• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.1.1-1.14
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• 2019

Hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ ($HIF-1{\alpha}$) mediates tumor cell adaptation to hypoxic conditions and is a potentially important anticancer therapeutic target. We previously developed a method for synthesizing a benzofuran-based natural product, (R)-(-)-moracin-O, and obtained a novel potent analog, MO-460 that suppresses the accumulation of $HIF-1{\alpha}$ in Hep3B cells. However, the molecular target and underlying mechanism of action of MO-460 remained unclear. In the current study, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) as a molecular target of MO-460. MO-460 inhibits the initiation of $HIF-1{\alpha}$ translation by binding to the C-terminal glycinerich domain of hnRNPA2B1 and inhibiting its subsequent binding to the 3'-untranslated region of $HIF-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. Moreover, MO-460 suppresses $HIF-1{\alpha}$ protein synthesis under hypoxic conditions and induces the accumulation of stress granules. The data provided here suggest that hnRNPA2B1 serves as a crucial molecular target in hypoxiainduced tumor survival and thus offer an avenue for the development of novel anticancer therapies.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2010

This study was conducted to increase the income of cactus farm by selecting cheaper and better media than the peat moss using for Gymnocalycium mihanovichii 'Huhong'. We cultivated Gymnocalycium mihanovichii 'Huhong' on 10 kinds of media (peat moss, culture medium, coco peat, sphagnum moss, hydro ton, hydro cray, hydro bal, hugato, vermiculite, perlite) and analyzed media's physiochemical factors and growth, betacyanin. The results were as follows: In case of media's physical condition planting Gymnocalycium mihanovichii 'Huhong' after 90 days, an approximate value with peat moss is culture medium and coco peat. Also, coco peat has no change in chemical media. The rate of growth and development is high in Coco peat while overall culture medium and coco peat was seen lower growth. The level of betacyanin in subirrigation is higher than overhead irrigation. Meanwhile, hugato among 10 kinds of media has high value in both of overhead irrigation and bottom watering. Thus, culture medium and coco peat is proper for alternation of peat moss due to similar value with peat moss. And coco peat is favorable to media, growth condition, pigment.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.571-580
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• 2010

Coastal shoreline movement due to erosion and deposition is a major concern for coastal zone management. Shoreline is changed by nature factor or development of coastal. Change of shoreline is threatening marine environment and destroying. Therefore, we need monitoring of shoreline change with time series analysis for coastal zone management. In this study, we analyzed the shoreline change using airphotograph, LiDAR and satellite imagery from 1971 to 2009 in Uljin, Gyeongbuk, Korea. As a result, shoreline near of the nuclear power plant show linear pattern in 1971 and 1980, however the pattern of shoreline is changed after 2000. As a result of long-term monitoring, shoreline pattern near of the nuclear power plant is changed by erosion toward sea. The pattern of shoreline near of KORDI until 2003 is changed due to deposition toward sea, but the new pattern toward land is developed by erosion from 2003 to 2009. The shoreline is changed by many factors. However, we will guess that change of shoreline within study area is due to construction of nuclear power plant. In the future work, we need sedimentary and physical studies.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.46-58
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• 2007

