• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.821-829
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• 2019

This study investigated the location of grading lines and grading amount for a jacket item by the target age groups (20-30, 30-40, and 40-50) for 17 women's wear brands. This study then utilized 7th SizeKorea data to analyze the increase rate of body size and to suggest the grading deviation distribution ratio of the jackets using regression analysis. The increase in neck girth of the jackets targeting aged 30-40s did not reflect the human body change rate. The shoulder length increased by 4.6%-8.1% with the bust girth increase; however, the brands produced longer shoulder length reflecting 20-35% of the bust girth increase. The armhole girth was 54.9% - 59.7% of bust circumstance increase rate. However, the 20-30 target age group brands distributed 80% of bust girth to armhole girth and the 30-40 and the 40-50 target age group brands distributed 50% of the bust girth to armhole. In particular, the 20-30 target age group brands were found to produce a large margin around the armhole. When it came to length items, the brands targeting 20-30s and the 40-50s reflected deviation distribution rate of length from underarm to waist and length from waist to hip in comparison with the overall jacket length deviation. The 30-40 target age group brands, 8 out of 20 brands distributed the jacket length deviation in the length from the back of neck to the underarm; consequently, only 22% percent should be distributed in this part.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Background: Neck pain can be caused by any structure in the neck, such as intervertebral discs, ligaments, muscles, facet joints, dura mater, and nerve roots. The hyoid bone is a structure that is also related to head and neck posture, neck movement and pain, but there are no studies on hyoid deviation, neck pain, and range of motion (ROM). Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fascia relaxation and mobilization of the hyoid bone on the ROM, pain, and lateral deviation of the hyoid bone. Methods: Twenty-five patients with neck pain identified by the lateral motion test (10 males [35.13 ± 7.67 years, 172.69 ± 3.90 cm, 78.77 ± 6.96 kg] and 15 females [35.13 ± 10.05 years, 161.11 ± 4.09 cm, 52.59 ± 2.98 kg]) was chosen randomly. Baseline values for pain, neck ROM, and lateral deviation in the hyoid bone were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS), goniometer, and tape measure. Then, each patient was treated with hyoid fascia relaxation and mobilization, and all results were recorded after intervention. Comparison of the results before and after intervention was analyzed using paird t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Right rotation, extension, VAS, and rotational asymmetry statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Right rotation and extension increased ROM, rotational asymmetry ratio and VAS decreased. However, there was no significant difference in flexion, left rotation, center point (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fascia relaxation and hyoid mobilization could improve the ROM of cervical extension, asymmetry of the cervical rotation and neck pain.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the number of measurement points on the calculation of transverse relaxation time (T2) with a focus on muscle T2. Materials and Methods: This study assumed that muscle T2 was comprised of a single component. Two phantom types were measured, 1 each for long ("phantom") and short T2 ("polyvinyl alcohol gel"). Right calf muscle T2 measurements were conducted in 9 healthy male volunteers using multiple-spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging. For phantoms and muscle (medial gastrocnemius), 5 regions of interests were selected. All region of interest values were expressed as the mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation. The T2 effective signal-ratio characteristics were used as an index to evaluate the magnetic resonance image quality for the calculation of T2 from T2-weighted images. The T2 accuracy was evaluated to determine the T2 reproducibility and the goodness-of-fit from the probability Q. Results: For the phantom and polyvinyl alcohol gel, the standard deviation of the magnetic resonance image signal at each echo time was narrow and mono-exponential, which caused large variations in the muscle T2 decay curves. The T2 effective signal-ratio change varied with T2, with the greatest decreases apparent for a short T2. There were no significant differences in T2 reproducibility when > 3 measurement points were used. There were no significant differences in goodness-of-fit when > 6 measurement points were used. Although the measurement point evaluations were stable when > 3 measurement points were used, calculation of T2 using 4 measurement points had the highest accuracy according to the goodness-of-fit. Even if the number of measurement points was increased, there was little improvement in the probability Q. Conclusion: Four measurement points gave excellent reproducibility and goodness-of-fit when muscle T2 was considered mono-exponential.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.483-487
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with tenacious proximal fusion (TPF) and high accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio (AC/A) types of intermittent exotropia. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 40 patients with intermittent exotropia, 23 with TPF and 17 with high AC/A. Binocular function was evaluated by Worth's 4-dot test. Patients underwent lateral rectus recession, and surgical outcomes were compared. Surgical success was defined as less than ${\pm}10$ prism diopters (PD) at 12 months postoperatively. Results: The proportion of diplopia at near, evaluated by Worth's 4-dot test, was significantly higher in patients with high AC/A than in those with TPF (35.3% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.029). The mean preoperative angles of deviation in TPF and high AC/A types were $28.3{\pm}4.4$ and $28.8{\pm}4.5PD$ at distances, and $14.7{\pm}4.2$ and $15.1{\pm}4.1PD$ at near. Twelve months after surgery, the mean angles of deviation in TPF and high AC/A types were $2.9{\pm}9.8$ and $1.2{\pm}9.6PD$, respectively, at distance and $1.7{\pm}7.7$ and $-1.3{\pm}11.3PD$ at near. The surgical success rates were similar in the TPF and high AC/A types (74.0% vs. 64.7%). Five (21.7%) patients with TPF and 2 (11.8%) with high AC/A type experienced recurrence, with consecutive esotropia occurring in 1 (4.3%) patient with TPF and 4 (23.5%) patients with high AC/A. Conclusions: The proportion of diplopia at near was higher in patients with high AC/A type than in those with TPF intermittent exotropia. However, the surgical success rates were not significantly different between the types.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

