• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.689-695
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• 2015

A biofilm filtration for the removal of gaseous pollutants has been recognized as a process with a complex interaction between the gas flow characteristics and the process operating variables. This study aims to develop an one dimensional dynamic numerical model which can be utilized as a tool for the analysis of biofilm filtration process operated in plug flow mode. Since, in a plug flow system, minor environmental changes in a gaseous unit process cause a drastic change in reaction and the interaction between the pollutants is an influencing factor, plug flow system was generalized in developing the model. For facilitation of the model development, dispersion was simplified based on the principles of material balance. Several reactions such as competition, escalation, and control between the pollutants were included in the model. The applicability of the developed model was evaluated by taking the calibration and verification steps on the experimental data performed for the removal of BTX at both low and high flow concentration. The model demonstrated a correlation coefficient ($R^2$) greater than 0.79 under all the experimental conditions except for the case of toluene at high flow condition, which suggested that this model could be used for the generalized gaseous biofilm plug flow filtration system. In addition, this model could be a useful tool in analyzing the design parameters and evaluating process efficiency of the experiments with substantial amount of complexity and diversity.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2006

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}\;(TGF-{\beta})$ has been shown to have a positive effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and has been reported to stimulate meiosis at follicular level in variety of species. The study was designed to determine the expression patterns of $TGF-{\beta}1,\;TGF-{\beta}$ receptors type I, II and Smads gene in bovine oocytes and embryos. $TGF-{\beta}1$ and their receptors were observed in the unfertilized oocytes. $TGF-{\beta}1$ and type II receptor were not expressed at the blastocyst stage, however, only type I receptor was exclusively observed at the same stage. The blastocyst stage, in particular, showed high levels of mRNA expression patterns containing a $TGF-{\beta}1$ type I receptor. The mRNA expression pattern of Smad 2 at all stages of embryonic development was similar in all respect with $TGF-{\beta}1$ type I receptor. On the contrary, Smad 3 and 4 were expressed with high and low level mRNA at the blastocyst stage. In conclusion. it is suggested that $TGF-{\beta}1$ signaling may be regarded as an important entity during the preimplantation embryo development.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.222-229
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate the residual characteristics of azoxystrobin in fresh ginseng and calculate its processing factors in processed products, such as dried ginseng, red ginseng and their extracts. Azoxystrobin was sprayed annually onto four-year-old ginseng according to its pre-harvest interval (PHI) for two years. Harvested ginsengs were processed according to the commercially well-qualified conventional methods provided by the Korea Ginseng Corporation. Limits of detection (LODs) of azoxystrobin in fresh ginseng and its processed products were 0.001 and 0.002 mg/kg, respectively. Also limits of quantitation (LOQs) in fresh ginseng and its processed products were 0.003 and 0.007 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of the analytical methods in fresh ginseng and its processed products ranged from 69.3 to 114.8%. Highest residue amounts in fresh ginseng and its processed products were 0.025 and 0.118 mg/kg, respectively. Processing factors of the processed products ranged from 1.85 to 3.17 in four-year-old ginseng and from 2.48 to 5.84 five-year-old ginseng.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2014

Myiasis is usually caused by flies of the Calliphoridae family, and Cochliomyia hominivorax is the etiological agent most frequently found in myiasis. The first case of myiasis in a diabetic foot of a 54-year-old male patient in Argentina is reported. The patient attended the hospital of the capital city of Tucum$\acute{a} $n Province for a consultation concerning an ulcer in his right foot, where the larval specimens were found. The identification of the immature larvae was based on their morphological characters, such as the cylindrical, segmented, white yellow-coloured body and tracheas with strong pigmentation. The larvae were removed, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. The larvae were reared until the adults were obtained. The adults were identified by the setose basal vein in the upper surface of the wing, denuded lower surface of the wing, short and reduced palps, and parafrontalia with black hairs outside the front row of setae. The main factor that favoured the development of myiasis is due to diabetes, which caused a loss of sensibility in the limb that resulted in late consultation. Moreover, the poor personal hygiene attracted the flies, and the foul-smelling discharge from the wound favoured the female's oviposition. There is a need to implement a program for prevention of myiasis, in which the population is made aware not only of the importance of good personal hygiene and home sanitation but also of the degree of implication of flies in the occurrence and development of this disease.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars show an impairment of growth and development in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat and cold at the early seedling stage. The tolerance to heat stress in plants has been genetically modulated by the overexpression of heat shock transcription factor genes or proteins. In addition to a high temperature-tolerance that has also been altered by elevating levels of osmolytes, increasing levels of cell detoxification enzymes and through altering membrane fluidity. To examine the heat tolerance in transgenic rice plants, three OsOPT10 overexpressing lines were characterized through a physiological analysis, which examined factors such as the electrolyte leakage (EL), soluble sugar and proline contents. We further functionally characterized the OsOPT10 gene and found that heat induced the expression of OsOPT10 and P5CS gene related proline biosynthesis. It has been suggested that the expression of OsOPT10 led to elevated heat tolerance in transgenic lines.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2016

