• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.425-431
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• 2009

To provide fundamental educational materials for the effective management of patients with high blood pressure and diabetes in korea, and to expand the scope of such educational businesses the survey was administered between September 2007 and February 2008 to 1,213 consenting patients suffering from high blood pressure and diabetes in private medical centers within Daejeon in Korea. The patients were provided with standardized education materials and were monitored whether they were conducting a controlled management of their blood pressure and diabetes level as well as monitoring changes in their daily routine. Out of the 1,213 patients, 51.3% of the patients suffered only from high blood pressure, 26.3% suffered only from diabetes and 22.4% suffered from both high blood pressure and diabetes (Condor difference was not considered in this research). Physical education was the most commonly used education upon visitation to these medical centers, which was then followed by eating habits and weight management, respectively. The education demanded and preferred from the patients was similar to the education provided during the visitations. 56.7% of the medical doctors responded that the majority of the patients were passive in controlling and managing their illnesses. 63.7% of the participants believed that the education provided through this research was effective.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.485-497
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the developed nutrition education program focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using Food Exchange System for diabetes mellitus at a community health center. Developed the nutrition education program, four weeks' nutrition education including provided twice individual meal as diet therapy (2 hour/lesson/week, 4 week), was provided to 20 diabetic elderly (12 male, 8 female, 50-75 yrs): 1st lesson "Introduction: management of diabetes mellitus", 2nd lesson "6 Food groups and sources of 6 food groups", 3rd lesson "Individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units", and 4th lesson "Food choice for diabetes mellitus". For effects' analysis of the developed program, we assessed the changes in anthropometric characteristics; biochemical characteristics and nutrient intakes using 24 hr recall method. Effects of the developed nutrition education program were as follows: weight was significantly decreased, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were significantly decreased, and distribution of subjects in BUN and HbA1c was significantly changed. In protein : fat : carbohydrate (PFC) ratio, it was significantly changed from 15.98 : 16.30 : 66.69 to 17.51 : 18.94 : 64.10. In evaluation of nutrient intakes by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI), protein, fiber, fat, vitamin E, niacin, folic acid, calcium and zinc were shown significantly positive changes in distribution of subjects according to intake level. The index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the developed 4 weeks' nutrition education program focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using Food Exchange System for diabetes mellitus at community health center may improve the symptom of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.641-648
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• 2006

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the individual nutrition education for type 2 diabetes who participate the diabetes buffet. The subjects were 66 patients and divided into education (n=34) and control groups (n=32). The mean age of education and control groups were 59.8 and 56.6 years old, respectively. There were no differences in age and body mass index (BMI) between two groups. Initial glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), post prandial plasma glucose (PP2), total plasma cholesterol, and blood pressure were not different between two groups. But fasting blood sugar (FBS) was higher in education group than in control group. On completion of the study, the education group showed significant decreases in body weight, BMI, FBS and PP2, however, the control group showed no changes in body weight, BMI and PP2, and showed a significant increase in FBS. Initial calorie and protein intakes of the education group did not meet the prescribed amount, however, mineral and vitamin intakes were higher than estimated average requirement (EAR). By the end of study, calorie and protein intakes were significantly increased to meet the prescription. In order to evaluate the effect of diet education, awareness of calorie requirement was used as an index of understanding diet prescription. The degree of awareness of calorie requirement was dependent on age: younger patients showed higher awareness than older subjects. The subject who showed better understanding of diet prescription showed lower levels of HbA1c, FBS, and PP2 at the end of the experiment period. The results of this study clearly show that individual diabetes diet education is effective to make the patient understand their diet prescription, and is effective to control body weight and blood sugar level. Awareness of calorie requirement could be used as an index of understanding of prescribed diet. Since age is an important variable to determine the awareness of calorie requirement, different strategies of nutrition education should be developed for different age groups, especially patients over 70 years old.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.95-107
