• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.5-27
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• 2002

This paper evaluate and compare effectiveness of urban growth management measures in Korea using system dynamics model. Simple urban dynamics model was used to compare urban growth management measures. Since the late 1960s, Korean government has been implementing various urban growth management measures without much success. In the 1960s, factories, universities, and public agencies were strongly encouraged to move out to local areas. During the 1970s, regulations on greenbelt area was adopted to prevent urban sprawl. Besides, regulations to prevent location of population inducing facilities, and promoting dislocation of those facilities were implemented simultaneously. During the 1990, regulations on total number of factories in the metropolitan area, development fees were adopted. These various method of urban management were compared. Simulation results shows that promoting decentralization of population, preventing population immigration, expanding greenbelt area are effectiveness ones compared to controlling total number of population inducing facilities, and preventing construction of new industries. Some implications of the findings were discussed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

With the development of blockchain technology, the scope of blockchain applications has expanded rapidly. Blockchain decentralization allows transaction participants to make transparent and safe transactions without a third trust agency. A distributed ledger-based system enables transparent and trusted business for anonymous users. For this reason, many companies apply blockchain to various fields such as logistics, electronic voting, and real estate. Despite this interest, there are still not enough case studies confirming the potential of blockchain as a concrete business model. Therefore, it is necessary to study how blockchain technology can change the existing business model and connect it to a new business model. In this paper, we propose blockchain-based business models and workflow types in various fields such as healthcare, logistics, and energy. We also present application cases. We expect to help companies apply blockchain to their business.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.20 no.1_2
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• pp.79-151
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 우리나라 교육의 근본적인 문제를 학교교육의 저효율과 시험 위주의 교육왜곡이라는 두 가지 문제로 파악하는 한편, 과열된 과외, 치열한 입시경쟁, 미흡한 교육투자 등을 핵심문제로 보는 기존의 시각을 비판하였다. 또한 우리는 학교교육의 저효율과 시험 위주의 교육왜곡이 '교육실패'라고 부를 수 있을 정도로 매우 심각한 수준에 도달하였다는 것을 실증적 근거를 통하여 보여주고자 하였다. 본고에서는 우리의 교육실패에 대한 원인으로서 중앙정부의 교육부와 지방교육자치단체인 교육청이 우리 교육의 거의 모든 과정을 일일이 규제하고 통제함으로써 교육주체들의 유인(incentive)을 빼앗아가고 있는 점에 주목하였다. 우리의 교육실패는 교육부문에서의 정부실패라는 점을 강조하였다. 이러한 시각에서, 1980년의 교육개혁은 정부규제를 오히려 강화하여 문제를 해결하고자 하였다는 측면에서 실패한 개혁이며, 1995년의 개혁은 방향 설정은 제대로 되었으나 실행과정에서 많은 문제가 있었음을 지적하였다. 또한 향후 교육개혁의 방향으로 보다 과감한 규제완화(deregulation)와 분권화(decentralization)를 제시하였다. 구체적인 정책 대안으로는, 대학의 학생선발의 완전한 자유화, 시 도 교육청의 시 도청 관할로의 통폐합, 자립형 사립중고등학교 및 탈규제학교제도의 도입, 교원인사제도의 개혁, 과외에 대한 정부규제의 철폐 등을 건의하였다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to think about what structural reforms of the Korean government S&T development management system might be. Korean society is currently experiencing a drastic socio-economic transformation. The results of this transformation should be reflected on the determining process of the directions and breadths of structural reforms of government S&T development management system. Because the government system design will be based on the premises of socio-economic conditions under which administrative activities perform and also this socio-economic changes can influence on changes of the premises of government management system design. Moreover, S&T development management system is a subsystem of government system so that the directions of structural reform of those subsystems should be considered in the broad framework changes in the development management system of the government. For the last forty years, the Korean government S&T development management system has been based on the premises including transformation from an agrarian society to an industrial society, authoritarianism and centrally controlled institutions, and exteremely small portions of private investments for science and thechonology R & D of the total. Recently, however, the premises of Korean government S&T development management system have rapidly changed. the characteristics of these changes are including tranformation from an industrial society to a knowledge and information intensive society, globalization, localization, and relatively large portion of private investments for science and technology R & C of the total. The basis of government reforms in Korea was the realization of the performances and values through the enhancement of national competitive capacity, attainment of lean government, decentralization and autonomy. However, the Korean government has attached a symbolic value of strategic organizations representing strong policy intentions of government for the science and technology based development. Most problems associated with the Korean government S&T development management system have grown worse during 1990s. Many people perceive that considerable part of this problem was generated because the government could not properly adapt itself to new administrative environment and the paradigm shift in its role. First of all, the Korean government S&T development management system as a whole failed to develop an integrated vision under which processes in formulating science and thechology development goals and developing consistent government plans concerning science and technology development are guided. Second, most of the local governments have little organizational capacity and manpowers to handle localized activities to promote science and technology in their regions. Third, the measure to coordinate and set priorities to invest resources for the development of science and technology was not effective. Fourth, the Most has been losing its reputation as the symbol of ideological commitment of the top policy maker to promote science and technology. Various ideas to reform government S&T development management system have been suggested recently. Most frequently cited ideas are as follow : (ⅰ)strengthen the functions of MoST by supplementing the strong incentive and regulatory measures; (ⅱ)create a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by merging the Ministry of Education and the MoST; (ⅲ)create a new Ministry of Science & Technology and Industry ; and(ⅳ)create a National Science and Technology Policy Council under the chairmanship of the President. Four alternatives suggested have been widely discussed among the interested parties and they each have merits as well as weaknesses. The first alternative could be seen as an alternative which cannot resolve current conflicts among various ministries concerning priority setting and resource allocation. However, this alternatives can be seen as a way of showing the top policymaker's strong intention to emphasize science and technology based development. Second alternative is giving a strategic to emphasize on the training and supplying qualified manpower to meet knowledge and information intensive future society. This alternative is considered to be consistent with the new administrative paradigm emphasizing lean government and decentralization. However, opponents are worrying about the linkages and cooperative research between university and industry could be weakening. The third alternative has been adopted mostly in nations which have strong basic science research but weak industrial innovation traditions. Main weakness of this alternative for Korea is that Korean science and technology development system has no strong basic science and technology research traditions. The fourth alternative is consistent with new administrative paradigms and government reform bases. However, opponents to this alternative are worried that the intensive development of science and technology because of Korea's low potential research capabilities in science and technology development. Considerning the present Korean socio-economic situation which demands highly qualified human resources and development strategies which emphasizes the accumulations of knowledge-based stocks, I would like to suggest the route of creating a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by intergrating education administration functions and science & technology development function into one ministry.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

