• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.343-353
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• 2013

Flow duration curve (FDC) can be developed by linking the daily flow data of stream flow monitoring network to 8-day interval flow data of the unit watersheds for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads. This study investigated the applicable method for the development of long term FDC with the selection of the stream flow reference sites, and suggested the development of the FDC in 4 river basins. Out of 142 unit watersheds in 4 river basins, 107 unit watersheds were shown to estimate daily flow data for the unit watersheds from 2006 to 2010. Short term FDC could be developed in 64 unit watersheds (45%) and long term FDC in 43 unit watersheds (30%), while other 35 unit watersheds (25%) were revealed to have difficulties in the development of FDC itself. Limits in the development of the long term FDC includes no stream monitoring sites in certain unit watersheds, short duration of stream flow data set and missing data by abnormal water level measurements on the stream flow monitoring sites. To improve these limits, it is necessary to install new monitoring sites in the required areas, to keep up continuous monitoring and make normal water level observations on the stream flow monitoring sites, and to build up a special management system to enhance data reliability. The development of long term FDC for the unit watersheds can be established appropriately with the normal and durable measurement on the selected reference sites in the stream flow monitoring network.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2018

Improvement in rice grain yield has been approached by means of genetic amendment, cultural management, and environmental adaptation. Subjecting the plant during the grain filling period to an appropriate environment plays a key role in achieving a high grain yield in temperate rice. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years with two planting times to assess the relations among grain filling traits, loss of leaf activity during the ripening period, and the grain yield of temperate japonica rice with wide environmental variation. Higher grain yields were attained in 2017 than in 2016 and with late planting than with early planting. The high grain yield accompanied a comparatively lesser increase in grain weight at the early filling stage but more gain in grain weight occurred during the late filling stage. Final grain weight correlated positively with grain filling duration but negatively with grain filling rate. Extended grain filling duration was associated with higher cumulative temperature and cumulative solar radiation for an effective grain filling period. The reduction in SPAD value ${\times}$ leaf dry weight from heading to harvest significantly correlated with final grain dry weight in a positive manner. No significant relation was found between grain filling duration and the decrease in SPAD value ${\times}$ leaf dry weight during the grain filling period. The results suggest that grain filling duration and loss of leaf activity during ripening independently contribute to environmentally induced yield improvement in temperate japonica rice.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.15
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• pp.137-165
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• 2001

The study on the duration of risk in the marine insurance has been paid a great attention because the marine insurance has to provide several indemnity conditions including the one to be compensated the loss when the accident happens. The research examines as to how the duration of risk has been extended from the beginning period to now. The results show the duration of risk has been continually extended in terms of place and time by a dramatic change of environment related to the marine insurance including marine transportation, a variety of goods, development of marine communication, many different trading conditions, etc, and requirement of the assured. The validity of the duration of risk is effected when the ship leaves at the port and is terminated when the ship arrives at the final destination. It in the Lloyd's age has been started when the products was charged to the ship and terminated when the one was safely discharged to the destination. Recently, the duration of risk in England Marine Insurance attaches from the time the goods leave the warehouse or place of storage at the placed named for the commencement of the transit, continues during the ordinary course of transit and terminates on delivery to the consignees or other final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named. Further research on the extension of the duration of risk must be conducted according to the being large scale of the ship and goods.

• MALSORI
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• no.49
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• pp.159-174
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• 2004

The development of the durational component of prosody modelling was overviewed and discussed in text-to-speech conversion of spoken English and Korean, showing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The possibility of integrating linguistic feature effects into the duration modelling of TTS systems was also investigated. This paper claims that current approaches to language timing synthesis still require an understanding of how segmental duration is affected by context. Three modelling approaches were discussed: sequential rule systems, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models and Sums-of-Products (SoP) models. The CART and SoP models show good performance results in predicting segment duration in English, while it is not the case in the SoP modelling of spoken Korean.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.516-519
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• 2005

