• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.218-229
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a hereditary disease that is also strongly dependent on environmental factors, lifestyles, and dietary habits. This study explored the relationship between lifestyle habits and glycosylated hemoglobin management in T2DM patients to provide empirical outcomes to improve T2DM management and patient health literacy. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study enrolled 349 diabetic patients with more than 5 care visits to a Diabetes Mellitus care network under the Health Management Plan led by Taiwan Department of Health (DOH). Based on relevant literature, an Outpatient Record Form of Diabetes Mellitus Care was designed and lipid profile tests were conducted for data collection and analysis. RESULTS: When modeling the data, the results showed that the odds for HbA1c > 7.5% in T2DM patients duration over 10 years was 3.785 (P = 0.002) times that in patients with disease duration of fewer than 3 years. The odds of HbA1c > 7.5% in illiterate patients was 3.128 (P = 0.039) times that in patients with senior high school education or above. The odds of HbA1c > 7.5% in patients with other chronic illness was 2.207 (P = 0.019) times that in participants without chronic illness. Among 5 beneficial lifestyle habits, the odds of HbA1c > 7.5% in patients with 2 or 3 good habits were 3.243 (P = 0.003) and 3.424 (P = 0.001) times that in patients with more than 3 good habits, respectively. CONCLUSION: This empirical outcome shows that maintaining a good lifestyle improves T2DM management and patients' knowledge, motivation, and ability to use health information. Patients with longer disease duration, education, or good lifestyle habits had optimal HbA1c management than those in patients who did not. Thus, effective selfmanagement and precaution in daily life and improved health literacy of diabetic patients are necessary to increase the quality of T2DM care.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of cardiovascular risk factors of type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Diabetic patients (N=160) were interviewed from November, 2003 to June, 2004. The 24 hour dietary recall, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for patient with Type 2 diabetes, the Revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure Scale and Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index were used to measure the predictors. Data were analyzed by descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: Mean dietary intakes of the participants were protein(P) of 64.5g, carbohydrate(C) of 280.74g, fat(F) of 30g, and calcium of 511.45mg. The ratio of CPF was 75:17:8. About 45% of the participants didn't exercise on a regular basis. The levels of self-efficacy, self-care, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were moderate. Self-efficacy was the most important predictor of cardiovascular risk factors along with self-care, exercising for more than 6 months, carbohydrate intakes and levels of physical activities. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that intervention programs increasing self-efficacy on diabetic management would be more beneficial than the fractional approach focusing only on diet or physical activities.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status and diabetes management of diabetic patients in the Health Center. General characteristics, food habits, food intakes and the knowledge about diet therapy were investigated from ninety one diabetes subjects. Anthropometric assessment such as weight, hight, triceps skinfold thickness, and biochemical measurement of fasting blood glucose(FBG), post prandial 2 hours blood glucose(PP2), and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) were obtained form the subjects. The results were summarized as following : 1. The average of age was 60.9 years old and 83.5% of subjects was illiterate and primary school graduated. 2. Relative Body Weight(RBW) and % body muscle were 96.18${\pm}$13.6 and 33.56${\pm}$7.01%, respectively. Obese subjects whose body weight exceeded 120% of the ideal values were 3.3%. 3. The 86.8% of subjects were managed by oral hyperglycemic agents. 4. The mean of FBG, PP2, HbA1c were 140.75${\pm}$44.43mg/㎗, 7.60${\pm}$1.88%, respectively. 5. The mean daily intake of calorie was 1407㎉, and 73.6% of subjects lower caloric intake than prescribed calorie. when the degree of dietary compliance was expressed as Tunbridge score, 18.7% of total subjects was grouped as satisfactory, where as 20.9% and 60.4% could be considered as tolerable and hopeless, respectively. The nutrients intake were lower than RDA except for Vitamin A and Vitamin C and the ratio of carbohydrate : protein : fat was 72 : 14 : 14. 6. The mean score of knowledge test about diet therapy was 3.52${\pm}$2.19 out of possible 14.00 points. The above results suggested that the most of diabetic patient showed the poor nutritional status and they faced the lack of knowledge about diabetes management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3255-3258
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• 2016

Background: There has been much research work in the past to ascertain the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer, but definitive evidence has been scanty. The present study was carried out to determine the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with breast cancer in the female population of Northern Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Oncology Department of NORI Hospital. A total of 400 patients were included. Data were entered into PSPP 0.8.1. Two-tailed significance tests were used and a p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were a higher percentage of postmenopausal women in the diabetic breast cancer patients' group as compared to the non-diabetic subset. The odds ratio for the association between diabetes and risk of developing breast cancer was elevated with statistical significance (OR = 2.96; 95 % CI =1.3-6.3; p-value=0.004). The results of our study showed that diabetes is associated with a risk of developing breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women (OR = 4.928; 95 % CI = 2.1-11.3; p-value=0.001). The association was particularly marked in obese subjects (OR = 31.49; 95 % CI = 1.8-536; p- value=0.01), as compared to non-obese subjects (OR = 0.642; 95 % CI = 0.2-1.7). Conclusions: Diabetes is strongly associated with obesity and it tends to increase the risk of breast Cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. A high-risk subset for breast cancer comprised postmenopausal, diabetic and overweight women.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2008