Diarrhea is reported as one of the most common diseases in calves. It is thought to be a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of well-known diarrheagenic pathogens and incidence of diarrhea in Korean calves. In this study, the relationship of calf diarrhea and pathogens were investigated from calves under 60 days of age in five areas of Korea from April to July, 2016. Of examined fecal samples, 38.3% was positive for any pathogens, and Giardia was the most common pathogen (25.5%). The incidence of diarrhea was 31% from pathogen-negative fecal samples whereas 61.1% from pathogen-positive fecal samples, suggesting high correlation between pathogenic factor and diarrhea. In addition, 80% of E. coli (K99) positive calves showed diarrhea, suggesting E. coli (K99) could be highly pathogenic. The incidence of diarrhea and infection rate increased with age. Rotavirus was revealed as a major pathogen in calves under 20 days of age, and the infection rate of Giardia increased rapidly in calves 20 to 39 days of age. The information on interconnections between clinical diarrhea and pathogens would contribute to developing strategies for treatment of calf diarrhea.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the optimal conditions for in vitro embryo production using oocytes derived from follicles of slaughter-house ovaries. The ovaries of Hanwoo were obtained from a local slaughter-house. The oocytes were aspirated from visible follicles of 2~7mm in diameter. The recovered oocytes which were completely surrounded by at least 2 layers of cumulus cells and a homogeneous cytoplasmic pigmentation were used. The selected oocytes were washed 3 or 4 times with D-PBS containing 10% bovine calf serum (BCS) and matured in vitor (IVM) in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 10% BCS or 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml epidermal growth factor(EGF) at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air for 24 hours. They were fertilizqed in vitro (IVF) with fresh sperm separated by Percoll density gradient or swim-up in TALP media. The zygotes were cultrued with or without bovine oviductal epitherial cells(BOEC) in media(HECM-6 supplemented with 11 amino acid and / or TCM-199 supplemented with 10% BCS) for 7 to 10 days. The results obtained were as follow: The cleavage rate and developmental rate to blastocyst after maturation and IVF were not significantly different between Ham's F-10 with EGF(76.0% vs. 44.0%) and BCS(75.9% vs. 43.6%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and development rate to blastocyst after fertilizing by swim-up or Percoll method were not signifciantly(P<0.05) different between swim-up (80.2% vs. 29.2%) and Percoll(81.9% vs. 26.5%) (P<0.05). The cleavage rate in TCM 199(80.5) was signficiantly higher than that in HECM-6 (72.0%) (P<0.05). However, developmental rate to blastocyst using TCM 199 following HECM-6 for 3 or 4 days (42.2%) was significantly higher than that in TCM-199 alone(26.7%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and development rate of embryos produced in vitro by exchange timing for HECM-6 media were not significantly different between in day 3(78.6% vs. 45.5%) and day 4(75.0% vs. 43.2%)(P<0.05). The cleavage rate and developmental rate to blastocysts according to co-culture system were not significantly different between with (74.2% vs. 41.4%) and without BOEC(73.95 vs. 43.5%) (P<0.05). The number of blastomere in blastocyst stage after co-culture with or without BOEC was not significantly different (106.7$\pm$5.1 and 96.6$\pm$4.0). In conclusion, the most transferable IVP embryos could be produced from Ham's F-10 medium for IVM, Percoll density gradient method for IVF sperm separation and in vitro culture in HECM-6 until day 3 or day 4, and then transferred into TCM-199 until day 9 within adequate embryo density in culture droplets after insemination.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1728-1736
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify prognostic predictors of postoperative acute renal failure(ARF) for the patient undergoing cardiac surgery. Retrospectively review the electronic hospital database at a A hospital from Jan 2008 to Dec. 2011. 483 patients were included in this study. They were divided into a occurrence of ARF group(n=59) and a non occurrence of ARF group(n=424). ARF occurred in 59 cases (12.2%). Multi-variable logistic regression analysis identified that preoperative risk factors include creatinine(OR 3.92, p=<.001), advanced age(OR 2.142, p=.015), female(OR 2.165, p=.015), hypertension(OR 2.513, p=.005), NYHA(New York Heart Association) class II(OR 3.081, p=.003), and III(OR 6.759, p=.004), and intraoperative risk factor includes blood transfusion(OR 3.753, p=<.001), and postoperative factors include bilirubin(OR 4.541, p=.028), creatine(OR 8.554, p=.003), and cardiac output(OR 0.214, p=.033) as a prognostic predictors. The development of postoperative ARF could be a reason for increase in rate of complication and mortality after cardiac surgery. therefore the prevention of ARF is of paramount importance and treatment strategies are urgently needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2003

