• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2008

Fishing in Kenya, until the discovery of Nile perch as an export commodity in the early 1990s, has basically a subsistence occupation for the lake and coastal communities. The government also did not recognize the importance of fisheries as a contributor to the macro-economy and therefore, did not pay much attention in terms of resource allocation for the development of the sector. Most fishing in Kenya is artisanal, with a little industrial fishing by prawn trawlers. The deep sea (EEZ) fishery resources are currently exploited by DWFNs through a licensing system. Only a small quantity of catch from the EEZ is landed in Kenya, primarily tuna loins for processing for export. Currently capture fisheries, mainly from Lake Victoria, earn local fishers over Kenya shillings (K Sh) 7 billion, while exports earn the country K Sh 5 billion (US$ 50 million) in foreign exchange annually. The government has been putting in place an enabling environment to promote investment activities in order to achieve economic recovery as well as for the development and sustainable use of fisheries resources in the country within the specified period. The Department's major roles are to ensure sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources; to promote aquaculture development; to assure quality and safety of fish and fishery products; and to facilitate fish marketing in order to maximize the benefits that can be derived from fisheries. The contribution of fisheries to local incomes, subsistence and food nutrition is significant, as this occurs in areas with the highest incidences of poverty in the country.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Nigeria like many other developing countries' eagerness to accelerate socio-economic development has prompted her to adopt several approaches over the years since independence. These have ranged from the import substitution scheme, the indigenisation policy, and structural adjustment programme to the national economic empowerment development strategy. Nigeria has sought to widen her economic base by engaging in increased cross-border trade and investment activities. This is with a view to spurring the process of industrialization and ultimately lowering the level of poverty in the country. This has led to the formulation of various industrial policies and processes, all geared towards integration into the world economy. Using secondary sources, this paper seeks to analyze Nigeria's journey towards industrial development especially within the context of globalization. It concludes by explaining the impact of the new economic paradigm on the country's quest to industrialize and recommends alternative path towards development and growth.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effectiveness of Offcial Development Assistance (ODA) in recipient countries' economy. ODA is designed to mitigate poverty and stimulate economic growth in the developing countries. We classify total ODA into bilateral ODA and multilateral ODA depending on the number of donor countries. If the ODA flows from one donor country to one recipient country, it is classified as bilateral ODA. If the multiple countries simultaneously become donor countries through the international organizations such as United Nations and World Bank, it is classified as multilateral ODA. This paper compares the effect of bilateral ODA and multilateral ODA in determining recipient countries' economic development, and tries to provide policy implications to Korean ODA. Research design, data, and methodology - Our primary explanatory variables are bilateral and multilateral ODA. Private credit in recipient countries is adopted as additional explanatory variables to capture the level of financial development in recipient countries. We measure the ODA effectiveness using economic growth and quality of life of the recipient countries as the dependent variable. We collect 142 recipient countries' data from OECD statistics, during the period from 1970-2014. Panel least squares estimation with country fixed effect is employed as the empirical model. Results - Our results support that ODA variable has a negatively significant impact on recipient countries' economic growth, while it is positively correlated with human development index. Recipient countries' private credit is positively correlated with economic growth and human development index. The interaction variable of ODA and financial development turns out to be significant in general. We find that the positive effect of ODA depends on recipient countries' financial market development and this effect is stronger in multilateral aid than bilateral one. Conclusions - From the analysis, we have confirmed that the recipient countries financial development is the necessity condition to achieve positive effect of ODA. Based on these results, we suggest that Korean government should increase the share of multilateral funding and pay attention to recipient countries' financial market development to maximize the effectiveness of ODA.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.313-319
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• 2012

This study aims to present about current status of logistics in Mongolia. As a landlocked country have limited the role of a maritime transportation is a very poor country. However, Mongolia is a rich country in mineral resources in the world and became a center of increasing international trade. Therefore, Mongolia wants to develop logistics as other developed countries using a strategic location. Mongolia uses international port for transit China and Russia by railway. First, this paper focuses on discussing the current situation of logistics. Second it points out some issues currently facing by the governmental policy to promote. Finally, this paper presents some recommendations for developing logistics in Mongolia. The geographical remoteness of Mongolia which results in high cost of transport causes problems for trade relations with the rest of the world to grow.

• Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2018

Botswana is a middle-income developing country in Southern Africa with an economy mainly reliant on mineral resources, particularly diamonds. Other sectors of the economy like energy are trailing behind in this country's development. For a long time, Botswana has been relying on imported energy from her neighboring countries. Due to this great dependence, the country has had little control over sufficiency of energy supply, especially during times of shortages in the neighboring countries. As a result, Botswana came up with a number of initiatives over the years to ensure security of supply and self-sufficiency in the energy sector. However, even with the efforts made, currently Botswana is still not self-sufficient and is facing challenges of energy shortages mainly in the power sector. This paper therefore, seeks to review the various policy instruments that have been adopted in Botswana from 1996 to date, identify challenges that come with them and make recommendations on the identified challenges.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 1977

The nutrient elements which are used in forest fertilization vary from country to country. The development of forest fertilization is influenced by different national interests and/or economic situtations. The fertilized area/year of each country is shown. As one can see, Korea will have one of the largest fertilized forest area in the world. Nevertheless, attention needs to be paid from the technical viewpoint, since the development has been very rapid. The fertilization techniques, kinds of nutrient element, amounts of dosage, types of fertilizers, estimation of their efficiency, leaf analysis, ecological or physiological aspects of forest fertilization, tree species, wood qualities, forest vegetation, damages such as deseases, insects, frost, wind and snow, are discussed in relation to forest fertilization. Finally, the problem of eutrophication of water is discussed. The technical assessment will become necessary in introducing new techniques into the field.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

Currently, Many serious games which combine original purpose of each fields with fun of a game has been developing in the country, abroad. This paper describes problems of development of serious game which based on the paper, analyzed development status of serious games in the country and abroad, proposes development methods. This paper should help to growth serious games industry.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2022

Each country's economic progress creates opportunities for its citizens to raise their income. Meanwhile, the country has secured the people's social security policies, particularly the protection of income equality, to promote harmonious and sustained economic development. Vietnam has been located in a dynamic economic development area in Southeast Asia since the 1986 economic reforms, with an annual growth rate of around 7%. Meanwhile, having achieved a middle-income status of roughly 3500 USD per person per year, Vietnam is attempting to maintain income equality and access to welfare systems for its inhabitants. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to use an autoregressive distributed lagged model to investigate the effects of income inequality and other economic factors such as foreign direct investment and trade openness on Vietnam's economic growth from 1992 to 2019. The research focuses attention on literature on income inequality, economic development indicators, and economic development in unique ways in this study. Income inequality slows the rate of change in economic development in the same year, according to our findings. Finally, the study will make policy suggestions to the Vietnamese government.

• Bulletin of the Korea Photovoltaic Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2020

Cameroon is a lower middle-income country with a population of 25.87 million inhabitants distributed over a surface area of 475,442 ㎢. Cameroon has very rich potentials in renewable energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower, geothermal energy and biomass. However, renewable energy constitutes less than 0.1% of energy mix of the country. The energy generation mix of Cameroon is dominated by large hydropower and thermal power. Cameroon ratified the Paris Agreement in July 2016 with an ambitious 20% greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction. This study attempts to investigate some renewable energy deployment policy-instruments that could enable the country enhance renewable energy deployment, gain energy independence, fulfill Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and achieve Sustainable Development Goals. It begins with an analysis of the status of energy sector in Cameroon. It further highlights the importance of renewable energy in mitigating climate change by decarbonizing the energy mix of the country to fulfill NDC and SDGs. Moreover, this study proposes some renewable energy deployment policy-solutions to the government. Solar energy is the most feasible renewable energy source in Cameroon. Feed-in Tariffs (FiT), is the best renewable energy support policy for Cameroon. Finally, this study concludes with some recommendations such as the necessity of building an Energy Storage System as well a renewable energy information and statistics infrastructure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.56-61
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• 2014

Standing in front of the huge benefits that shipping industry brings about in economy, politics and society of a country, many countries, especially the developing countries have strived hard to invest and develop their shipping industry (if any) by many methods such as economic reform act, tax allowance or even raising capital from domestic and foreign resources which seems very difficult to implement in the 21st century. According to analysis of A. Gerschenkron - a Russian economic historian at around 60 years ago, developing countries, who regarded shipping as an industry of strategic value with multi-dimensional affects for economic development, had utilized their backward advantages and imported modern technology, capital and skillful labor from more advanced countries in the course of fast industrialization in their countries. In fact, Gerschenkron model has applied in shipping industry of many backward countries. Korea's industrialization in shipping analyzed by Tae-Woo Lee (1996) could considered as a good example, in which the country makes use of policies on capital of tonnage finance, ideology, labor management in order to develop the industry. In this paper, the authors try to find the applicability of the Gerschenkron model to the shipping industry in developing countries, especially in Vietnam. And some questions which are necessary for the author's next paper about developing strategies to shipping industry in developing countries will be asked.