• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2019

Climate change and drought stress are having profound impacts on crop growth and development by altering crop physiological processes including photosynthetic activity. But finding a rapid, efficient, and non-destructive method for estimating environmental stress responses in the leaf and canopy is still a difficult issue for remote sensing research. We compared the relationships between photochemical reflectance index(PRI) and various optical and experimental indices on soybean drought stress under climate change conditions. Canopy photosynthesis trait, biomass change, chlorophyll fluorescence(Fv/Fm), stomatal conductance showed significant correlations with midday PRI value across the drought stress period under various climate conditions. In high temperature treatment, PRI were more sensitive to enhanced drought stress, demonstrating the negative effect of the high temperature on the drought stress. But high CO₂ concentration alleviated the midday depression of both photosynthesis and PRI. Although air temperature and CO₂ concentration could affect PRI interpretation and assessment of canopy radiation use efficiency(RUE), PRI was significantly correlated with canopy RUE both under climate change and drought stress conditions, indicating the applicability of PRI for tracking the drought stress responses in soybean. However, it is necessary to develop an integrated model for stress diagnosis using PRI at canopy level by minimizing the influence of physical and physiological factors on PRI and incorporating the effects of other vegetation indices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.139-143
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• 2002

1990 년대 후반부터 다양한 디지털 통신망을 이용하여 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 서비스가 가능하게 되었다. 하지만, 멀티미디어 컨텐츠의 전달 및 이용을 위한 기반 구조들의 독자적 발전 및 다양한 통합적 관리 체계 시스템으로 인해, 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 표현 방식의 호환성 문제, 혼재하는 네트워크 전달 방식과 단말 방식의 호환성 문제 등의 잠재적인 문제점이 발생한다. 이런 문제의 대안으로 현재 존재하는 기술 및 기반 구조들 사이의 연동을 통한 큰 프레임워크인 MPEG-21이 진행 중이다. MPEG-21 의 목표는 표준화 목표를 구체화하는 것부터 진행하여, 최종적으로 “다양한 네트워크 환경과 단말기에 있어서, 투명하고 통합적으로 멀티미디어 자원의 이용을 가능하게 하는 것”이다. 본 논문에서는 현재 표준화 작업이 진행 중인 MPEG-21 을 기반으로 하는 Testbed를 제안한다. Testbed는 server, client, DIA(Digital Item Adaptation) 의 세 모듈로 구성된다. Server 의 역할은 멀티미디어 컨텐츠를 Digital Item(DI)으로 생성하고, client 가 DI를 요구할 경우 DIA 모듈을 통해서 변환된 DI를 client 에게 제공한다. DIA 모듈은 server 에서 동작되며 client로부터 요청된 DI를 분석하고 client로부터 전송된 환경 정보를 이용하여 client 환경에 적합하게 변환된 (adapted) DI를 생성하는 것이 주 기능이다. Client 는 server 에 저장되어 있는 DI를 선택하고 user preference, terminal capability 등의 필요한 정보를 server로 전송한다. Testbed 에서는 스포츠 경기의 동영상, 정지 영상, 경기 내용 역사를 기록한 파일 등의 DI를 이용한다. 표현 언어는 XML이며, HTTP 기반의 Web 환경에서 구동되도록 설계된다.스템 사이에 의미 있는 데이터 전송, 지식 획득을 위해 정보 기술 분야에서 활용해야 할 영역으로 XML Web Services, Multi-agent Systems, 전문가 컴뮤니티를 위한 그룹웨어 연구 개발에 관해 사례 중심으로 발표한다.다 신선한 공기를 넣어 주었을 때는 배의 발달이 많이 늦어져 배양 3주째에 다른 처리보다 배의 수가 훨씬 적었다. 체세포배가 발달하는 동안에는 산소를 많이 요구하지 않으나 성숙하는 동안에는 산소를 많이 요구하는 것으로 생각된다.적인 것으로 나타났다. 다만, 곡선형은 물론 직선형에서도 열교환 튜브의 배치밀도, 튜브 길이 및 두께 등의 변화에 따른 최적화 연구가 수반되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.에서 제공된 API는 객체기반 제작/편집 도구에 응용되어 다양한 멀티미디어 컨텐츠 제작에 사용되었다.x factorization (NMF), generative topographic mapping (GTM)의 구조와 학습 및 추론알고리즘을소개하고 이를 DNA칩 데이터 분석 평가 대회인 CAMDA-2000과 CAMDA-2001에서 사용된cancer diagnosis 문제와 gene-drug dependency analysis 문제에 적용한 결과를 살펴본다.0$\mu$M이 적당하며, 초기배발달을 유기할 때의 효과적인 cysteamine의 농도는 25~50$\mu$M인 것으로 판단된다.N)A(N)/N을 제시하였다(A(N)=N에 대한 A값). 위의 실험식을 사용하여 헝가리산 Zempleni 시료(15%$S_{XRD}$)의 기본입자분포로부터 %$S_{XRD}$를 계산한 결과, 16%$S_{XRD}$의 결과값을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 도출한 관계식들이 유효함을 확인할 수 있었다.계식들이 유효함을 확인할 수 있었다.할 때 약간의 증가