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical nurses' knowledge of DM and diabetes patient education aptitude so as to provide a basis for clinical nurse training with respect to diabetes patient education program. The data has been collected through the questionnaires of 42 items from the Knowledge on DM and each 16 item from the Importance on the elements of diabetes patient and the Recognition for clinical nurses, respectfully. 166 nurses from a general hospital who had participated in clinical nurse training in Sep. 28 and Oct. 4, 2001 were subject to respond the questionnaires. Analysis has been done by using statistical method such as percentage, average, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The findings are as follows: 1. Clinical nurses' knowledge levels of diabetes 1) The average level of nurses' knowledge about diabetes is 29.37 (right answer- finding rate: 70%), which is intermediate. 2) Amongst the nurses classified by their knowledge levels about diabetes, the group with less than one year career and that with more than 5 year careers are found to have higher knowledge levels. The item with the highest right answer-finding rate was 'Please find the wrong out of the following examples about foot care'. Meanwhile, the item with highest incorrect answer-finding rate was 'what does blood sugar control aims for amongst gestational diabetes?'. 2. Clinical nurses' importance and perception levels of educational training about diabetes 1) There were no differences amongst nurses' importance level about diabetes. 2) Nurses usually had high scores(4.30) in terms of the items related to the importances about educational training. 3) There were quite high recognitions of general characteristics and symptoms about diabetes, amongst the nurse cohorts working more than one year and less than 5 years, and over 5 years, the group belonging to the internal department, that having the previous experiences of dealing with diabetes, and that having their diabetic relatives and other close people. Meanwhile, strangely, the group who identified themselves as 'not good at treating diabetes' had a high recognition level of educational training about diabetes. 3. Relationship between knowledge levels and importance & perception levels of diabetes 1) The higher knowledge about diabetes nurses had, the more importance they recognized. 2) It is found that there was no relationship between knowledge and perception of diabetes. 3) The more importance about diabetes nurses had, the higher perception they obtained. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for systematic educational programs about diabetes including technical aspects, in order to upgrade and improve nurses knowledge levels. In addition, re-educational training should be provided at regular intervals. Further, we believe the nurses with high knowledge about diabetes and interests in the provision of educations for patients can be far more confident, and in return, patients can have better self-management about diabetes obtained through educations. Based on the above-mentioned findings, we would like to make the suggestion: re-evaluation about nurses' knowledge and cognition levels should be carried out after job training programs about diabetes.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of diabetes education program on Glucose Metabolism(blood sugar, HbA1c) and Lipid Metabolism(total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein), Self-efficacy in non-insulin independent diabetes mellitus. The study design was a non equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. Data for the study were collected from March 12 to June 19, 2001. Sixty-two research subjects were assigned to experimental(36) and control(26) groups. The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test, t-test by spsswin program The results are as follows : 1. Experimental group had higher level of glucose metabolism than control group(FBS ; t=-3.317, p=.002, HbA1c; t=-4.956, p=.000). 2. Level of lipid metabolism were partly a significant different between experimental group and control group(Triglyceride ; t=-2.108, p=.039). 3. Experimental group had higher efficacy score than control group(t=4.651, p=.000). In conclusion, the study supported the effects of diabetes education program to increase metabolism an d self-efficacy. Further study with a longitudinal design is suggested to verify the effect of diabetes education program in NIDDM and standardized diabetes education program.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.261-273
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self management and related factors that affect the self management of diabetes between the middle aged and elderly groups. Method: This study was based by the conceptual framework of Cox's interaction model of client health behavior. The subjects were two groups; the middle aged group, 80 and the elderly group, 85 who were diabetes mellitus patients. Result: In the middle aged group, gender, education and social support were significantly correlated with self-management of diabetes mellitus. In the elderly group, gender, education, social support and the duration of diagnosis were significantly correlated with self-management of diabetes mellitus. In too middle aged group, the intrinsic motivation of diabetes mellitus patients and their understanding of diabetes were significantly correlated with self-management of diabetes mellitus. Understanding of diabetes and self perception were significantly correlated with self-management in middle aged group. In the elderly group, intrinsic motivation, understanding of diabetes and the attitude of the patients were significantly correlated with self-management Conclusion: In the middle aged group, maintaining a positive attitude of diabetes, reducing stress and continuous social support were important for improving self-management of diabetes mellitus. In the elderly group, enhancing their knowledge of diabetes, and maintaining continuous social support were important to improve self-management of diabetes mellitus.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 2022

