• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2017

Under natural conditions, black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), colonizes in warm temperate regions, and is active in Korea from May through October. Information on black soldier fly rearing, which is affected by seasonal factors in Korea, is limited. Oviposition by black soldier flies is dependent on light intensity and wavelength. Therefore, continuous mass rearing of this fly requires determination of optimal artificial conditions of illumination. In this study, we compared the number of eggs laid under an artificial light source (750 watt HPL lamp) versus nature sunlight. Our results showed that compared to oviposition under natural sunlight, the use of one or two lamps for 7 hours, resulted in only 43 and 76%, of the total number of eggs laid under natural sunlight, respectively. We also investigated the hatchability of oviposited eggs under artificial illumination and under natural sunlight. The hatching rate under the former was much significantly lower than under the latter. Further detailed research is required to develop methods for successful mass rearing of black soldier fly throughout the year by means of an indoor system.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1408-1417
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• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI) larvae oil (HILO) could serve as an alternative fat source to soybean oil (SBO) in laying hen diets. Methods: We randomly assigned 25-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens (n = 144) to receive (n = 6 hens/group; eight replicates) a control or an experimental diet in which SBO was replaced with 50% (50HILO) or 100% HILO (100HILO). Results: Dietary HILO did not negatively affect body weight or productive performance during the study. The eggs also had similar quality parameters, proximate composition, and cholesterol levels. However, the yolk color index was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the 100HILO than in the other groups. Dietary HILO significantly altered the composition of fatty acids (FAs) in abdominal fat and eggs. Total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were significantly increased and decreased in the 50HILO and 100HILO groups, respectively, compared with those in the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Specifically, the medium-chain FAs lauric and myristic acids were remarkably increased in the abdominal fat of laying hens fed HILO (p<0.0001), whereas only myristic acid increased in eggs (p<0.0001). Undesirable heavy metal (aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, lead, mercury, and cadmium) concentrations were below permissible limits in eggs. Conclusion: We considered that HILO could be an alternative dietary fat to SBO for laying hens with maintained productive performance and good egg quality.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2006

In order to detection of the intestinal parasites, fecal samples were taken from broiler (n=290), parent stock (n=168) and laying hen (n=114) in Jeonbuk province. The prevalence and identification of intestinal parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation method and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate of parasite-eggs from 3 flocks (total=572) was 44.9%. In the breed and type of breeding, infection rate of parasite-eggs was detected 65.5% as broiler (floor breeding, 290 chickens), 20.2% as parent stock (floor breeding, 168 chickens) and 28.9% as laying hen (cage breeding, 114 chickens), in order. In the concern of mixed infection such as single and double, the rate were 40.7% and 4.2%, respectively. Six kinds of infective eggs were isolated 257 fecal sample from 3 flock. They were classified 74.7% as Eimeria spp, 18.1% as Ascaridia galli and 6.0% as Capillaria spp and 0.4% as Heteratkis gallinarum, Railleina spp or Trichostrongylus spp, single or in combination.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2021