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-109
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• 2002

Detection of protozoan parasites Perkinsus sp. and P. atlanticus was developed in this study using a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to diagnose the presence of those organisms that causes extensive mortalities of marine shellfishes. The PCR was conducted together with fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) method and 2 M NaOH lysis method. For the test, Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, were collected from four coastal locations in Korea including Wando Island, Gimnyeong, Sungsan and Sogwipo in Jeju. In addition, trophozites of Perkinsus sp. cultivated in vitro and the granular ark clam, Tegillarca granosa, taken from Gangjin on the south coast of Korea, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Expected DNA bands were detected in the samples from Wando Island, Sungsan and the in vitro cultured Perkinsus sp. when the probes specific for the genus Perkinsus and P. atlanticus were used. The samples were also positively diagnosed by the FTM and 2 M NaOH methods. In contrast, the Manila clams from Gimnyeong and Sogwipo, and the granular arks clams from Gangjin showed no detectable signs of infection with the PCR, the FTM method and the 2 M NaOH lysis method. On the other hand, being amplified by p. atlanticus specific primer, it is suggested that the protozoan parasite Perkinsus sp. found in the Korean Manila clam is P. atlanticus. Finally the PCR- based assay developed in the present study can be used in detection of Perkinsus infection and discrimination of Peykinsus species in quarantine stations or laboratories due to the high sensitivity and specificity as well as its rapid detection.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

The objective of the current study is to establish the CQI procedure of leadership outcome education, which is emphasized in engineering education accreditation. Leadership includes many program outcomes, especially soft skills, such as communication skill, team work skill, and etc. This paper studied leadership education program in Yeungnam University. In particular, this research was conducted by using focus group interviews with experts and working level staffs of relevant organizations for the analysis of Yeungnam University curriculum and non-curriculum courses related to leadership education and for the preparation of leadership education CQI method. In addition, we conducted leadership competence diagnosis, leadership education demand survey and satisfaction level survey on the leadership camp participants. Interviews with experts, lecturers and focus group of Dale Carnegie Research Institute Daegu branch that administered the progress of leadership camp were conducted along with analysis of education contents through non-participation observation method during camp period and participant students interviews. The conclusions are summed up as follows: To educate global leaders in true meaning, first, psychological level competence strengthening method and study completing ability improvement method should be considered simultaneously. In particular, for non-capital region universities, emphasis should be given to education for self-confidence and vision establishment. Second, leadership education methods of mid/long term and systematic curricular and extra-curricular type should be pursued. For instance, with the use of engineering design subject completing system, leadership education can be consolidated to engineering subject courses with engineering design projects or the system of mentor-pupil among earlier leadership camp participants and later participants may be utilized. Third, it is determined necessary to pursue and realize practical methods of conducting various intramural leadership related education activities in mid/long term perspective by organizing leadership education advisory group consisting of major, departments and intramural and extramural relevant organization authorities that focus on leadership education.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.789-806
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• 2010

