tooth mobility, attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and bleeding on probing were measured at the day of operation, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. 1. In group initial probing depth was 1-3mm, tooth mobility had no significant difference after root planing and flap operation. 2 . In group initial probing depth was 4-6mm, 7mm and more, tooth mobility had decreased in 12 weeks after root planing(p<0.01). And the mobility had increased after flap operation(p<0.01) and was at peak in 1 week, and decreased at initial level in 4 weeks, below the initial level in 12 weeks(p<0.01). 3. In 1 week, significant difference in tooth mobility between control and experimental group was found(p<0.01) but, in 12 weeks no difference between two groups was found. 4. Change of immediate tooth mobility after treatment was more larger in deep pocket than in shallow one. In group with the same probing pocket depth, the change of tooth mobility in molar group was greater than that of premolar group. 5. Tooth mobility before treatment was more strongly correlated with radiographic bone loss (r=0.5325) than probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding on probing, in 12 weeks after treatment, was more strongly correlated with attachment loss($r^2$=0.4761) than probing depth and bleeding on probing. Evaluation of the treatment effect and the prognosis after root planing and flap operation were meaningful on tooth initial probing depth 4mm and more. After flap operation, evaluation of the prognosis should be performed at least in 4 weeks and in 12 weeks after treatment, no difference in tooth mobility between two groups was observed. Radiographic bone loss and attachment loss were good clinical indicators to evaluate tooth mobility.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.391-404
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• 2000

This study investigated the geochemical characteristics of mine drainage discharged from an abandoned coal mine in the Hwasoon area. Surface water samples were collected from 23 locations along the Hancheon creek. The concentration of Zn and Cu in stream waters was highest at low pH (3.53), whereas the content of TDS and TDI was highest at high pH (7.78) due to the concentration of Ca, $HCO_3$ and $SO_4$. At the upstream site, the Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, and $SO_4$ contents were relatively high but decreased significantly with the distance from the coal mine. On the contrary, the Na and $NO_3$ contents were low at the upstream site but increased downstream. Yellow precipitate material collected in the Hancheon consisted mainly of iron and LOI. This yellow precipitate was heated from 100 to $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. With increasing temperature, the intensity of hematite peaks were sharply produced in X-ray pattern and the absorption band Fe-O of hematite increased in IR due to dehydration and melting. The yellow to brown precipitate and evaporite materials were collected by a air-dry from the acid mine water at the laboratory. After drying, the concentration of ions in the acid water samples increased progressively in oversaturation with respect to either gypsum, ferrohexahydrite or quenstedetite. The X-ray powder diffraction studies identified that the precipitated and evaporated materials after drying were well crystallized gypsum, ferrohexahydrite and quenstedetite. Diagnostic peaks used for identification of gypsum were the 7.65, 4.28, 3.03, 2.87 and 2.48$\AA$ peaks and those for ferrohexahydrite were the 5.46, 5.12, 4.89, 4.44, 4.05, 3.62, 3.46, 3.40, 3.20, 3.03, 2.94, 2.53, 2.28, 2.07, 1.88 and 1.86${\AA} peaks. The IR spectra with OH-stretching, deformation of $H_2O$and ${SO_4}^{2-}$stretching vibration include the existence of gypsum, ferrohexahydrite and quenstedetite in the precipitated and evaporite materials. In the SEM and EDS analysis for the evaporite material, gypsum with well-crystallized, acicular, and columnar form was distinctly observed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2018

In this study, We developed a Ancillary device for child radiography for X-ray of children under 5 years old and verified its effectiveness. Chest X-rays of children younger than 5 years of age were performed by Supine method at the position of Table detector, Short - Source to Image Receptor Distance(SID). Existing Supine and Short -SID imaging methods cause many problems, such as errors in image reading and excessive radiation exposure dose to patients, but the use of an Ancillary device for child radiography(ADCR) solves these problems. A total of 160 children were divided into the Upright group using ADCR and Supine group without ADCR. The chest X-ray image was visually evaluated by two radiologists with reference to the European Commission's List of Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Pediatrics. The total score of the qualitative evaluation was 5.15% higher in the chest upright method using ADCR than in the chest supine method without ADCR, and the chest upright method score was higher than that of the chest supine method in items 1 to 7. whether infants have deep inspiration or not, 4.87% higher for item 1, whether infants rotate or not and the degree of tilting, 0% higher for the item 2, the reproduction of image from just above apices of lungs to T12/L1, 0% for the item 3, reproduction of the vascular pattern in central 2/3 of the lungs, 6.92% higher for the item 4, reproduction of the trachea and the proximal bronchi, 12.9% higher for the item 5, visually sharp reproduction of the diaphragm and costo-phrenic angles, 10% higher for the item 6, reproduction of the spine and paraspinal structures and visualisation of the retrocardiac lung and the mediastinum, and 3.65% higher for the item 7. Items 2 and 3 showed no statistically significant differences(P > 0.05), and items 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed statistically significant differences(P < 0.05). In conclusion, Upright method using ADCR in pediatric chest X-ray is considered as a good alternative to existing Supine method.