본 연구는 토양 내 콩씨스트선충(Heterodera glycines)의 초기 밀도에 따른 콩의 수량구성요소 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 재배포를 35개의 구역을 나누고 콩씨스트선충의 파종 전 토양 내 씨스트 밀도와 알 밀도를 조사하였으며, 수확기 콩의 초장, 협수, 립수, 백립중을 비교 분석하였다. 초기 씨스트의 밀도보다 씨스트 내 알의 밀도가 수량에 더욱 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 초기 알 밀도가 높을수록협수와 수량이 초기 알 밀도가 높을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였고 토양 100 cm³ 당 알의 밀도가 2,000개 이상일 때부터 수량이 20% 이상 급격하게 감소하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 콩 재배 시 콩씨스트선충에 의한 피해를 예측할 수 있으며, 국내 콩 재배지의 약 40%가 감염되어 있는 콩씨스트선충에 대한 저항성 품종 육성을 포함한 다양한 방제방법 연구가 필요하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Purpose - Eggs are nutritionally complete and one of the most popular natural foods. Moreover, the poultry industry is one of the important food industries. However, early industrialization of the poultry industry on its own did not lead to further development compared to other livestock industries. In this study, we investigate what factors influence consumers' behavior and how consumers' understanding of retail business affects their propensity to consume. This study is different from other studies as it analyzes how the brand names of manufacturers and distribution companies affect the purchasing characteristics or actual purchase behavior of consumers in order to suggest how these manufacturers and distribution companies can increase their competitiveness. Research design, data, methodology - This study conducted a survey of 250 randomly selected egg purchasers in discount stores from January to April 2013. Consumers' purchase tendencies were calculated through frequency analysis. This result was then utilized using cluster analysis to draw a conclusion about which purchase tendency influenced consumers buying three different brands of eggs or whether this tendency really affected consumers. As a result, the outcomes of Hypotheses 2 and 3 were not clear so we drew a conclusion with our analysis of Hypothesis 1. Results - While the outcomes of Hypotheses 2 and 3 did not clearly indicate whether purchasing tendencies affected consumers when buying eggs, our analysis of Hypothesis 1 indicated that consumers were affected by the quality of the eggs rather than exterior factors such as the brand name. Thus, we concluded that it is important to promote the excellence of the quality of the eggs. Usually firms buy eggs from farms and repackage them in order to sell them. In this sense, if consumers were aware of this egg production process, and eggs were fairly distributed to retailers, large retail PB businesses would also be able to enhance their competitiveness. Conclusions - The brand, packaging, retail outlet, and other external features influenced the purchase of eggs to a certain degree, while shelf life, grade of the eggs, cleanliness, and other intrinsic characteristics had more influence. In particular, shelf life was the most important factor influencing purchase. Consumers were influenced not only by intrinsic characteristics of the eggs but also by large-scale producers' brands. Consumers relied upon the brand despite reduced competition because they found it difficult to identify shelf life and/or cleanliness. Small businesses and/or large-scale retailers can remain competitive by maintaining the freshness and cleanliness of the eggs. Further studies need to investigate areas in which consumers' cognition of the product is poor and/or the purchase inclination with regard to less developed industries such as eggs. In this study, the greatest problem was that consumers did not consume in accordance with the current situation as consumers have preferred fresh and clean eggs for a long time compared to purchase decisions based on external brands and/or packaging.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1995

In the experiment I for maas production of bovine early embryos, 18~20hpi fertilized eggs (756 eggs) and parthenogenic eggs (618 eggs) which were treated by 10% ethanol were cultured in both TGM and CZB. In the experiment II, suppiment effects each in CZB and CRlaa were tested by matured and fertilized oocytes which were after 18~20hpi. In the case of experiment I after 48hr, the cleavage rates of normally fertilized eggs were 66.6% in TCM treatment and 77.7% in CZB treatment, and after 240h the blastocysts were 7.5% in TCM and 14.1% in CZB. In the parthenogenic eggs, the deavage rates at 48hr were 39.6% in TCM and 57.5% in CZB, and at 240h, the blastocysts were 0.9% in TCM and 4.4% in CZB. These results showed that the effects of CZB on developmental ability to parthenogenic eggs as well as nomally fertilized eggs are relatively high. In experiment W, the effect of exposing the cleaved embryos to CZB for 30h on the blastocyst formation was examined. Similar rates of blastocyst formation were obtained both in TCM and CZB, suggesting that CZB exposure. during ealry development is critical. In experiments III ~ V, the effects of supplements were examined. The cleavage rates of CZB treatments at 48h were 83.8% in control, 78.1% in BSA+A.A+SIT, 75% in 5% FCS+A. A+SIT, 88.6% in BSA+A.A+SIT and not co-cultured BSA+A.A+SIT had 85.7% and in the case of 240h blastocysts showed 22.6, 0.0, fl.1, 6.5 and 0%, respectively. As a result, this study showed that CZB was effective culture system for in vitro development, and that CZB and CR$_1$aa had no significant differences and effects between them. It may be concluded that in the simple media containing supplements could replace the co-culture systems of bovine early embryo development.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.262-270
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• 1983

