• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.795-801
• /
• 2017

Aralia elata Seemann (AE) has long been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus, anti-arthritic, and anti-gastric ulcer agent in Korea, Japan, and China. This study was performed to establish a simple and reliable HPLC/UV analytical method for determination of most active anti-hypertensive compound, a 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}$2)-${\alpha}$-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosylester (HE) for the standardization of the shoot extract of AE as a health functional food ingredient. The quantitative analytical method of HE was optimized by HPLC analysis using reverse-phase C18 column at $40^{\circ}C$ with $H_2O$ and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as an isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength of UV 205 nm. This HPLC/UV analytical method showed good specificity and high linearity in the tested range of 0.03125-2.0mg/ml with excellent coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.9999. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were $12.0{\mu}g/mL$ and $36.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from intra- and inter-day precision were less than 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. These results indicate that the established HPLC/UV analytical method is very simple, specific, precise, accurate, and reproducible and thus can be useful for the quantitative analysis of HE as a functional anti-hypertensive compound in AE extract.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2015

This study evaluated in vitro antioxidant activity, antioxidant content, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of ethanol extracts of samnamul (shoot of Aruncus dioicus), miyeokchwi (Solidago virgaurea), daraesoon (shoot of Actinidia arguta Planchon), and bangpungnamul (leaves of Ledebouriella seseloides), as muknamul, and fresh chamnamul (Pimpinella brachycarpa). Tocopherol content (4.8-78.3 mg/100 g) of sanchae was lower than polyphenols (4.4-12.2 g/100 g). Daraesoon with high tocopherol contents showed high antioxidant activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. Samnamul had the highest levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, the highest antioxidant activity, and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition. Antioxidant activity was correlated with flavonoid content ($r^2=0.8895$), but was not correlated with the levels of other antioxidants tested, suggesting that polyphenol content in samnamul, miyeokchwi, daraesoon, bangpung, and chamnamul might not be critical determinant of antioxidant activity. Our results strongly suggest that samnamul and daraesoon could be useful in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1387-1393
• /
• 2007

Hambag mushroom is edible mushroom, and one of new strains in Grifola frondosa. It was developed from Korean wild Grifola frondosa by National Institute Science & Technology. In this study, we investigated the effects of the powder extracted from fruit-body of hambag mushroom on hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and pancreatic cells in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) and high fat diet-induced diabetes. The diabetic rats were fed with hambag mushroom-powder (1 and 2% of diet weight) for 6 weeks. And then the levels of blood glucose and lipid and the pancreatic tissue were analyzed and compared. The diabetic rats fed with hambag mushroom-powder lost less body weight than those fed with the powder-free normal diet. flood glucose levels in the diabetic rats fed with hambag mushroom-powder at all concentrations was lower by 50% than in the diabetic rats fed with normal diet. The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in the diabetic rats fed with hambag mushroom-powder were increased compared to those in the diabetic rats fed with normal diet. There were the blood levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol by hambag mushroom-powder concentrations in a dose-dependent response. The decreased damage of pancreatic tissue in the group treated with hambag mushroom-powder could be suggested possibly as one of mechanisms for the effects of hambag mushroom-powder on hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2011

Diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular complications. Diabetic patients exhibit high levels of glycated adducts in serum compared to non-diabetic individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether extracellular glycated albumin (GA) predisposes vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to pro-inflammatory phenotype. Exposure of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) to GA not only enhanced interleukin-6 (IL-6) release but also activated promoter activity of the IL-6 gene. GA-induced IL-6 promoter activation was suppressed by dominant-negative forms of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), but not by dominant-negative-forms of TLR-2 and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-$\beta$ (TRIF). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibition and diphenyleneiodium (DPI) also attenuated IL-6 induction by GA. Mutation at the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$)-binding site in the IL-6 promoter region suppressed promoter activation in response to GA. The present study proposes that GA would contribute to inflammatory reaction in the stressed vasculature by inducing IL-6 in VSMCs, and that TLR-4, EKR, and NF-${\kappa}B$ play active roles in the process.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the physiological activities of stings of Gleditsia sinensis extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring total phenolic contents (TPC), comet assay, and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA). Anti-diabetic activity was measured by inhibition activities on $\alpha$-glucosidase. Stings of Gleditsia sinensis extracts were prepared by extracting them with methanol and ethanol. The methanolic extracts showed the highest phenol content (1.12 g/100 g gallic acid equivalents). The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts were 17.9% higher, and that of ethanol extracts were 10.3% higher at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. These results indicate that stings of Gleditsia sinensis might be potential candidates as antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1006-1011
• /
• 2014

Ginseng has been known to be highly effective for health as a traditional medicinal herb. Ginseng berry, or fruit of ginseng, contains ginsenoside, saponin, polyphenol, polyacetylene, alkaloid, etc. as the main compounds as does ginseng. The aim of this study is to evaluate any effect of ginseng berry water extract (GBE) on diabetic-associated molecules, such as enzymes, which are responsible for the glucose entry of the cells and the insulin receptor signaling molecules using HepG2 cells. Therefore, two enzymes, ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, were selected and assayed for their activities in the presence of GBE in vitro. These two enzymes are responsible for producing glucose from dietary starch. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and Akt1 are key proteins in the insulin receptor signaling pathway. These two intracellular signaling molecules were investigated for their expression levels in HepG2 cells after insulin and GBE treatment. GBE, at concentrations up to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, did not exert any inhibitory effect on ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. It was observed that the expression level of PTP1B was increased by insulin and the $25{\mu}g/ml$ GBE treatment enhanced the PTP1B level. However, GBE at a concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$ reduced the expression level of PTP1B. In the case of Akt1, the Akt1 level by insulin was decreased by GBE treatment. These data suggest that the water extracts of ginseng berry have an influence on intracellular signaling by insulin.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.9
• /
• pp.1078-1085
• /
• 2017

Free radicals have long been considered damaging to various tissues. An excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to have detrimental effects on the body and to be linked to numerous pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and skeletal muscle atrophy. On the other hand, recent findings suggest that ROS is important for maintenance and development of cellular activity. Cells respond to increased oxidative stress by adaptive changes in the expression of a variety of proteins involved in the maintenance of cellular integrity. ROS is also essential for skeletal muscle function and metabolism. It is well known that physical exercise has many health benefits. Paradoxically, physical exercise also stimulates the production of ROS, which result in oxidative stress. Based on evidence amassed in the past decade, exercise itself may be considered an antioxidant because training increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we discuss the processes underlying the generation of ROS and its role in exercise-induced adaptation based on recent evidence. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of NADPH oxidase in exercise-induced activation of insulin signaling and its effect on longevity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

Objectives : To gather information about the factors which influence the interest and intention of admission into charging nursing hones for the elderly(CNH), as these homes represent an important method for resolving the problems related to the rapid population aging occurring in Korea. Methods : A face-to-face interview survey was carried out with 320(men 159, women 165) patients over 60 years old who were admitted at 2 university hospitals and 5 general hospitals in the Busan area between December 1998 and March 1999. Data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results : The mean age and years of education of the study population was 67.0 and 7.7 years, and the types of chronic degenerative disease included musculoskeletal disorders(20.1%), cerebrovascular disease(17.1%), and diabetes(14.3%). The major forms of household living arrangement prior to admission were elderly alone(22.6%), and elderly couple(33.5%), while about half of them(55.5%) didn't want to live with their children id the future. Almost half were paying medication fees by themselves(46.6%). The level of actual intention of admission$(3.07{\pm}1.39)$ into a CNH was lower than that of interest$(3.22{\pm}1.33)$(p<0.01). Multiple analysis revealed that the intention of admission increased with decreasing number of future supportive persons$(\beta=-0.107)$, lower level of activity in daily life$(\beta=-0.447)$, and longer years of education$(\beta=-0.447)$ with 32.7% of $R^2$. As for the factors which determined the admission into a CNH, the fee and facilities were considered to be most important, and professional nursing and physician's care were the most desired services. In nomenclature, they preferred 'elderly hospital' or 'elderly health center' to CNH. Conclusions : Interest in CNH is increasing recently, but existing studies about patient experiences in CHN are still limited. This study may form a basis for future examinations of the needs and uses for CNH. Active financial support and public information are considered by the authors to be important factors for the induction of welfare services for the elderly, though CNH.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.30 no.2 s.57
• /
• pp.342-355
• /
• 1997