As calls for more attention toward social minority group increases in our society recently, in the field of mathematics education more attention toward an issue about mathematics underachievers is being amplified. Thus, the present study is to examine the effects of teaching method considering students' cognitive characteristics on mathematical underachievers' problem solving and mathematical disposition. For this study, 10 fifth graders identified as mathematical underachievers based on the results of the national level diagnosis assessment and school based assessment were voluntarily selected from an elementary school in Seoul. The results of this study found out the fact that students participating in this program improved in terms of an ability both to solve problems in various ways and to explain an process of problem solving using spoken or written language and drawings. In addition, learning environment respecting students' own mathematical ideas seems to positively influence students' attitudes toward mathematics learning and mathematical dispositions. Furthermore, this study pointed out that mathematical underachievers tend to have difficulty in expressing their own mathematical thinking by reason of linguistic limitation. Finally, the findings of this study imply that for effective teaching of mathematics underachievers, these students' own informal experience and knowledge about mathematics as well as their characteristics regarding learning difficulties should be strongly considered.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

Background/Objectives: Although anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare, it is one of the deadliest forms of thyroid cancer. The fatality rate for ATC is high, and the survival rate at one year after diagnosis is <20%. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor activities of paclitaxel, radiation, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combined therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and explore its effects on apoptotic cell death pathways. Materials & Methods: ATC cell line was exposed to TKI, lenvatinib in the presence or absence of paclitaxel with radiation, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Effects of the combined treatment on cell cycle and intracellular signaling pathways were assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. The ATC cell line xenograft model was used to examine the anti-tumor activity in vivo. Results: Our data revealed that the combined administration of paclitaxel, TKI, and radiation decreased cell viability in ATC cells, and also significantly increased apoptotic cell death in these cells, as demonstrated by the cleavage of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. This combination therapy reduced anti-apoptotic factor levels in ATC cells, while significantly decreasing tumor volume and increasing survival in ATC xenografts. Conclusion: These results indicate that administering the combination of paclitaxel, TKI, and radiation therapy may exert significant anticancer effects in preclinical models, potentially suggesting a new clinical approach for treating patients with ATC.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-64
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• 1999

The major concern for this research is to discuss and to offer some solutions to bring the effectiveness of existing notifiable diseases reporting system over the physicians' attitudes of reporting, the actual condition of performance and the reasons of inertia in notifiable diseases reporting through examining the physicians of medical institutions in nationwide such as pediatrics, internal medicine and family medicine. The actual conditions of notifiable communicable diseases(NCD) reporting was surveyed by mail objectifying an internal medicine, pediatrics and family medicine in nationwide on the basis of stratified random sampling method divided into the classification of medical institutions and areas. As a result of survey. the rate of respondents showed 145 persons from physicians, 105 persons from hospitals. 120 persons from general hospitals, and 51 persons from tertiary hospitals. The total number of respondents were 421 and was rated 59.0 %. The analysis of collected survey went through a descriptive analysis primarily to grasp physicians' attitudes on the notifiable communicable diseases reporting, and then upon the dependent variables. Following are major findings obtained form the data analysis. 1. The results of a descriptive analysis on physicians' attitudes towards reporting NCD were as follows: First, the respondents who didn't know that yellow fever is reporting NCD were 11.0% of clinic, 10.5% of hospital. 5.0% of general hospital. 11.8% of tertiary hospital. and in case of hepatitis B, were 26.9% of clinic, 35.2% of hospital. 35.0% of general hospital. 23.5% of tertiary hospital. Second, The rate of physicians' knowledge on penalties of not reporting the NCD by their medical institution were 35.2% of clinic, 45.7% of hospital. 36.7% of general hospital. 62.7% of tertiary hospital. Third, among the no-reporting physicians in whole, the major reason of not reporting NCD were uncertainty of diagnosis(78.9%), no need to report(46.4%), no adequate actions from PHC(29.1%), no knowledge of the cases being notifiable ones in the order of their frequencies(30.4%), meddling from PHC(29.1%), concerning of patient's privacy(26.3%). 2. To analyze the characteristics related to the physicians' behaviors to report NCD, univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to the variables related to physician, 4 medical facility, PHC, and reporting system. The result were as follows: First, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' attitude to report NCD and characteristics related to reporting in odds ratio was in the case of hospital. 3.4 times higher positive responses on physicians' attitude to report NCD came up as compared to the clinic. Second, the result of the univariate analysis on physicians' action of reporting NCD and characteristics related to reporting by the classification of medical institutions showed that the odds ratio of hospital was 2.3 times, the odds ratio of general hospital was 2.0 times, the odds ratio of tertiary was 6.8 times significantly higher than clinic. And the medical institution with significantly higher positive attitudes rate by multiple logistic regression analysis was hospital that rated 2.5 times significantly higher than clinic. Also in the PHC related characteristics of reporting, the rate of action in reporting NCD was significantly higher in medical institution that were endowed with the good condition of reporting. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the medical institution that has a good conditions of reporting showed a significantly higher positive rate on the action of reporting than the others.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed at analyzing the characteristics and symptoms in home-based hospice-palliative care (HBHPC) patients registered at local public health centers. Methods: A retrospective study was performed; Data of 144 HBHPC patients registered at six public health centers in Pusan City were analyzed, including their initial visit records (registration cards, initial pain evaluation and symptom evaluation). Results: The average age of the patients was 67.7 years old. Among all, 46.2% of the patient lived alone, and 65% had middle school education or lower. The most popular (36.3%) religion was Buddhism, and 47.5% received medical assistance from the government. The most frequent diagnosis was lung cancer followed by stomach cancer and liver cancer in that order. Of all, 48.9% were functionally too weak to lead a daily life, 39.6% were under cancer treatment when registered at the public health center, and 84.5% were aware of the fact that they have reached the terminal phase. Moreover, 83.6% complained about pain, and the pain level was moderate or severe in 36.5% of them. Besides pain, fatigue was the most complained symptom (84.7%), and 49.3% of them rated their fatigue as moderate or severe. Conclusion: Most of the HBHPC patients were socio-economically underprivileged and complained about moderate or worse pain and symptoms. Therefore, it appears necessary to develop an integrated strategy that is tailored for each patient reflecting their characteristics.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