An useful protocol coiled load duration curve methodology to estimate contaminant loading to a river on an exceedance probability scale was developed in this research. The technique was further applied to estimate total coliform loading to the Geum River, using the daily mean flow rate and total coliform concentration data during January, 1996 and July, 2004 for the Gongju where an automated monitoring station is located. Drought flow of the Gongju (=50.3 cms) was equivalent to 40% on an exceedance probability scale. Load duration curve for total coliform loading at the Gongju was constructed. Standard duration curve was constructed with the water quality criteria for the class 2 (total coliform concentration = 1000 MPN/100 mL). By plotting load duration curve with standard duration curve, it could be revealed that water quality do not meet the desired water quality for 47% on an exceedance probability scale. If linearity between flow rate and coliform concentration is assumed, it can be interpretated that water quality exceeds desired criteria when average mean flow rate is over 51 cms.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.258-265
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise patterns and the factors affecting exercise duration in pregnant women. Methods: The survey was conducted to assess walking and exercise duration in 146 pregnant participants, who live in Gyeongsang area. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression using the SPSS Win 23.0 program. Results: The average age of the participants was 31 years, and more than 87% of them were primigravida. The differences in the mean walking duration, the daily exercise duration, and the exercise days of participants before and during pregnancy were not statistically significant, but the exercise duration during pregnancy was decreased compared to that before pregnancy. The factors affecting weekly exercise duration were diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus, concern about weight gain during pregnancy, and monthly income. Conclusion: The results of this study show that development of an educational program to teach proper exercise practices during pregnancy is recommended.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.510-515
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• 2011

Urban renewal projects, in the form of mega-projects, are being actively implemented both nationally and internationally to revitalize inactive cities. These programs, however, are difficult to manage efficiently due to their need for a large budget over a long period of time and due to conflicts with stockholders. Moreover, existing cost and duration management systems are structured with emphasis on the design and construction stage of unit projects, thus limiting their application to long-term mega-projects that are integrated with various facilities. To solve these problems, this study developed a web-based system that can collectively manage the cost and duration of mega-projects at a program level. The unit modules included in the system--CBS organization, construction cost and duration prediction, and total cost and duration prediction--can support decision-making at the early stage of the program. Furthermore, the modules, which include contract management, execution management, change management, and program progress management, support the program operations for its successful accomplishment. The web-based cost and duration management system developed in this study is expected to be used as a valuable tool that supports the successful accomplishment of mega-projects through their efficient management throughout their life cycle.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.3E
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

The target strength (TS) is calculated from the measured signal using the definition of the peak TS (PTS) or the integrated TS (ITS). These two types of TS sometimes give different results depending on what the pulse duration is. In this paper, we model the scattered time signal by the numerical code based on the physical diffraction theory and examine the effect of the pulse duration on the value of PTS or ITS. The transformed TS (TTS) for the frequency domain is used as a reference solution.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 1999

The present study was performed to evaluate the best electric fusion condition in nuclear transfer, Korean Native Cattle fibroblasts were used as nucleic donors. Oocytes from slaughterhouse were matured in vitro for 22 h and enucleated. Each individual cells were transferred into enucleated ocytes and reconstructed embryo were placed into the fusion chamber. In experiment 1, pulse were performed by altering pulse duration at 1. 75kv/cm, 1 time. When pulse duration is 30$mutextrm{s}$, fusion and development rates is higher than other conditions. In experiment 2, the effect of different pulse number were studied at the pulse duration 30$mutextrm{s}$ and the same pulse intensity. When pulse number was one, fusion rates were higher than other conditions. The fused embryos were moved to culture medium and assessed their development to blastocyst. These results showed that best fusion condition was 30$mutextrm{s}$ and one time. And the fibroblasts derived from Han Woo can be reprogrammed by nuclear transplantation and develop subsequently in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to determine predictive risk factors implicated in complications in dogs with esophageal foreign bodies. Medical records of 72 dogs diagnosed with esophageal foreign bodies by endoscopy were reviewed retrospectively. Factors analyzed included age; breed; gender; body weight, location, dimension, and type of foreign body; and duration of impaction. To identify risk factors associated with complications after foreign body ingestion, categorical variables were analyzed using the chisquare or Fisher's exact tests and multivariate analysis, as appropriate. Complications secondary to esophageal foreign body ingestion included megaesophagus, esophagitis, perforation, laceration, diverticulum, and pleuritis. Univariate analysis revealed that the location and duration of impaction after foreign body ingestion were associated with an increased risk of esophageal laceration and perforation. Multivariate analysis showed that age, duration of impaction, and foreign body dimension were significant independent risk factors associated with the development of complications in dogs with esophageal foreign bodies. In conclusion, these results showed that longer duration of impaction and larger foreign body dimensions may increase the risks of esophageal laceration, perforation, and plueritis in dogs.