As a result of a nutrition transition, chronic diseases, including diabetes, have increased in Iran. Nutrition education is a cost-effective method for modifying diet and controlling diabetes. This study aimed to examine the effect of nutrition education using MyPlate recommendations on glycemic and lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in Iranian adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. A 12-week randomized clinical trial was conducted on 44 adults aged 30-50 years from Ahvaz, Iran. The participants were divided into education and control groups. The education participants were taught the MyPlate recommendations. Serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α, and adiponectin, were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. The results showed that serum levels of FBS (p = 0.014) and HbA1c (p < 0.001) decreased significantly in the education group at the end of the study. The serum level of low-density lipoprotein in the education group declined significantly at the end of the study (p = 0.043). Furthermore, the serum level of hs-CRP (p = 0.005) declined significantly while the level of adiponectin (p = 0.035) increased in the education group at the end of the study. The evidence of this study showed that nutrition education using MyPlate recommendations is an effective method for controlling diabetes complications. A longitudinal analysis with a larger sample size is recommended to confirm the evidence of this study.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of Intenet diabetes education varied by gender. Method: An experimental group assessed pre- and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of diabetes education by nurses. Forty patients separated into two groups by gender partook in the study. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to normal range. The intervention was applied weekly for 3 months. Participants were requested to input their blood glucose level, diet, and exercise diary everyday at http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet. The researcher sent optimal recommendations to each patient using the short message service of cellular phones and wire Internet. All medication adjustments were communicated to the subjects' doctors. The plasma glucose levels, serum lipids, and care satisfaction were measured before and after the intervention. Result: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased 1.6% and 0.8% in male and female patients respectively after 3 months of education. Total cholesterol decreased 37.2mg/dl in male patients but increased 80.5mg/dl in female patients. Conclusion: These findings indicated that Internet diabetes education could improve HbA1c and total cholesterol in male patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.509-517
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and health promoting behaviors, and investigated factors affecting health-promoting behaviors of middle-aged people. Methods: From August to September 2014, a convenience sample of 264 subjects was recruited from B city and G province. The data analysis was done by ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Diabetes knowledge was $11.3{\pm}3.63$ in men and $12.7{\pm}3.74$ in women. The average levels of self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors of subjects were similar with other middle-aged individuals. Diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, and health promoting behaviors had a positive correlation with each other in both men and women. To test the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between diabetes knowledge and health promoting behaviors, a Sobel test was performed and Z-scores of 3.698(p<.001) in men and 2.748(p=.006) in women were obtained. Conclusion: Diabetes prevention education is recommended for the middle-aged community. When developing diabetes prevention program for middle-aged people, such programs should consider self-efficacy, especially in women.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diabetes education program implemented in a community hypertension and diabetes education center. Methods: Participants were thirty nine diabetic patients who received the education program in the center from May 2014 through May 2015. The education program consisted of two sessions for 2 days (45 minutes per session) regarding clinical information, nutrition and exercise for type 2 diabetes patients. Initially, they were assessed for general characteristics, knowledge on diabetes, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors. Reassessment was performed on their knowledge and self-efficacy directly after the program, and on self-care behaviors at 12 weeks after the program. Results: The mean score of diabetes knowledge was significantly increased from $5.27{\pm}2.10$ to $8.21{\pm}1.20$ (p<0.001) between before and after the program. The self-efficacy score was also significantly increased from $6.88{\pm}1.72$ to $8.16{\pm}1.47$ (p<0.001). The self-care behavior score was significantly increased from $3.59{\pm}1.89$ before the program to $4.35{\pm}1.29$ (p<0.001) at 12 weeks after the program. Conclusion: The diabetes education program may be effective on the improvement of knowledge, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients.