• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2005

The rodent Hershberger assay is considered as a potential short term in vivo screening method for the detection of androgenic or anti-androgenic compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-androgenic activities of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP), and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP). A 10-day Hershberger assay was performed using immature Sprague-Dawley male rats castrated at 6 weeks of age. Tastosterone propionate (TP, 0.4 mg/kg/day) was administered s.c. to castrated male rats and followed by flutamide (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day) treatment for 10 days by oral gavage. Similarly, DEHP, DBP, or BBP were also administered by oral gavage at 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day after TP (0.4 mg/kg/day) administration. As expected, flutamide significantly inhibited the TP-induced re-growth of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and Levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC) at 1 mg/kg/day and above, and Cowper's glands and glans penis at 5 mg/kg/day and above. DEHP significantly (p<0.05) decreased the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, LABC and Cowper's glands weights at 1000 mg/kg/day. BBP at 1000 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited TP-induced re-growth of the LABC in the immature castrated male rats, whereas ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, and Cowper's glands weights were unaffected. In contrast to DEHP, DBP did not affect accessory sex organ weights at any concentration. Body weights, combined adrenal glands, and kidney weights were not affected, but liver weights were significantly increased at high dosages in the DEHP, DBP, and BBP treatment groups. Our observations strongly suggest that DEHP acts as an androgen antagonist at the high dose (i.e., 1000 mg/kg/day).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.385-389
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• 2014

Flavonols as a major kind of plant secondary metabolites are known for health-promoting compounds in onions (Allium cepa L.). The objectives of this study are to determine profiles of flavonol glycosides in different 75 onion accessions. A total of five flavonols (quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside, Q34'diG; quercetin 3-glucoside, Q3G; quercetin 4'-glucoside, Q4'G; isorhamnetin 4'-glucoside, I4'G; quercetin, Q) were identified from onion accessions. In positive ion mode using LC-ESI-MS, individual flavonols were confirmed from one and two glycosylation binding with aglycone such as quercetin and isorhamnetin. Total flavonol contents were distributed in white onion (range of 0.18-6.47 mg/g DW) and purple onion accessions (range of 2.39-6.47 mg/g), respectively. The mean of flavonol contents in purple onion (4.41 mg/g) showed 1.4-fold higher than white onion (3.23 mg/g). The Q34'diG and Q4'G were considered as the major compounds of flavonol glycosides in onion accessions.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.381-384
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• 2000

초음파 음장의 상대적인 변화를 측정하는데 사용하기 위한 극소형 수중 청음기를 제작하고 그 특성을 평가하였다. 압전체로서는 PVDF(Poly Vinylidene Di Fluoride) 고분자막을 사용하였으며, 수신 특성을 향상시키기 위해 임피던스 변환회로를 부가하였다. 본 논문에서는 설계된 수중 청음기의 초음파 수신특성을 Mason 등가회로에 의해 이론적으로 평가한 결과 및 극소형 수중 청음기의 제작 방법, 그리고 제작한 청음기의 초음파 수신 특성에 대하여 보고한다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2005

The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes V) contains cell bodies of primary afferent sensory neurons that relay proprioceptive information from the periodontium and masticatory muscles and function as typical sensory neurons or potentially as integrative interneurons. In the present study, we studied these two potential functions using combined experimental approaches of retrograde labeling and whole cell patch clamp recording. Mes V neurons that presumably originate from periodontal nerve fibers in subsets of Mes V nucleus were identified by retrograde labeling with a fluorescent dye, DiI, which was applied onto inferior alveolar nerve. These cells were elliptical perikarya shaped cells about $40{\mu}m$ in diameter. In these neurons, we measured high voltage-activated calcium channel (HVACC) currents. $GABA_B$ agonist, baclofen, inhibited calcium currents, and the HVACC currents inhibition by baclofen was voltage-dependent, exhibited prepulse facilitation, indicating that it was mediated by $G_i/_G_o$ protein. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Mes V neurons not only have cell bodies originating from periodontium, but also receive synaptic inputs including GABAergic neurons suggesting that Mes V neurons function as both primary sensory neurons and integrative interneurons.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.222-227
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• 2008