Color polarity classification is a process to determine whether the color of text is bright or dark and it is prerequisite task for text extraction. In this paper we propose a color polarity method to extract text region. Based on the observation for the text and background regions, the proposed method uses the ratios of sizes and standard deviations of bright and dark regions. At first, we employ Otsu's method for binarization for gray scale input region. The two largest segments among the bright and the dark regions are selected and the ratio of their sizes is defined as the first measure for color polarity classification. Again, we select the segments that have the smallest standard deviation of the distance from the center among two groups of regions and evaluate the ratio of their standard deviation as the second measure. We use these two ratio features to determine the text color polarity. The proposed method robustly classify color polarity of the text. which has shown by experimental result for the various font and size.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.909-916
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• 2005

The structural and electrical property of RF magnetron sputtered ZnO thin film have been studied as a function of RF power, substrate temperature, oxygen/argon gas ratio and film thickness at constant sputtering power, sputtering working pressure and target-substrate distance. To analyze a crystallo-graphic properties of the films, $\theta$/2$\theta$ mode X-ray diffraction, SEM, and AFM analyses. C-axis preferred orientation, resistivity and surface roughness highly depended on oxygen/argon gas ratio. The resistivity of ZnO thin film(6000 ${\AA}$) rapidly increased with increasing oxygen ratio and the resistivity value of $9 {\ast} 10^7 {\Omega}cm$ was obtained at a working pressure of 10 mTorr with the same oxygen/argon gas ratio. The surface roughness was also improved with increasing oxygen ratio and the ZnO films deposited with the same oxygen/argon gas ratio showed the excellent roughness value of 28.7 ${\AA}$. With increase of the substrate temperature, The C-axis preferred orientation of ZnO thin film increases and the resistivity decreases due to deviation from the stoichiometric ZnO due to oxygen deficiency.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2021

This purpose of this study is to investigate the association among mutual funds (MFs) risk measures and return parameters, evaluate mutual fund performance and also explore the best appropriate mutual fund performance measure for investment in Pakistan. Therefore, thirty-five mutual funds have been selected for the period 2007-2015. The Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen Alpha, Information ratio and Fama's Net Selectivity measures has been used to analyze MF performance. Our study findings show significant positive relation exist between Sharpe and Jenson alpha & information ratio (IR); Treynor ratio is negatively correlated to Jenson alpha and Jenson alpha is positively allied with IR. Moreover, association among performance measures, Fama's net selectivity is a major driver in leading to other measures but Sharpe and IR lead to Treynor ratio as well. Furthermore, performance measures are ranked in accordance standard deviation with the arrangement of Fama's net selectivity at top, Jenson Alpha at second, Sharpe ratio at third, IR at fourth and Treynor ratio at fifth position according to risk parameters in Pakistan. Overall, Jensen Alpha measure appears to be the best suitable mutual fund performance measure in Pakistan due to its practical nature. Finally, the Pakistani stock market index KSE100 (as benchmark) performs better than MF industry of Pakistan.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.11B
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• pp.1534-1539
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• 2001

In this paper, effects of soft handoff region on the reverse link capacity of a DS-CDMA cellular system are investigated. The reverse link capacity of a CDMA cellular system is calculated at a given soft handoff region ratio (SHRR) and path loss model. The results show that the reverse link capacity increases by 1 ∼ 4 channels according to the soft handoff region ratio and the path loss model. However, in the case of the path loss model having a large attenuation exponent ($\mu$ = 5) and a small shadowing standard deviation ( $\sigma$ = 6 dB), the reverse link capacity is no more increased by increasing SHRR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.349-355
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• 1996

In this study, the mechanistic critical heat flux (CHF) model and correlation for water are derived based on flow excursion (or Ledinegg instability) criterion and the simplified two-phase homogeneous model. The relationship between CHF for the water and the principal parameters such as mass flux heat of vaporization, heated length-to-diameter ratio, vapor-liquid density ratio and inlet subcooling is derived on the developed correlation. The developed CHF correlation predicts very well at the applicable ranges, 1 < P < 40 bar, 1, 300 < G 27, 00 kg/$m^2$s and inlet quality is less than -0.1. The overall mean ratio of predicted to experimental CHF value is 0.988 with standard deviation of 0.046.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1194-1197
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• 2006

Recently, international standard for measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room has been amended. In the revised version, temperature, humidity and air pressure conditions are strictly restricted and also the concrete procedures are presented to reduce the differences in test results by adding inspection of diffusion, measurement uncertainty etc. In this paper, the systematic tests are conducted based on the inspection guide of diffusion defined by ISO 354 and the effects of diffusers on the measurement of sound absorption ratio are considered. As a result, we perceived that the averaged sound absorption ratio in mid and high frequency range is expected to measure around $0.05{\sim}0.1$ higher in high sound absorption material. Therefore, as for the reverberation room for measurement of sound absorption, we need to take into consideration not only the spatial standard deviation of sound pressure mandated by ISO 3741, but also, inspection regulation of diffusion showed by ISO 354.