• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

The present study compared the developmental potential, telomerase activity and transcript levels of X-linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in the bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from different age and cell cycle of female donor nucleus. In experiment 1, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was slightly increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts compared to those with adult fibroblasts, but there was no significantly (p<0.05) differences. Telomerase activity was also similar in blastocysts cloned with fetal and adult fibroblasts. Up-regulated RPS4X and down-regulated MeCP2, XIAP, and XIST transcript level were observed in blastocysts cloned with adult fibroblasts, compared to those with fetal fibroblasts. In experiment 2, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was significantly (p<0.05) increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase of the cell cycle, compared to those of fetal fibroblasts at late G1 phase. DNMT1 transcript was observed to significantly (p<0.05) increased in the fetal fibroblasts at 3 hrs after trypsin treatment of confluent culture. Further, level of telomerase activity and transcribed X-linked genes was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in the early G1 SCNT blastocysts than those of late G1. The results imply that fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase induces the enhanced developmental potential and up-regulated telomerase activity and X-linked gene, but aberrant transcript pattern of X-linked genes may be displayed in the SCNT embryos.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to monitor the development of Korean premature infant at six-month age and to explore factors related to developmental status of the premature infants. Methods: Participants were 58 premature infants whose corrected age was six-months old and their mothers. The developmental states of infants were followed-up with the Korean Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (KPDQ-II). Clinical characteristics of the infants were identified from the medical records. Other characteristics including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, husband's support, social support, and mother-infant attachment were assessed using self-report questionnaires from the mothers. Results: Forty three percent of the infants were in the group of questionable status of development on the KPDQ-II. There were significant differences between the premature infants with normal developmental status and those with questionable developmental status depending on gender ($x^2$=5.03, p=.034), gestational age (t=2.59, p=.012), hospital stay (p=.013), revised Neurobiologic Risk Score (p=.005) and mother-infant attachment score (t=2.12, p=.040). Conclusion: Mother-infant attachment, as well as physiological state of premature infants, is an important variable in early development. Therefore, early monitoring for the development has to be done for physiologically vulnerable premature groups. Also, providing proper nursing support to improve maternal attachment needs to be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of human developmental growth with empirical anthropometric data for clothing construction. The sample was drawn randomly out of senior high school boys and girls in seoul urban area. The sample size was 424 boys and 301 girls between age 16 and 18. Dependent variables of this study were modified after extraction of common variables from raw data. 42 dependent variables were analyzed by the method of Duncan Test as Multiple Range Test among three age groups and T-Test between male and female of same age groups. The analysis of these data was carried with spss-x package by the computer installed in INHA University. The major findings can be summarized as follows. 1. In Duncan Test, female students between age 16 and 18 were not significantly different in the majority of dependent variables, but girth measurements and weight of 17 and 18 age groups were significantly different from that of 16 age groups. 2. In Duncan Test, male students were significantly different in the majority of the dependent variables, especially 33 variabls from 42 variables, among three age groups. 3. In T-Test, hip girth was only not significantly different between male and female and neck girth of the female students was only significantly larger than that of the male students.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to identify the relationship between parent and child with chronic illness and developmental disability, and to review the strategy for improvement of their relationship. The effects of chronic illness and developmental disability is that the child has delayed growth and development, and his(her) parent has sadness, guilty feeling, anxiety, grief, disappointment, low self-esteem, anger and resentment. Chronic illness and developmental disability also have a negative effect to the parental marital relationship. The reaction of parent and child varies in age of onset, a developmental transition period, crisis and parent-child relationship. Through this study, I propose that parent-child relationship could be improved by touch, communication between them and education for parents.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

School age is the period when forms the most of physical, spiritual and behavioral developmental characteristics. And those are kept for lifetime. Since each of developmental characteristics is created through the interaction with physical environment, the learning space which is children's main playground should be designed as healing environment. Therefor, the purpose of this research is to find the healing environmental elements for learning space that help school children's developmental characteristics. For that, we researched the physical, spiritual and behavioral developmental characteristics of school children. And we found the healing environmental characteristics for learning space along with each developmental characteristics, by the analysis of Herman Hertzberger's elementary schools' classroom environment.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 1999

Developmental dysplasia or dislocation of the hip is the most pronounced form of a condition in which the femoral heads tends progressively to leave the acetabulum. In the young child the variability of findings and course suggest a spectrum of conditions in which there are a number of common features: restriction of movement, particularly of abduction in flexion; shortening; and abnormal radiology, including a sloping or dysplastic acetabulum and delay in the appearance of the upper femoral epiphysis. It is vital to make the diagnosis of a congenital dislocation as soon after birth as possible. Conservative treatment with an abduction brace before the child run begins to walk is completely adequate, but after the age of 4 even surgical repositioning is difficult and after the age of 7 it is almost impossible. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the value of physical therapy of developmental dysplasia or dislocation after operation.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2022