제2형 당뇨병은 대사성 질환으로 간, 근육 그리고 지방 조직 세포에서 인슐린 작용의 장애로 나타나는 인슐린 저항성으로 혈당의 이용이 감소하여 혈당이 높아짐에도 불구하고 췌장의 베타세포에서 인슐린 분비가 충분하지 못할 때 유발된다. 서구에서는 비만 등으로 인해 인슐린 저항성이 증가하면 인슐린 분비가 높은 고인슐린혈증을 나타내어 당뇨병으로의 진전은 늦다. 하지만 우리나라를 비롯한 아시아의 사람들은 인슐린 저항성이 증가할 때 인슐린 분비가 충분치 못해 혈청 인슐린 농도가 정상인과 비슷하거나 더 낮은 상태에서 당뇨병으로 진전된다. 이러한 차이는 우리나라를 비롯한 아시아 사람들에게서 제2형 당뇨병의 발생이 급격하게 증가할 것이라는 보고되었다. 결국 당뇨병은 간, 근육 및 지방조직에서의 인슐린 작용의 장애와 췌장의 베타세포에서 인슐린 분비의 부족의 복합적인 장애에 의해서 나타나고 이것은 공통적으로 각 조직에서의 인슐린/insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 신호전달의 장애와 관련이 있다. 베타세포에서의 인슐린분비 자체는 인슐린/IGF-1 신호전달과 관계가 없지만 간접적으로 관련이 있다. 인슐린 분비능은 베타세포의 증식과 생존에 의한 베타세포의 양과 밀접한 관련이 있는데 인슐린/IGF-1 신호전달은 베타세포의 증식과 생존을 조절한다. 그러므로 혈당 조절에 관여하는 기능성 식품은 인슐린 작용을 향상시키는 인슐린 민감성 특성을 가지거나, 혈당이 높아질 때 인슐린 분비를 촉진시키는 insulinotropic 작용을 하는 성질을 가지고 있어야 하겠다. 전자의 대표적인 약은 1999년에 미국 FDA에서 승인 받은 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $(PPAR)-{\gamma}$ agonist 인 thiazolidinedione 계통의 약물인 troglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone 등이 있고, 후자는 2007년에 승인 받은 Exenatide는 glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 agonist이다. 이 두 가지 약은 모두 자연계에 존재하는 동식물에서 유래된 것으로 식품에도 많이 다양한 종류의 인슐린 민감성 물질이나 insulinotropic 작용을 하는 물질이 함유되어 있을 것이다. 이러한 기능 이외에 혈당조절 약이나 식품으로 사용되는 것은 탄수화물의 소화를 방해하는 것으로 탄수화물 소화효소인 a-amylase 또는 maltase의 활성을 억제하여 식후 혈당의 급격한 상승을 방지하는 것이 있다. 우리나라 사람들은 탄수화물의 섭취가 너무 많아서 실제로 이러한 식품이나 약의 효능이 높지 않을 것이다. 혈당을 조절하는 기능성 식품은 이 세 가지 효능 중 일부를 가지고 있는 것이 될 수 있다. 이러한 기능을 스크리닝하기 위해서 3가지 단계를 거쳐야 한다. 먼저 시험관에서 또는 세포 실험을 통해서 앞서 언급한 3가지 기능을 가지고 있는 지 여부를 각각 조사한다. 이중에서 효과가 있는 것은 당뇨 동물 모델을 사용하여 in vivo에서 혈당 강하기능과 혈당 강하기전을 조사하는 실험을 한다. 효과가 있는 식품이 우리가 전통적으로 식품으로 섭취해 왔다면 독성 검사를 거쳐야 할 필요가 없지만 한약재이거나 특수 식품의 경우에는 in vivo 실험 전에 GLP 기관에서 반드시 독성 실험을 거쳐 독성 유무를 확인할 필요가 있다. 동물 실험에서 효과적인 것은 인체 실험을 거쳐 혈당 조절 기능성 식품으로 식약청에서 허가를 받을 수 있겠다. 결론적으로 식품에는 항당뇨 특성을 가진 물질들이 함유되어 있는 것들이 상당히 많다. 혈당 조절기능이 있는 기능성 식품으로 개발할 때 고려해야 할 것은 1) 그 양이 혈당 강하 기능성 식품으로 지정받을 수 있을 정도로 충분히 함유되어 있느냐, 2) 혈당을 강하시키는 기전이 단순히 당의 배설을 촉진시켜서 혈당을 저하시키는 것이 아니라, 인슐린 작용을 촉진시키거나, 포도당 자극에 의한 인슐린 분비를 촉진시키거나 탄수화물의 소화 흡수를 억제시킴으로 혈당을 강하시키는 지 등을 파악하는 것이다. 이러한 조건을 만족시키는 식품은 지속적으로 섭취할 때 당뇨병을 예방하거나 진전을 지연시킬 수 있는 혈당조절기능이 있는 기능성 식품으로 개발 가능성이 있겠다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.237-269
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• 2013

The purposes of the study are to describe the feature of the program components, and to identify their changes in the process of designing the social work programs in the community service agencies in Korea. In order to achieve these purposes, the researchers constructed an analytical framework including 24 program components derived from the related literatures. Data was collected by questionnaires answered by the social workers who were in charge of the program development and implementation. Descriptive statistics analysis and factor analysis were applied to exam the features of the program components in 195 social service programs developed by the funds from the Community Chest of Korea and a private funding foundation. As the result of the analysis, the three noticeable features are found; (1) the agencies have very actively involved in the designing work in the process of developing practice guideline, however they have less involved in the designing work in the process of implementing program; (2) program components which are low level in design activities are intervention models, staff education, and practical ethics; (3) 8 categories of components derived from the theoretical perspective are reduced to 6 categories in the process for developing practice guidelines, finally to 4 categories in the process for implementing the programs. The implications of major findings were discussed in academic and practical perspectives in Korea, including future research works in the area.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2013

Weight of evidence model was applied for potential mapping of mountainous wetland to reduce the range of the field survey and to increase the efficiency of operations because the surveys of mountainous wetland need a lot of time and money owing to inaccessibility and extensiveness. The relationship between mountainous wetland location and related factors is expressed as a probability by Weight of evidence model. For this, the spatial database consist of slope map, curvature map, vegetation index map, wetness index map, soil drainage rating map was constructed in Yeongnam area, Korea, and weights of evidence based on the relationship between mountainous wetland location and each factor rating were calculated. As a result of correlation analysis between mountainous wetland location and each factors rating using likelihood ratio values, the probability of mountainous wetlands were increased at condition of lower slope, lower curvature, lower vegetation index value, lower wetness value, moderate soil drainage rating. Mountainous Wetland Potential Index(MWPI) was calculated by summation of the likelihood ratio and mountainous wetland potential map was constucted from GIS integration. The mountain wetland potential map was verified by comparison with the known mountainous wetland locations. The result showed the 75.48% in prediction accuracy.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.7-31
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• 2013

