• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-173
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• 2003

The history of pediatric psychopharmacology is very short and the research on safety, efficacy and side effects is preliminary and long-term effect on growth and maturation is not well known yet. Clinical findings have shown that the responses to antidepressants, antipsychotics, CNS stimulants and steroids in children and adolescents might be different from adult populations. Based on these findings, this paper reviewed three issues, Firstly, in developmental pharmacokinetics. the author discussed the developmental factors affecting drug absorption, distribution, protein-binding, metabolism and excretion. Secondly, in developmental pharmacodynamics, developmental characteristics of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine receptors and their clinical implications were reviewed. Lastly, in pharamcogenetic part, the clinical utility of pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetic aspects of pharmacogenetics, the pharmacodynamic aspects of pharmacogenetics, the association studies of dopamine-related alleles in neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders or Tourette’s disorders, pharmacogenetic studies dopamine-related alleles and the pharmacogenetic studies of serotonin-related alleles. Based on these preliminary research, future pharmacogenetic applications in childhood and adolescent psychiatry were also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2017

Neonates have large inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs due to developmental differences. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, which are commonly used in critically ill neonates. Factors that reflect physiologic maturation such as gestational age, postnatal age, postconceptional age, birth weight, and current body weight were correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates, especially preterm infants. Comorbidity characteristics affecting pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates were perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and renal dysfunction. Administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen in neonates with PDA was associated with the reduced clearance of renally excreted drugs such as vancomycin and amikacin. Therapeutic hypothermia and extracoporeal membrane oxygenation were influencing factors on pharmacokinetic parameters in critically ill neonates. Dosing adjustment and careful monitoring according to the factors affecting pharmacokinetic variability is required for safe and effective pharmacotherapy in neonatal intensive care unit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 1996

Doctors who treat pregnant women ore usually cautious in writing their prescription for the drugs. The problem of which psychotropic medications ore sale during pregnancy seems to remain unsolved for many years. Although the rate of absorption is reduced due to a reduced rate of gastric emptying, the extent of absorption of drug is generally unchanged during pregnancy. Plasma volume and total body water increase during pregnancy. There is suggestion that drug metabolizing activity may be increased in pregnancy. Since the pregnancy increase the glomerular filtration rate significantly, drugs mainly eliminated by renal excretion will be cleared more quickly. Factors contributing to the potential teratogenecity of a drug include the type of compound, dose and duration of use, developmental stage of fetus at the time of exposure, and the effect of the drug on fetal pharmacokinetics. All major classes of psychotropic agents should be assumed to diffuse readily across the placenta to the fetus and to be present in some quantity in the breast milk. To decide when and how to start the drug treatment depends on an assessment of the risks related both with and without drug treatment of psychiatric disorders.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2010

The 34 potently pig pheromonal odorants (1-32, 5755 & 7113) through structure-based virtual screening and ligand-based virtual screening method were selected and their ADMET and pharmacokinetics characters were evaluated and discussed quantitatively. The pheromonal odorants were projected on the following pre-calculated models, Caco-2 cell permeability, blood-brain barrier permeation, hERG inhibition and volume-distribution. From the results of in silico study, it is found that an optimal compound (31) either penetrating or have a little ($P_{caco2}$=-8.143) for Caco-2 cell permeability, moderate penetrating ability ($P_{BBB}$=0.082) for blood-brain barrier permeation, the low QT prolongation ($P_{hERG}$=1.137) for the hERG $K^+$ channel inhibition, and low distribution into tissues ($P_{VD}$=-5.468) for volume-distribution. Therefore, it is predicted that the compound (31) a topical application may be preferable from these based foundings.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.283-290
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• 2023

Hypercoagulability is frequently observed in patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Platelets are a favorable target for effectively treating hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients as platelet hyperactivity has also been observed. It is difficult to develop a treatment for COVID-19 that will be effective against all variants and the use of antivirals may not be fully effective against COVID-19 as activated platelets have been detected in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, patients with less severe side effects often turn toward natural remedies. Numerous phytochemicals are being investigated for their potential to treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer and bacterial and viral infections. Natural products have been used to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. Panax ginseng has potential for managing cardiovascular diseases and could be a treatment for COVID-19 by targeting the coagulation cascade and platelet activation. Using molecular docking, we analyzed the interactions of bioactive chemicals in P. ginseng with important proteins and receptors involved in platelet activation. Furthermore, the SwissADME online tool was used to calculate the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness properties of the lead compounds of P. ginseng. Dianthramine, deoxyharrtingtonine, and suchilactone were determined to have favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.