• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4963-4965
• /
• 2012

Objective: To diagnose renal cell carcinoma at early stages and for better prognosis, the main objective of our current study was to understand any association with diabetes with relation to age, gender, history of disease, diabetic laboratory parameters, tumor size and grade. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ December, 2011 and $31^{st}$ May, 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, HbA1c, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose. One way ANOVA was applied to examine statistical significance of differences between groups. The LSD post hoc test was used for the comparison of means of case groups. Results: Of the total 140 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 79 patients were also suffering from diabetes mellitus. The number of females (47) was more in diabetic RCC patients when compared to males (32). Significance was observed in levels of serum creatinine for tumor size >10cm ($0.0001^*$). The highest value of glycated hemoglobin (8.9%) and fasting blood sugar(148.3mg/dl)in cases of renal cell carcinoma along with diabetes mellitus was found in tumour size of 1-5cm. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus has independent prognostic significance in RCC in relation to tumour size and grade.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.175-185
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify core keywords and topic groups in the 'Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Breastfeeding' field of research for better understanding research trends in the past 20 years. Methods: This was a text-mining and topic modeling study composed of four steps: 1) collecting abstracts, 2) extracting and cleaning semantic morphemes, 3) building a co-occurrence matrix, and 4) analyzing network features and clustering topic groups. Results: A total of 635 papers published between 2001 and 2020 were found in databases (Web of Science, CINAHL, RISS, DBPIA, RISS, KISS). Among them, 3,639 words extracted from 366 articles selected according to the conditions were analyzed by text network analysis and topic modeling. The most important keywords were 'exposure', 'fetus', 'hypoglycemia', 'prevention' and 'program'. Six topic groups were identified through topic modeling. The main topics of the study were 'cardiovascular disease' and 'obesity'. Through the topic modeling analysis, six themes were derived: 'cardiovascular disease', 'obesity', 'complication prevention strategy', 'support of breastfeeding', 'educational program' and 'management of GDM'. Conclusion: This study showed that over the past 20 years many studies have been conducted on complications such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity related to gestational diabetes and breastfeeding. In order to prevent complications of gestational diabetes and promote breastfeeding, various nursing interventions, including gestational diabetes management and educational programs for GDM pregnancies, should be developed in nursing fields.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2018

Objective: Independent walking is the most essential prerequisite to maintain quality of life in older persons. The purpose of this review was to investigate the effect of fall prevention strategies on fall risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and over. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed and three other databases were searched up to October 31st, 2018 and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating fall prevention strategies for fall risk in persons who were 65 years of age or above with T2DM were included. The review extracted the following information from each study selected: first author's surname, published year, country, study population, type of intervention, intensity of intervention, comparison, measurement variables, additional therapy, summary of results, and mean and standard deviation from selected studies. Results: This review selected fourteen RCTs with 460 older adults with diabetes mellitus. Of the 14 studies, the types of intervention used to improve the risk of falls were strengthening (5), aerobic exercises (2), multimodal exercises (4), one virtual reality exercise (1), whole body vibration with balance exercise (1), and Tai Chi exercise (1). Seven RCTs were eligible for the meta-analysis. Therapeutic interventions were more effective than the control group for the Timed Up-and-Go test (-1.11; 95% CI, -1.82 to -0.41) and the 6-minute Walk Test (-1.89; 95% CI, -8.33 to 4.54). Conclusions: The results of the review suggest that interventions to prevent fall risk in older adults with T2DM should focus on strengthening, balance, aerobic, and multimodal exercises.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.7
• /
• pp.710-717
• /
• 2006

Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has been increasing for last 10 years. The increase in frequency of type 2 diabetes appears to parallel the increase in prevalence and severity of obesity in children and adolescents. The metabolic syndrome, cluster of potent risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, consists of insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are rarely seen in the young, but the pathologic processes and risk factors are associated its development have been shown to begin during childhood. In pediatrician it is important to recognize early and treat aggressively for prevention of future cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.300-309
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research to identify whether characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, their knowledge about diabetes, and self-care behavior impacted on the level of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Participants were 133 patients who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and were being seen at a hospital in Korea. The scale for knowledge about diabetes had 24 items, the scale for self-care behavior, 20 items, and the level of diabetic retinopathy was classified according to the international clinical diabetic retinopathy severity measurement standards. Results: The influence of the independent variables on the level of diabetic retinopathy showed that age, job, time since onset of Diabetes Mellitus, regular ophthalmologic examinations, and systolic blood pressure were identified as factors affecting the level of diabetic retinopathy. The explanation power of this regression model was 23.0% and it was statistically significant (F=5.42, p<.001). Conclusion: Early education about occurrence of diabetes related diseases, specifically diabetic retinopathy should be provided for patients from younger ages. Moreover, for disease management, social support is needed from co-workers and friends. Efforts to encouraged prevention and delay of diabetic retinopathy should include control of blood sugar and blood pressure.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.437-447
• /
• 1999

Type I diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic $\beta$ cells by a progressive $\beta$ cell-specific autoimmune process. The pathogenesis of autoimmune IDDM has been extensively studied for the past two decades using animal models such as the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and the Bio-Breeding (BB) rat. However, the initial events that trigger the immune responses leading to the selective destruction of the $\beta$ cells are poorly understood. It is thought that $\beta$ cell auto-antigens are involved in the triggering of $\beta$ cell-specific autoimmunity. Among a dozen putative $\beta$ cell autoantigens, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has bee proposed as perhaps the strongest candidate in both humans and the NOD mouse. In the NOD mouse, GAD, as compared with other $\beta$ cell autoantigens, provokes the earliest T cell proliferative response. The suppression of GAD expression in the $\beta$ cells results in the prevention of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. In addition, the major populations of cells infiltrating the iselts during the early stage of insulitis in BB rats and NOD mice are macrophages and dendritic cells. The inactivation of macrophages in NOD mice results in the prevention of T cell mediated autoimmune diabetes. Macrophages are primary contributors to the creation of the immune environment conducive to the development and activation of $\beta$cell-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that cause autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are both believed to be important for the destruction of $\beta$ cells. These cells, as final effectors, can kill the insulin-producing $\beta$ cells by the induction of apoptosis. In addition, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells release granzyme and cytolysin (perforin), which are also toxic to $\beta$ cells. In this way, macrophages, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells act synergistically to kill the $\beta$ cells in conjunction with $\beta$ cell autoantigens and MHC class I and II antigens, resulting in the onset of autoimmune type I diabetes.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.118-129
• /
• 2002

Nutrition is important in the management of diabetes mellitus, however, there are few little education materials specifically designed for older adults. The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education materials for prevention and management of diabetes moll for older adults. Materials developed were a booklet and four leaflets. The contents of materials were based on lesson plans. After several revisions of the draft of materials, illustrations and icons appropriate to the contents were designed using illustrator 9.0 and Photoshop 6.0. The booklet was composed of five chapters and 40 pages. The first chapter began with an introduction about diabetes and diabetes management by diet, exercise and medication. The second chapter dealt with ideal body weight, calculation of adequate caloric intake and food exchange list. The third chapter provided information for meal planning and sample menus. The fourth chapter focused on practical tips on nutritional care of diabetes, by providing tips on reducing sugars, fat and salt, and suggestions on eating for special occasions. The fifth chapter dealt with information in case of low blood sugars, exercise and foot care. The topics of the four leaflets were “Diabetes, what is it and care”, “Food exchange list and meal planning”, “Healthy eating for diabetes”, “Special care for diabetes low blood sugars, exercise and foot care” Each leaflet was composed of six sections and was printed in large paper (B4 size) for older adults. The draft of educational materials were re-viewed by four nutrition professionals and finally pilot-tested with ten adults aged 50 and older. The characteristics of the developed materials are as follows, i) messages are delivered using simple, specific information, ⅱ) messages focused on practical applicable tips, ⅲ) various pictures, illustrations and artwork were created and inserted to enhance understanding and interest, ⅳ) sections including risk factor assessment, calculation of ideal body weight and meal planning were designed to induce the user's participation, ⅴ) sample menus and food pictures were inserted in the booklet, vi) characteristics of older adults and transformed characteristics are diversely used to help the user feel familiarity. These materials are self-explanatory and can be used by older adults. These materials also can be used widely in nutrition education at public health centers or senior centers.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.3-18
• /
• 2023