당뇨병은 인슐린 분비 또는 인슐린 작용의 장애로 발생하는 대사질환이다. 그 중 제1형 당뇨병은 흔히 혈당 조절이 어려우며 눈과 신장을 침범하는 미세혈관합병증이 발생할 수 있다. 당뇨병성 신병증은 소아에서 흔하지 않지만 신부전까지 일으킬 수 있는 심각한 질환이다. 그런데, 많은 연구들에서 당뇨병이 사춘기 전에 발생하는 경우보다 사춘기나 그 이후에 발생하는 경우에 미세혈관 합병증의 발생이 증가한다는 사실이 알려졌다. 사춘기 전에 발생한 소아 당뇨병성 신병증은 국내에서 보고된 예가 거의 없는 상태로, 저자들은 여러 차례의 당뇨병성 케톤산혈증의 과거력이 있으며 혈당 조절이 불량했던 제 1형 당뇨병 소아 환자에서 혈뇨와 단백뇨가 관찰되어 조직 검사를 통해 사춘기 전에 발생한 당뇨병성 신병증을 확진한 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

Background: Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) is valuable for the evaluation of the central pathway. However, peripheral neuropathy sometimes renders the test useless by preventing the conduction from reaching the CNS. We postulated that the peripheral conduction problems could be overcome by proximal stimulation in SSEP and wanted to verify this in the study. Methods: Twenty patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy were included. SSEP was elicited by stimulating the median and posterior tibial nerves. We compared the effect of distal and proximal stimulations in each SSEP in the aspect of presence/absence and various latencies of resultant waves. Results: Among the 40 cases, proximal stimulation caused reappearance of subsided waves in 10 cases (25%). In the median nerve SSEP, proximal stimulation made EN1 and CN2 visible which were not evident when distally stimulated. In the posterior tibial nerve SSEP, there was also improvement of forming waves when proximally stimulated. Conclusions: In the diabetic polyneuropathy, proximal stimulation of SSEP is more effective than the conventional distal stimulation in evaluating central pathway.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study aimed to develop guidelines regarding initial choice of antibiotics for diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) by investigating bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: This study included 223 DFU patients that visited a single tertiary hospital and underwent bacterial culture between January 2016 and February 2020. The study was conducted in two parts: 1) to compare bacterial isolates and wound healing according to comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), and 2) to compare bacterial isolates according to wound depth using the Wagner classification. Results: Of the 223 patients, 43 had CKD (group A), 56 had PAD (group B), 30 had CKD and PAD (group C), and 94 had none of these comorbidities (group D). The isolation rate for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MRGNB) and gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria ratio were highest in group C (p=0.018, p=0.038), and the proportion that achieved wound healing was lowest in group C (p<0.001). In the second part of the study, subjects were classified into 5 grades by wound depth using the Wagner classification; 13 grade I, 62 grade II, 60 grade III, 70 grade IV, and 17 grade V. No significant difference was observed between these grades in terms of isolation rates or gram-negative to gram-positive bacteria ratios. Conclusion: This study suggests antibiotics that cover gram-negative bacteria including MRGNB produces better results in the presence of CKD and PAD and that initial antibiotic choice should be based on the presence of CKD and PAD rather than wound depth.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2019

신장질환은 당뇨병환자에서 흔한 합병증이며, 알부민뇨 배설의 증가, 사구체여과율의 감소가 특징적이다. KDIGO 분류에 따라 6기 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 이용하여 알부민뇨와 사구체여과율에 따라 특성을 분석하였다. 당뇨환자를 KDIGO의 분류에 따라, Low risk 72.0%, Moderate risk 19.3%, High risk 5.6%, Very high risk 3.0%이었다. 당뇨병 유병기간이 길어질수록 Low risk는 74.7%에서 52.2%로 감소하였고, Moderate~Very high risk는 25.4%에서 47.8%로 상승하였다. 위험요인은 CKD stage 1 (HR 2.064) ~ stage 4 (HR 11.049)로 고혈압의 위험도가 가장 높았다. 고혈압 유병기간에 따라 신장질환의 발생빈도는 상승하였고, 적정 혈압을 유지하는 군에서 신장질환의 위험도 0.42가 감소하였다. 고혈압 환자에서 적정 혈압으로 관리하는 군이 그렇지 않은 군보다 42%의 신장질환의 감소효과가 있었다. 그러므로 고혈압을 적정혈압으로 조절 및 관리하는 것이 신장질환의 예방에 있어 중요하다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.74-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive self-management program promoting self efficacy for Type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: The study was a methodological research design in which previous related research was reviewed to develop the comprehensive self-management program promoting self efficacy using self efficacy theory. Results: Comprehensive self-management programs promoting self efficacy included the whole range of eight self-management domains: diet, exercise, medication, self-testing of blood glucose, complication or foot, stress, time, and general health, and consisted of four sources of self efficacy: enactive mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states, as strategies to promote self efficacy. Developmental methods included, in addition to large and small group education, individual education or counseling, and telephone counseling. Conclusion: Further studies are needed in community health centers or hospitals to establish the effects on self-management compliance and glycemic control of the comprehensive self-management program promoting self efficacy.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the education using short messaging service(SMS) on fasting blood sugar(FBS) and diabetes adherence. Method : Forty-five diabetic patients being assessed pre and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of the education. Participants were requested to input the FBS and 2 hours post-prandial blood sugar everyday in http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet. The goal of the education was to lower FBS and keep diabetes adherence. The education was applied to the for 12 weeks. The education consisted of continuous education and reinforcement of diet, exercise, medication adjustment, as well as frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. The education performed weekly. All medication adjustments were communicated to the participants' doctor. FBS and diabetes adherence were measured before and after the education. Results : The education using SMS of cellular phone had decrease FBS and increase oral medication taking, exercise, foot care, and hypoglycemia preparation adherence.