The measures to extend local education autonomy are as follows: First, it is necessary to correct the confusion of the legal system of the local education autonomy system. For this, Article 12, Paragraph 2 and 4 of the 「Special Act on Local Autonomy and Decentralization, and Restructuring of Local Administrative Systems」 which state that "The State shall endeavor to consolidate systems for autonomy in education and local government" and "The implementation of autonomy in education and the autonomous police system shall be prescribed separately by Acts" should be deleted. Second, it is necessary to clarify unnecessary legal matters and regulatory measures for unification at the national level and to proactively consider the introduction of the legal trust system, in which education affairs are designated as local governments' own work and the state carries out specific affairs. The decentralization of local education finance is a key factor for the development of local education autonomy, and it requires the transfer of authority and resources to the region, and the enhancement of local autonomy and corresponding responsibility. First, the ratio of special grants must be adjusted further (from 3% to 2%) or the ratio of national policy projects must be lowered. Second, the provision that requires a consultation with a mayor/governor when making a budget covered by transfers from general accounts should be deleted. Third, it is necessary to remove the elements that limit the authority of city and provincial councils. Fourth, it is necessary to integrate the national education tax and the local education tax to create the education autonomy tax (tentative name) for only one independent purpose. Fifth, it is necessary to strengthen the distribution of the total amount of grants and abolish the settlement regulations for the measurement items of standard financial demand. Sixth is the expansion of the participation of stakeholders and experts in the grant distribution process. Seventh, it is necessary to establish a long-term employment system by designating the education finance field as a special field. Eight is the expansion of cooperative governance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.4 s.161
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• pp.214-225
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• 2005