The gene encoding solute carrier family 9 member 6 (SLC9A6) on Xq26.3 is associated with Christianson syndrome (CS) mimicking Angelman syndrome. In CS, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) appears in about 20%, and DEE with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (SWAS) is reported only in several cases. A 10-year-old boy with DEE showed multidrug resistant focal seizures from 6 months of age. He had progressive microcephaly, regression, global developmental delay without speech, hyperkinesia, and truncal ataxia; he had a long thin face, esotropia, and happy demeanor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cerebellar atrophy. Electroencephalogram at 7.5 years of age showed nearly continuous diffuse paroxysms in slow wave sleep. The seizures were responsive to corticosteroids for a while. Trio whole exome sequencing exhibited a likely pathogenic variant of SLC9A6 in the proband and his asymptomatic mother: c.1194dup (p.Leu399AlafsTer12). This is a rare case report of CS with DEE-SWAS in a Korean patient.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1994

An experiment was conducted to establish a large scale production method of anti-serum against chicken IgM and to profile the developmental changes of serum IgM levels during the feeding period(from hatching to 7 weeks of age) in broiler chicks. Blood samples were taken from Hubbard chicken at the age of hatching, three days of age, and weekly thereafter till to 7 weeks of age. The pure IgM was isolated from ammonium sulfate treated chicken serum by both sephadex G-200 and sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The breaking-through peak containing IgM appeared from the fraction 26 to 28. These fractions consisted mainly of IgM when tested by anti-chicken IgM(Nordic, Netherlands). Immunized with the heavy chain of this purified IgM, the rabbit immune sera(anti-chicken IgM) were formed a reaction only with the purified chicken IgM. The quantitative assay of serum IgM were carried by RID method. The optimal time for diffusion was 14 hours and the coefficient of determination($R^{2}$) for regression equation of standard curve was 0.992. It was observed that IgM concentrations were the highest at hatching(3.23 mg /mL), after that decreased gradually. From 2 to 5 weeks of age the levels unchanged(2.0 ~ 2.3mg /mL), and gradually decreased to 7 weeks of age(1.3 mg /mL).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

This study was aim to compare the phonological error patterns and PCC(Percentage of Correct Consonants) derived from the single word and spontaneous speech contexts of the speech sound disorders with unknown origin(SSD). The present study suggest that the development phonological error patterns and non-developmental error patterns of the target children, in according to speech context. The subjects were 15 children with SSD up to the age of 5 from 3 years of age. This research use 37 words of APAC(Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Children) in the single word context and 100 eojeol in the spontaneous speech context. There was no difference of PCC between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts. Significantly different developmental phonological error patterns between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts were syllable deletion, word-medial onset deletion, liquid deletion, gliding, affrication, fricative other error, tensing, regressive assimilation. Significantly different non-developmental phonological error patterns were backing, addtion of phoneme, aspirating. The study showed that there was no difference of PCC between elicited single word and spontaneous conversational context. And there were some different phonological error patterns derived from the two contexts of the speech sound disorders. The more important interventions target is the error patterns of the spontaneous speech contexts for the immediate generalization and rising overall intelligibility.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1992

In order to evaluate the relationship of age with the developmental stage on mandibular second molars in female, the author examined the radiographs in standard films taken by intraoral paralleling technic and analysed the development of 620 roots of 310 females ranged from 10 to 18 years. The development was divided into 7 stages : Crown complete (Cr.C.), Root lengthed 1/4(R.1/4), Root length 1/2 (R.1/2), Rooth length 3/4 (R.3/4), Rooth length complete (R.C), Apex 1.2 closed (A. 1/2), Apical closure complete (A.C) The obtained results were as follows : 1. The formation of roots in fulllength of mandibular second molars was completed at 14.21-year-age in mesial root and at 14.96-year-age in distal root. 2. The formation of apical foramen of mandibular second molars was completed at 17.11-year-age in mesial root and at 17.53-year-age in distal root. 3. The mesial root of mandibular second molar was generally developed earlier than distal root (p<0.01) 4. Coefficients of correlation and regression equations between for age(Y) and the developmental stage of mandibular second molar(X) were "Y=1.53X+6.54, r=0.91 (p<0.01)" in mesial root and "Y=1.52X+7.11, r=0.92(p<0.01)" in distal root respectively.l root respectively.