온${\cdot}$습도가 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens stal)의 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 30, 25, $20^{\circ}C$의 세 수준의 온도구 내에 습도를 95, 75, 65, $35\%$의 네 수준으로 하여 2세대까지 개체사육한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $25^{\circ}C$에서 벼멸구의 발육과 비교해 볼 때 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 난기간, 약충기간, 성충수명이 단축되었고 약충의 사망률은 증가하였으며 산란수는 크게 감소하였다. 또한 산란된 난은 수정이 되지 않았거나 배자발육도중 죽음으로서 부화가 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 2. $25^{\circ}C$와 비교하여 $20^{\circ}C$의 저온에서는 난과 약충 발육기간이 상당히 지연되었고 성충수명이 짧아졌으며 산란수가 크게 감소하였을 뿐 아니라 부화율도 감소하였다. 3. 약충의 치사율은 RH $75\%$ 이상의 비교적 높은 습도조건에서 높았으며 또한 다습조건에서는 성충의 수명이 단축된 결과 산란수가 크게 감소하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

성숙한 왕종개 Iksookimia longicorpa를 2007년 6월에 전라북도 남원시 운봉읍에서 채집하여 난발생과 초기생활사를 연구하였다. 채집된 성숙한 개체는 LHRH를 주사하였으며 건식법으로 수정시켰다. 성숙란은 분리침성란으로 밝은 노란색이었으며 난경은 평균 $1.53{\pm}0.07mm$였다. 수온 $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서 수정 후 50~72시간 사이에 부화하였으며 크기는 전장 $5.1{\pm}0.23mm$였다. 부화 후 4일경에 난황이 거의 흡수 되었고 전장 $7.1{\pm}0.47mm$로 성장하였다. 부화 후 25일 경에 지느러미 기조가 모두 정수로 되어 치어기에 달하였으며 전장 $12.8{\pm}0.49mm$로 성장하였다. 부화 후 100일 후에 반문모양과 외부형태가 성어와 유사하였으며 전장 $38.5{\pm}2.95mm$로 성장하였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2012

우리나라 고유종인 기름종개의 난발생 및 초기생활사를 연구하기 위해 2007년 6월에 전라북도 남원시 운봉읍의 낙동강에서 성숙한 개체를 채집하였다. 채집된 개체는 LHRH-1을 주사하여 건식법으로 인공수정시켰다. 성숙란은 분리침성란으로 밝은 회색이었으며, 난경은 $1.29{\pm}0.07mm$였다. 수정난은 수온 $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서 수정 후 45~52시간 사이에 부화하였으며 크기는 전장 $4.5{\pm}0.24mm$였다. 부화 후 5일 후에 난황이 모두 흡수 되어 후기자어로 이행하고 전장 $6.6{\pm}0.13mm$로 성장하였으며, 부화 후 25일에는 지느러미 기조가 모두 정수로 되어 치어기로 이행하였고 전장 $9.0{\pm}0.49mm$로 성장하였다. 부화 후 100일 후에 반문모양과 외부형태가 성어와 유사하였고 전장 $27.3{\pm}2.82mm$로 성장하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2017

Schistosoma haematobium is a biocarcinogen of human urinary bladder (UB). The present study investigated developing UB cancer mouse model by injecting S. haematobium eggs into the bladder wall and introduction of chemical carcinogens. Histopathological findings showed mild hyperplasia to epithelial vacuolar change, and high grade dysplasia. Squamous metaplasia was observed in the S. haematobium eggs+NDMA group at week 12 but not in other groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly high expression of Ki-67 in urothelial epithelial cells of the S. haematobium eggs+BBN group at week 20. The qRT-PCR showed high expression of p53 gene in S. haematobium eggs group at week 4 and S. haematobium eggs+BBN group at week 20. E-cadherin and vimentin showed contrasting expression in S. haematobium eggs+BBN group. Such inverse expression of E-cadherin and vimentin may indicate epithelial mesenchymal transition in the UB tissue. In conclusion, S. haematobium eggs and nitrosamines may transform UB cells into squamous metaplasia and dysplasia in correlation with increased expression of Ki-67. Marked decrease in E-cadherin and increase in p53 and vimentin expressions may support the transformation. The present study introduces a promising modified animal model for UB cancer study using S. haematobium eggs.