This research was carried out to determine the performance rate of health related practices, to measure the agreement between morbidity by doctor's diagnosis and morbidity by subject' self-reported and the degree of association between health related practices and morbidity rate by doctor's diagnosis, to identify their effects on morbidity among rural area populations. The data were gathered by volunteer residents (over the age of 20) of Haman Myeon, Haman Gun, Kyeongsangnam Do in Korea, from June 10, 1993 to June 12, 1993 (369 male and 516 female). Face to face interview, lab, chest P-A, EKG and physical examination were completed. Descriptive statistics, agreement analysis and multiple logistic regression procedures were employed for analyses. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1) Age adjusted morbidity rates by doctor's diagnosis and self-reported were 38.5% (male:37.3%, female:36.5%), 26.4% (male:33.3%, female:27.5%), respectively. Kappa coefficient between morbidity by doctor's diagnosis and morbidity by self-reported was 0.21 (male:0.21, female:0.22). 2) The frequency of disease by doctor's diagnosis was as follows: hypertension(15.3%), gastritis (9.6%), diabetes mellitus (8.5%), live. disease (8.1%), and degenerative arthritis (6.2%) in the study population. 3) Order of health practice performance rate was as follows: Males-normal body weight (62.1%), non-heavy alcohol consumption (57.5%), 7-8 hours of sleeping (50.1%), non-smoking (21.7%), and exercise (19.8%). Females- non-heavy alcohol consumption (97.3%), non-smoking (84.7%), normal body weight (57.8%), 7-8 hours of sleeping (45.0%), and exercise (9.9%). 4) There was no significant relationship between health related practice and morbidity except exercise among health related practices. 5) Health related practice index which was recategorized by high, medium, and low had effects on the probability of developing morbidity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study the maternal risk factors for preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) with a special emphasis on assessing the proportions of maternal genitourinary and periodontal infections among Indian women and their association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study comprising 790 pregnant women visiting the obstetrics clinic for a routine antenatal check-up was undertaken. Once recruited, all study participants underwent clinical and microbiological investigations for genitourinary infections followed by a dental check-up for the presence of periodontitis. The study participants were followed up until their delivery to record the pregnancy outcomes. Infectious and non-infectious risk factors for PTB and LBW were assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Independent risk factors for PTB and LBW were reported in terms of adjusted relative risk (ARR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Rates of PTB and LBW in the study population were 7.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Previous preterm delivery (ARR, 5.37; 95% CI, 1.5 to 19.1), periodontitis (ARR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.9), Oligohydramnios (ARR, 5.23; 95% CI, 2.4 to 11.5), presence of Nugent's intermediate vaginal flora (ARR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.4 to 5.1), gestational diabetes mellitus (ARR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.0 to 8.3), and maternal height <1.50 m (ARR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1) were risk factors for PTB, while periodontitis (ARR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.6 to 6.9), gestational hypertension (ARR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.3 to 10.8), maternal height <1.50 m (ARR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.1) and genital infection during later stages of pregnancy (ARR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.1) were independent risk factors for LBW. Conclusions: Our study findings underscore the need to consider screening for potential genitourinary and periodontal infections during routine antenatal care in developing countries.