Recent advances in techniques and strategies use to detect cancer in its early stages and to treat it effectively has the survival rate of cancer patients and the number of long-term cancer survivors continually increasing. Unfortunately, many cancer survivors are at risk for various late and long-term effects of cancer treatments including the radiotherapy. Long-term cancer survivors can be also seen for a hospice and palliative care because of cancer recurrence and they are at risk of delayed reactions to radiotherapy. So, the understanding and knowledge of radiation reactions is required for the proper medical diagnosis, management, and coordination of the potential reactions that may occur in these care setting. In effort to increase the survival rate in cancer patients and to decrease the adverse effects of cancer treatment, many clinical studies have been and continue to be conducted. The efforts of these studies have thus resulted in the advancement of cancer treatments. Regrettably, the overall interest in how to manage adverse effects of cancer treatment such as radiotherapy appears seemingly low in clinical practice and its advanced studies as a whole are delayed and deficient. It is imperative that the medical community show an enthusiastic interest in the aftercare of cancer patients and cancer survivors in order to create a complementary integrative approach that will eliminate radiotherapy related pain/discomfort or illness in hospice and palliative care settings.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Ultra-wide-angle wireless endoscopes are demonstrated in this paper. The endoscope is composed of an ultra-wide-angle camera module and wireless transmission module. A lens unit with the ultra-wide FOV of 162 degrees is designed and manufactured. The lens, image sensor, and camera processor unit are packaged together in a $3{\times}3{\times}9-cm3$ case. The wireless transmission modules are implemented based on UWB- and WiFi-based platform, respectively. The UWB-based module can transmit HD video to a computer in resolution of $2048{\times}1536$ (QXGA) and the frame rate of 15 fps in MJPEG compression mode. The maximum data transfer rate reaches 41.2 Mbps. The FOV and the resolution of the endoscope is comparable to a medical-grade endoscope. The FOV and resolution is ~3X and 16X higher than that of a commercial high-performance WiFi endoscope, respectively. The WiFi-based module streams out video to a smart device with th maximum date transfer rate of 1.5 Mbps at the resolution of $640{\times}480$ (VGA) and the frame rate of 30 fps in MJPEG compression mode. The implemented components show the feasibility of cheap medical-grade wireless electronic endoscopes, which can be effectively used in u-healthcare, emergency treatment, home-healthcare, remote diagnosis, etc.