Paradigm of Global economy is changing to creative economy. This study focuses on the role of creative economy to clarify (understand clearly) the impact (influence) which transition of economy system will bring about. The creative economy is basically came from New economy theory. According to the New economy theory, a state can achieve sustainable growth without an inflation, or higher growth rate under given inflation rate, through an investment on ICT. However, different from America, Korea had limited effect of New Economy. This is because Korean economy had factor-input driven growth model rather than New Economy mechanism. However, ICT is essential requirement to move toward New Economy(Digital Economy), it does not sufficiently explain the increase of productivity and economic growth. A crucial point to realize New economy is how to diffuse and spill over the technology development on ICT sector to other industry. ICT is not creative industry or creative economy per se, and it should play as an enabler to improve other industry's productivity. The creative economy can be understood as an extension of New Economy theory. It means the economy that creates values by cultural assets and human resource, as well as capital and labor factors. However, if we understand the meaning of creative economy as change of input factors, it is hard to bring real shape of creative economy.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

To use the OneSAF model for the analysis of Defence M&S, the most critical factor is the acquisition of input data. The model user is hard to determine the input data such as the probability of hit(P_h) and the probability of kill(P_k). These data can be obtained directly by live fire during the development test and the operational test. Therefore, this needs more time and resources to get the P_h and P_k. In this paper, we reviewed possible ways to obtain the P_h and P_k. We introduced several data producing methodologies. In particular, the error budget method was presented to convert the P_h(%) data of AWAM model to the error(mil) data of OneSAF model. Also, the conversion method which can get the adjusted results from the JMEM is introduced. The probability of a hit was calculated based on the error budget method in order to prove the usefulness of the given method. More accurate data were obtained when the error budget method and the projected area from the published photo were used simultaneously. The importance of the P_h calculation was demonstrated by sensitivity analysis of the P_h on combat effectiveness. This paper emphasizes the importance of determining the P_h data and improving the reliability of the M&S system though steady collection and analysis of the P_h data.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2016

How effectively a wind farm captures high market prices can greatly influence a wind farm's viability. This research identifies and creates an understanding of the effects that result in various capture prices (average revenue earned per unit of generation) that can be seen among different wind farms, in the current and future competitive SMP (System Marginal Price) market in South Korea. Through the use of a neural network to simulate changes in SMP caused by increased renewables, based on the Korea Institute of Energy Research's extensive wind resource database for South Korea, the variances in current and future capture prices are modelled and analyzed for both onshore and offshore wind power generation. Simulation results shows a spread in capture price of 5.5% for the year 2035 that depends on both a locations wind characteristics and the generations' correlation with other wind power generation. Wind characteristics include the generations' correlation with SMP price, diurnal profile shape, and capacity factor. The wind revenue cannibalization effect reduces the capture price obtained by wind power generation that is located close to a substantial amount of other wind power generation. In onshore locations wind characteristics can differ significantly/ Hence it is recommended that possible wind development sites have suitable diurnal profiles that effectively capture high SMP prices. Also, as increasing wind power capacity becomes installed in South Korea, it is recommended that wind power generation be located in regions far from the expected wind power generation 'hotspots' in the future. Hence, a suitable site along the east mountain ridges of South Korea is predicted to be extremely effective in attaining high SMP capture prices. Attention to these factors will increase the revenues obtained by wind power generation in a competitive electricity market.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.539-546
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• 2016

It is over 12 years since the launch of Korea Train eXpress (KTX) services. Demand for the KTX has been on the increase continuously but few studies have been produced related to this phenomenon. KTX passenger demand has been constantly increasing due to influencing factors such as the expansion of network, rise of oil prices, etc. In this study, our main focus is to verify that there are other types of elements that are causing an increase in KTX demand; our approach looks at changes in social and psychological aspect that have occurred due to the reduction of travel time and cost, as well as the imposition of a five-day workweek. In other words, we considered diffusion theory in the marketing area, which affects product selection and purchasing attitudes, as a key factor that is causing passenger demand to increase. That is to say that it is hypothesized that the demand for travel on the KTX has increased due to the train's utility, which is spread by the diffusion effect Therefore, the Bass diffusion model was applied to explain the dramatic increase in KTX passenger demand. Based on this foundation, it was also discussed how certain marketing strategies that incorporate the diffusion effect should be considered variously for sustainable management of rail transportation, while considering a steady passenger demand.