Citrus aurantium var. amara L., commonly known as 'bitter orange' or 'sour orange', of the family Rutaceae, has traditionally been used in the treatment of various ailments, and it possesses different types of pharmacological properties. As a part of our on-going studies on the plantsfrom the Iranian flora, the extract of C. aurantium var. amara has been studied for its weight lossproperties using the mice model. While the Sep-Pak fraction, 20% methanol (MeOH) in water, of the hydro-methanolic extract of the peels of C. aurantium var. amara fruits, when injectedintraperitoneal (i.p.) at a dose of 10 mg/kg, significantly decreased the level of weight gain of the mice in comparison with control the group (P < 0.01), the Sep-Pak fraction 80% MeOH in water decreased the initial weight of mice by 0.44% in six weeks. The administration of the total extract(10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.), and the Sep-Pak fractions, 40% and 60% MeOH in water (10 mg/kg, i.p.)did not show any significant change of weight of the test mice. Of the two active fractions, the80% MeOH in water fraction did not show any noticeable adverse effects on mice, and was therefore analysed by reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography resulting in the isolation and identification of four major components, two coumarins, meranzin hydrate (1) and bergamottin (2), and two flavonoids, xanthomicrol 5,4'-di-methyl ether (tangeritin, 3) and hymenoxin 5,7-di-methyl ether (nobiletin, 4).

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.482-488
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• 2001

Platinum group metals (pgm) are useful to many industries such as chemical, dental and medical, petroleum, refining, electrical and electronic, and automotive. Researchers at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and PGM Recovery Ltd. have developed jointly an environmentally sound and metallurgically efficient process for extracting these metals from secondary sources. Once these metals have been dissolved in the leach liquor, the individual metals mainly platinum, palladium, and rhodium, should be separated in order to recover the individual metals with high purity. During this investigation, solvent extraction has been chosen as the method used to achieve the separation and extraction of platinum, palladium, and rhodium from the leach liquor. There were three solutions used throughout this procedure: 1) Synthetic solution (200 ppm Pt 80 ppm Pd 20 ppm Rh; 300 ppm Pt, 180 ppm Pd 50 ppm Rh), and 2) Auto catalyst leach liquors (100 ppm Pt, 30 ppm Pd, 20 ppm Rh). The solvents investigated included Lix 84(2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetonphenone oxime in a mixture with 5-dodecylsalicyloxime), Lix 84-I, ACORGA CLX-50 (diester of pyridine 3,5 dicarboxylic acid), and di-hexyl sulfide. The extraction values achieved using ACORGA CLX-50, Lix 84, and Lix 84-I were respectively Pt (25%, 0% 0%), Pd (100%, 99.8%, 95.3%), and Rh (99.1%, 35.5%, 4.25%). The stripping processes for the Lix 84, and Lix 84-I were proven to be more involved than others. The solutions were required to be simultaneously heated and stirred. The percentages acquired through these processes yielded unsatisfactory results. The stripping procedure for the ACORGA CLX-50 was easier to execute, yet the percentage recovered from this process was also unsatisfactory. Overall the di-hexyl sulfide has proved to be the most successful organic for this procedure. The average percent extracted for palladium was excellent with 99.9% - 100% with very little Platinum and rhodium extracted. The ability of stripping palladium in ammonia solution was also found to be excellent.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.665-674
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• 1999

This paper confirmed the applicability of model to Korean rivers through the calibration and sensitivity analysis of LRCS rainfall runoff model for 18 storm events of Songriweon station in Nakdong river system, and achieved that LS and WLS were better than LAD by model fitting results. Diagonal element of "hat" matrix and affluence measures were used by analysis of parameter estimates, and parameter IL was the most important parameter in model output. By the results of error propagation according to parameter error, parameters IL, TP, F1 were affected by error propagation, and this is measure of sensitivity for the model output. This paper confirmed the relationship of calibration and sensitivity analysis of model through analysis of sensitivity coefficient, diagonal element $h_i$ and $D_i$._i$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.486-491
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• 2005

Physical activity can improve sensorimotor recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is highly correlated with neuronal development and axonal regeneration and present in large quantities in the axonal growth cone. Using immunofluorescene staining and anterograde and retorgrade techniques, we identified enhanced axonal regrowth in distal stump of the sciatic nerve 3-14 days after crush injury in rats with treadmill training. We also carried out western blot to investigate GAP-43 protein expression in injured sciatic nerve. GAP-43 protein levels were highly induced in the injured sciatic nerve 3, 7 and 14 days compared with sedentary group. Thus, the present data provide a new evidence that treadmill training promoted axonal re-growth after injury and increased GAP-43 protein levels in the regenerating nerve.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1253-1259
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• 2011

Let R be a prime ring, I a nonzero ideal of R and n a fixed positive integer. If R admits a generalized derivation F associated with a derivation d such that c for all x, $y{\in}I$. Then either R is commutative or n = 1, d = 0 and F is the identity map on R. Moreover in case R is a semiprime ring and $(F([x,\;y]))^n=[x,\;y]$ for all x, $y{\in}R$, then either R is commutative or n = 1, $d(R){\subseteq}Z(R)$, R contains a non-zero central ideal and for all $x{\in}R$.