• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.212-223
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• 2010

Objectives : The aims of this study were to evaluate whether gastric contractility could be measured by bowel sound of rats, and whether gastrointestinal side effect of any herbal restoratives would be related with their inhibition of gastric contraction. Methods : Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were used as a gastric hypocontraction model. At the time of 6 weeks after induction of diabetes, 2mL of normal saline (NS) and 2mL of extract solution each containing 125mg/kg of Bojoongikki-tang (BJ), Sipjeondaebo-tang (SJ), Youngkaechulgam-tang (YG) were given to Normal (NR) and diabetic rats (DR), respectively. Bowel sound was recorded for 30 minute in fasting, and 120 minute of their administration. Gastric motility index was serially calculated with the ratio of accumulated potentials of post-administration/fasting state every 10 minutes. Results : Gastric contractility between NR and DR could be significantly distinguished by bowel sound auscultation. BJ had a decreasing effect, SJ had a bidirectional effect, and YG had an increasing effect on gastric contractility measured by bowel sound auscultation. Conclusions : BJ showed the possibility of inhibitory effects on gastric contraction. So, before administration, a gastric motility test should be recommended to prevent possible side effects in patients with gastric hypocontractility.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.197-201
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• 2005

Studies with diabetic mammalian systems showed that chiro-inositol administration decreased blood glucose levels. We investigated which foodstuffs contain large amounts of chiro-inositol by surveying vegetables, edible plants and other staples in an effort to explore the nutritional or therapeutic supplements of chiro-inositol for diabetic patients. In the course of our investigation, we found that soybean and soybean derivatives have high chiro-inositol levels (upto 20 mg/g). The purified chiro-inositol from the soybean was then tested for reducing hyperglycemia by administrating the chiro-inositol in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. The results showed that the intragastric administration of 50 mg chiro-inositol/kg BW lowered hyperglycemia by $40\%$ and that the effect was sustained for approximately 12 hr.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

To determine the effect of diabetes on root resorption in periodontitis, we investigated odontoclast formation and root resorption in diabetic rats with periodontitis. Odontoclast formation was observed in three groups of F344 rats: Controls (C) were normal rats without diabetes or periodontitis; the periodontitis (P) group had mandibular first molars to be ligatured; the periodontitis with diabetes (PD) group was intravenously administered streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) to induce diabetes and had mandibular first molars to be ligatured. On days 3, 10, and 20 after ligature, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and receptor activator of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL) expression, odontoclast formation, and root resorption areas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, respectively. The PD group showed frequent urination, weight loss, and hyperglycemia. Numbers of TNF-${\alpha}$- and RANKL-positive cells were higher in the P and PD groups than in the C group. It was more prevalent in PD group on day 3. Odontoclast formation was greater in the P and PD groups than in the C group on days 3 and 10, then decreased to same level as the C group by day 20. Root resorption in the PD and P groups showed increases on days 3 and 10, respectively, compared to the C group. These results suggest that diabetes may transiently increase root resorption on day 3 with high expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and RANKL after periodontitis induction. This study could aid the understanding of root resorption in diabetic patients with periodontitis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.517-523
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• 2021

The present study aims to investigate the impact of hydrogen-rich water on the lactic acid level in metformin-treated diabetic rats under hypoxia. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including normal diet group, and diabetes model (DM) group, DM + metformin treatment (DMM) group, DMM + hypoxia treatment (DMMH) group and DMMH + hydrogen-rich water (DMMHR) group. We found that the levels of lactic acid, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the blood of DMMHR group than DMMH group. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in liver and heart were significantly higher in DMMH group after hydrogen-rich water treatment, while malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione levels were decreased in DMMHR group when compared with DMMH group, which indicates that hydrogen-rich water could reduce oxidative stress. qPCR analysis demonstrated that that pro-apoptotic genes Bax/Caspase-3 were upregulated in DM group and metformin treatment suppressed their upregulation (DMM group). However, hypoxic condition reversed the effect of metformin on apoptotic gene expression, and hydrogen-rich water showed little effect on these genes under hypoxia. HE staining showed that hydrogen-rich water prevented myocardial fiber damages under hypoxia. In summary, we conclude that hydrogen-rich water could prevent lactate accumulation and reduce oxidant stress in diabetic rat model to prevent hypoxia-induced damages. It could be served as a potential agent for diabetes patients with metformin treatment to prevent lactic acidosis and reduce myocardial damages under hypoxic conditions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2019