Background: A chronic disease management program including patient education, recall and remind service, and reduction of out-of-pocket payment was implemented in Korea through a chronic care model. This study aimed to assess the effect of a community-based intervention program for improving medication adherence of patients with diabetes mellitus in rural areas of Korea. Methods: We applied a non-equivalent control group design using Korean National Health Insurance Big Data. Hongcheon County has been continuously adopting this program since 2012 as an intervention region. Hoengseong County did not adopt such program. It was used as a control region. Subjects were a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus aged more than 65 years but less than 85 years among residents for 11 years from 2010 to 2020. After 1:1 matching, there were 368 subjects in the intervention region and 368 in the control region. Indirect indicators were analyzed using the difference-in-difference regression according to Andersen's medical use model. Results: The increasing percent point of diabetic patients who continuously received insurance benefits for more than 240 days from 2010 to 2014 and from 2010 to 2020 were 2.6%p and 2.7%p in the intervention region and 3.0%p and 3.9%p in the control region, respectively. The number of dispensations per prescription of diabetic patient in the intervention region increased by approximately 4.61% by month compared to that in the control region. Conclusion: The intervention program encouraged older people with diabetes mellitus to receive continuous care for overcoming the rule of halves in the community. More research is needed to determine whether further improvement in the continuity of comprehensive care can prevent the progression of cardiovascular diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.16
• /
• pp.7267-7270
• /
• 2015

Introduction: Kelantan is one of the states in Malaysia which has a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM2). Other than with endometrial carcinoma, the association of DM2 with particular female cancers is not known. Objective: To determine the proportion of breast, cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancers among females with DM2 diagnosed in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) over an 11 year period. Materials and Methods: All histologically confirmed cases of breast, endometrial, cervical and ovarian carcinomas admitted to the Hospital were included in the study. The patient diabetic status was traced from the hospital medical records. Results: There was a total of 860 cases of breast, cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinomas over this period. Breast carcinoma was the commonest, accounting for 437/860 (50.8%) followed by cervix, 159/860 (18.5%), ovarian, 143/860 (16.6%) and endometrial carcinomas, 121/860 (14.1%). Out of these, 228/860 (26.5%) were confirmed diabetics. Endometrial carcinoma patients showed the highest proportion being diabetics, 42.1% (51/121), followed by ovarian cancer, 25.9% (37/143), breast carcinoma, 23.6% (103/437) and cervical cancer 23.3% (37/159). Conclusions: There is a significant proportion of DM2 among women with these four cancers, endometrial carcinoma being the highest followed by ovarian, breast and cervical carcinoma. The rising trend of these four cancers is in tandem with an increasing trend of DM2 in the community. In populations where diabetes is prevalent, screening for epithelial cancers should be rigourous. Diabetic clinics should include screening for these cancers among their female patients and gynecology clinics should screen the women they treat for their diabetes status.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.544-559
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetes and vasoelasticity effects of Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus in streptozotocin-induced type II diabetes mellitus model. Methods : The anti-diabetic effect of Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus on rats induced with diabetes by streptozotocin was investigated through analyses of changes in body weight, blood glucose, urine volume of rats, viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs), and elasticity of descending thoracic aorta in rats. The subjects in this study were divided into four groups(n=15): a normal group without any treatment (Con), a normal group with Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus treatment(Con+P), a diabetes group induced by streptozotocin(STZ), and a Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus treatment group under diabetes induced by streptozotocin(STZ+P). Rats were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Results : The study showed that Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus significantly reduced highly increased blood glucose levels(p<0.01) and prevented the diabetic rats from weight loss(p<0.01) and polyurea(p<0.05), Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus also recovered decreased viability of HUVECs(p<0.01) and damaged elasticity of aorta induced by the streptozotocin (p<0.01). Conclusions: It was concluded from the results that Mori Folium and Aurantii Fructus have a distinct anti-diabetes effect and they also prevent damage of blood vessel induced by diabetes. resulting in prevention of cardiovascular diseases ascribed to diabetes.