Purpose : Several studies have suggested that hyperlipidemia might be a causative factor contributing to the progression of initial glomerular injury through the development of glomerulosclerosis. We examined the potential beneficial effect of atorvastatin - which blocks the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase - in PAN-induced nephrosis. Materials and Methods : Glomerulosclerosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley male rats by repeated administration of PAN. Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups : group I(control), group II(PAN 20 mg/kg, subcutaneous injection), group III(PAN 20 mg/kg subcutaneous injection and atorvastatin 50 mg/kg/day per oral). On the 11th week, upon sacrifice of the experimental animals, blood sampling, 24-hr urine collection and nephrectomy were performed. Results : Group III had significantly lower BUN and higher serum albumin($30.9{\pm}17.2\;vs.\;17.3{\pm}2.5\;mg/dL;\;2.3{\pm}0.1\;vs.\;2.5{\pm}0.2\;g/dL$, P<0.05) compared with group II. In the lipid profiles, group III was associated with a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL($291{\pm}173\;vs.\;167{\pm}72\;mg/dL:\;57{\pm}53\;vs.\;27{\pm}12\;mg/dL$, P>0.05) compared with group II. Atorvastatin administration lowered the glomerular sclerosing index significantly(26.2% vs. 13.3%, P<0.05). Conclusion : Puromycin-induced glomerulosclerosis could be ameliorated by the reduction of hyperlipidemia with atorvastatin. This suggests that hyperlipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.187-195
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• 1995

The present study carried out to determine the developmental capacity of bovine oocytes matured in epidermal growth factor(EGF)-containing medium, the developmental competence of bovine embryos using synthetic oviduct fluid(SOF) and the effect of glucose on the development of bovine embryos. In experiment 1, oocytes, obtained from abattoir ovaries, were matured in EGF-containing medium for 24 hours, followed by exposure to Korean native cattle spermatozoa for 18 hours and cultured by utilizing co-culture system with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) in TCM199. In experiment 2, early bovine embryos were cultured in SOF with or without BOEC and compared with those in TCM199 with BOEC. In experiment 3, bovine embryos were cultured in the presence or absence of glucose. Seven and ten days after in vitro fertilization, developmental competence of embryos were evaluated. The rate of cleavage was significantly(P<0.05) higher in EGF-containing maturation medium(70.0%) than in control(57.7%). The rates of development to morulae and blastocysts were 30.6% and 23.3% there was no significant difference between them. The rates of in vitro fertilized embryos to morulae and blastocysts cultured in SOF with BOEC(30.4%) and in TCM199 with BOEC(38.0%) were significantly(P<0.01) higher than cultured in SOF without BOEC(13.4%) at seven days after in vitro fertilization. The rates of embryos to blastocysts cultured in SOF with BOEC(29.4%) and in TCM199 with BOEC(35.9%) were significantly(P<0.05) higher than cultured in SOF without BOEC(13.4%) at ten days after in vitro fertilization. The rates of early embryos to morulae and blastocysts cultured in the presence or absence of glucose were 12.2% and 17.5% each other, there was no significant difference between them. The results show that bovine oocytes matured in the presence of EGF can cleave better, SOF with BOEC can replace serum containing complex media, TCM199 with BOEC in bovine embryo culture and glucose have little effect on the culture of early bovine embryos.