Most diabetic patients experience diabetic mellitus (DM) urinary bladder dysfunction. A number of studies evaluate bladder smooth muscle contraction in DM. In this study, we evaluated the change of bladder smooth muscle contraction between normal rats and DM rats. Furthermore, we used pharmacological inhibitors to determine the differences in the signaling pathways between normal and DM rats. Rats in the DM group received an intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and measured blood glucose level after 14 days to confirm DM. Bladder smooth muscle contraction was induced using acetylcholine (ACh, $10^{-4}M$). The materials such as, atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist), U73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), DPCPX (an adenosine $A_1$ receptor antagonist), udenafil (a PDE5 inhibitor), prazosin (an ${\alpha}_1$-receptor antagonist), papaverine (a smooth muscle relaxant), verapamil (a calcium channel blocker), and chelerythrine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) were pre-treated in bladder smooth muscle. We found that the DM rats had lower bladder smooth muscle contractility than normal rats. When prazosin, udenafil, verapamil, and U73122 were pre-treated, there were significant differences between normal and DM rats. Taken together, it was concluded that the change of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release mediated by PLC/IP3 and PDE5 activity were responsible for decreased bladder smooth muscle contractility in DM rats.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2010

Hypoglycemic encephalopathy is a rare problem among diabetic patients who are receiving treatment with insulin or other glucose-lowering drugs. The MRIs of patients with hypoglycemic encephalopathy commonly show scattered lesions in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia, but lesions in the cerebellum or brain stem are extremely rare. A 44-year-old alcoholic woman without diabetes was admitted with a semicomatose mentality and seizure with severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy with extensive brain lesions seen on MRI at the middle cerebellar peduncle and midbrain, as well as in the other brain areas.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Patients with diabetes mellitus show delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to infection. Therefore, the effects of diabetes on pulpal and periodontal healing should be taken into consideration when treating diabetic dental traumatized patients. This case presents the treatment for dental traumatized 20 yr old female with uncontrolled type II diabetes. The traumatized upper central incisors had showed pulpal healing in early days. However, 7 mon after the trauma, the teeth had been diagnosed with pulp necrosis with apical abscess. Eventually, non surgical root canal treatment on the teeth had been performed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.316-322
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• 2012

Objectives: Abdominal obesity increases mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease and there is a possibility that smoking effects obesity. However, previous studies concerning the effects of smoking on obesity are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking is positively related to abdominal obesity in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Subjects consisted of 2197 type 2 diabetic patients who visited Huh's Diabetes Center from 2003 to 2009. Indices of abdominal obesity were defined as visceral fat thickness (VFT) measured by ultrasonography and waist circumference (WC). Overall obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI). Results: Statistically significant differences in WC and VFT by smoking status were identified. However, there was no statistical difference in BMI according to smoking status. Means of WC and VFT were not significantly higher in heavy smokers and lower in mild smokers. Compared to nonsmokers, the BMI confounder adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for VFT in ex-smokers and current-smokers were 1.70 (1.21 to 2.39) and 1.86 (1.27 to 2.73), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking status was positively associated with abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review the effects of exercise intervention on blood glucose control in obese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: The PubMed and KERISS search engines were used and 61 papers that met the key questions were selected. RESULTS: Exercise is an effective intervention for the control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients because it does not impair glucose transport in the skeletal muscle induced by muscle contractions. Insulin resistance, which is characteristic of type 2 diabetes, is caused by decreased insulin sensitivity or insulin responsiveness. Acute exercise improves the glucose metabolism by increasing the insulin-independent signaling pathways and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, and regular long-term exercise improves the skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness and systemic glucose metabolism by increasing the mitochondrial and GLUT4 protein expression in the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION: The improvement of the glucose metabolism through exercise shows a dose-response pattern, and if exercise consumes the same number of calories, high intensity exercise will be more effective for the glucose metabolism. On the other hand, it is practically difficult for a patient with obese type 2 diabetes to control their blood glucose with high intensity or long-term exercise. Therefore, it will be necessary to study safe adjuvants (cinnamic acid, lithium) that can produce similar effects to high-intensity and high-volume exercises in low-intensity and low-volume exercises.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4963-4965
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• 2012

Objective: To diagnose renal cell carcinoma at early stages and for better prognosis, the main objective of our current study was to understand any association with diabetes with relation to age, gender, history of disease, diabetic laboratory parameters, tumor size and grade. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ December, 2011 and $31^{st}$ May, 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, HbA1c, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose. One way ANOVA was applied to examine statistical significance of differences between groups. The LSD post hoc test was used for the comparison of means of case groups. Results: Of the total 140 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 79 patients were also suffering from diabetes mellitus. The number of females (47) was more in diabetic RCC patients when compared to males (32). Significance was observed in levels of serum creatinine for tumor size >10cm ($0.0001^*$). The highest value of glycated hemoglobin (8.9%) and fasting blood sugar(148.3mg/dl)in cases of renal cell carcinoma along with diabetes mellitus was found in tumour size of 1-5cm. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus has independent prognostic significance in RCC in relation to tumour size and grade.