The mountain village development program in Korea started in the mountain villages, the 45.9% of total land and one of the typical marginal region, from 1995 to achieve the equilibrium development of national land and the sustainable mountain development in Chapter 13 in Agenda 21, and it has been accelerated to increase the happiness and the quality of life of mountain community residents through the expansion by province and the improvement of related laws and regulations. This study has been aimed to analyze the response of main stakeholder's -mountain village residents and local government officials - on mountain villages development, and to provide the future plan as community development. The survey and interview data were collected from the mountain villages which already developed 59 villages and developing 15 villages in 2003. The mountain village development program has achieved the positive aspects as community development plan in the several fields, - the voluntary participation of residents, the establishment of self-support spirit as the democratic civilians, the development of base of income increasement, the creation of comfortable living environment, the equilibrium development with the other regions. Especially the mountain residents and local government officials both highly satisfy with the development of base of income increasement and the creation of comfortable living environment which are the main concerns to both stakeholder. However through the mountain development program, it is not satisfied to increase the maintenance of local community and the strengthening of traditional value of mountain villages. Also to improve the sustainable income improvement effects, it is necessary to develop the income items and technical extension which good for the each region. In the decentralization era, it is necessary for local government should have the more active and multilateral activities for these. With this, the introduction of methods which the mountain community people and the local government officials could co-participate in the mountain villages' development from the initial stages and the renovation of related local government organizations and the cooperatives will be much helpful to the substantiality of mountain development program. Also it is essential for the assistance of central government to establish the complex plan and the mountain villages network for all mountain area and the exchange of information, the education and training of mountain villages leader who are the core factor for the developed mountain villages maintenance, the composition of national mountain villages representatives. In case the development proposals which based on the interests of the main stakeholder's on mountain community could be positively accepted, then the possibility of the mountain village development as one of community development will be successfully improved in future.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-192
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status and suggest tasks of future directions for development of the Korean Society of Sport Biomechanics(KSSB). KSSB was established in the 22th of Oct.,1988. It is one of the great National Society recognized by the Korean Research Foundation, and consists of almost 350 members over national Sport Biomechanists. Two roles-functions of KSSB are as follows; one is an Independent Society by KSSB, the other is a sub-Society under Korean Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance(KAHPERD) run by 15 sub-Societies. The 2 great strategies toward all over the world of KSSB were Localization and Globalization. The grand four projects of KSSB in $2005{\sim}2006yrs$ are as followers: 1) The rationalization of organization-operating and decentralization, 2) The international levels of society, 3) The internationalizaton of quality of Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, and 4) The presentation award by quarterly and double-movements of members of KSSB. The tasks of future direction for development of KSSB are as followers : The localization and globalization of KSSB( see above as figure 4, table 12, 13, 14).

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2002

Rapid advances in information technology(IT) and telecommunication systems impact the number and quality of decision-making in organizations. Specifically, middle mangers must posses or develop the creativity necessary for survival in a constantly changing and volatile business environment. While tradition and conventional wisdom tell us that a middle managers role centers on control and monitoring, todays competitive arena has spun out a new managerial requirement developing and maintaining an innovative attitude. Problematically, most previous research has focused on the issue of changing decision authority (i. e. centralization/decentralization). Moreover, much previous research has also largely ignored environmental changes exposing new roles that middle managers have assumed. This study explores the means of identifying middle managerial roles, managerial possibilities involving the growing popularity of open systems through electronic brainstorming, and an adaptation and development of Diffusion Theory and attempt to counter criticism leveled at the theory's inability to provide an adequate explanation for diffusion of complex organizational technology. This paper develops three ideas: 1) Introducing the 'Chasing Curve' as a theoretical background. 2) Suggesting a new methodology using electronic brainstorming for analyzing the gap between Knowing (the perceived importance of middle managers' roles) and Doing (the degree of current status of middle managers' roles), which we term the 'Spiral Gap Analysis Model'. 3) Identifying a feedback system for minimizing the Knowing - Doing gap, aimed at development of IT strategic priority decision support, which we call this the 'Star Process'.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.244-247
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• 2022

In recent years, the logistics industry has greatly driven the world's economic development. Due to the frequent occurrence of logistics information leakage and forgery, it is necessary to find a solution that can accurately trace the logistics information and ensure the security and authenticity of the logistics information. The birth of blockchain technology has enabled the logistics industry to realize the development from quantitative change to qualitative change. The distributed storage idea, decentralization characteristics, immutable nature, complex encryption algorithm, and other technical characteristics of the blockchain technology make it have a wide range of application prospects in the logistics industry. The purpose of this paper is to apply blockchain technology to the whole chain of logistics information traceability, to indirectly store the corresponding data generated by the logistics circulation link on the blockchain, and to combine the researched consensus algorithm and searchable encryption algorithm to form A set of logistics information traceability system to achieve efficient and accurate traceability of logistics information.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

The Korean government recently announced a plan of the Carbon Neutral policy in addition to the Green New Deal of the Korean New Deal and the Renewable Energy 3020. The energy sector is entering the era of major transformation involving the expansion of decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization. DNA-oriented ICT technology will be incorporated into the sector. Further, new energy industries and services are being realized via efficient and smart operation and by appropriately managing the energy-environment changes. Recently, ETRI presented a technology development map for 2035 comprising 12 new concepts in four major fields(personal, social, industrial and public) of national intelligence. This map includes the concept of "Energy Maestro" associated with the field of public intelligence for human sustainability. This paper briefly introduces this concept and ETRI's Energy-R&D status. Based on the domain knowledge and the experience acquired through the R&D, ETRI will lead to a new paradigm with respect to the creation of new energy services and industries via the incorporation of the new ICT technologies including AI and big-data into the energy sector.