• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.109-124
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• 2012

Developing pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has been emphasized for teacher's professionalism and it should be done from systematic teacher training courses. In this study, we investigated changes of elementary pre-service teachers' PCK of science teaching and motivational strategies before and after a training course. For the analysis of pre-service teachers' PCK, their lesson plans, surveys, and interviews were collected. According to the results, in the beginning of the semester, pre-service teachers in the experimental group usually used didactic or combination of didactic and inquiry teaching strategies and a few pre-service teachers used inquiry or discovery teaching strategies when making lesson plans. However, at the end of the semester many pre-service teachers used inquiry teaching strategies in their lessons which included activities of asking students' prior knowledge, conducing experiments, finding conclusion, and comparing teachers' explanations with students' explanations. Regarding motivational strategies, in the beginning of the semester they focused using activities to create student's emotional interest in science lesson but at the end they used other strategies to create positive atmosphere for learning, capture intellectual interest in science, and connect science to students' everyday lives. The changes in pre-service teachers' PCK in the experimental group was meaningful because there was less change in pre-service teachers' PCK in the control group. This study implies the need for effective professional development programs for developing pre-service teachers' PCK.

• The Mathematical Education
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2001

Developing mathematical thinking skills is one of the most important goals of school mathematics. In particular, recent performance based on assessment has focused on the teaching and learning environment in school, emphasizing student's self construction of their learning and its process. Because of this reason, people related to mathematics education including math teachers are taught to recognize the fact that the degree of students'acquisition of mathematical thinking skills and strategies(for example, inductive and deductive thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking) should be estimated formally in math class. However, due to the lack of an evaluation tool for estimating the degree of their thinking skills, efforts at evaluating student's degree of mathematics thinking skills and strategy acquisition failed. Therefore, in this paper, mathematical thinking was studied, and using the results of study as the fundamental basis, mathematical thinking process model was developed according to three types of mathematical thinking - fundamental thinking skill, developing thinking skill, and advanced thinking strategies. Finally, based on the model, evaluation factors related to essential thinking skills such as analogy, deductive thinking, generalization, creative thinking requested in the situation of solving mathematical problems were developed.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• 통권1호
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• pp.391-421
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• 2003

While the social activities using Internet become generalized, the side effect of the information security violation is increasing steadily and threaten the countries which is not ready to prevent from offensive penetration such as the Information-fighter or Cyber-military. In this paper, we define the concept and characteristics of the modern Information-Warfare and analyze various kinds of threatened elements and also examine the recent trend in other countries. And introducing Computer Forensics raised recently for the confrontation against the security violation in the future, we will show the developing strategies and the necessity in order to response cyber attacks. These developing strategies can be used to ensure and re-trace the technical evidence for the security violation and to achieve the disaster relief effectively. So we hope that can apply them to the actual preparation through developing cyber trial test of the defense and attack for the Information-Warfare.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Metacognition means "thinking about one's own thinking". There are generally two aspects of metacognition: i) Reflection - thinking about what we know; and ii) Self-regulation - managing how we go about learning. Developing metacognitive abilities is not simply about becoming reflective learners, but about acquiring specific learning strategies as well. There are several strategies that may be used by teachers to develop metacognitive skills amongst learners. As part of a Professional Development project secondary school mathematics teachers have been developing their knowledge and skills to teach for metacognition. In this paper we analyze two lessons presented by groups of teachers in the project and tease out similarities and differences between the lessons that afford or hinder the development of metacognitive skills of learners.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• 제9권spc호
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• pp.19-38
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• 2003

This paper is aimed to evaluate the communicative competence of Korean EFL learners through the Discourse Completion Tasks(DCT) analysis. The present study has three purposes. The first purpose is to analyse English textbooks on the basis of thanking strategies, apologizing strategies, and requesting and offering strategies presented in Aijmer(1996). The second purpose is to analyse the discourse completion data collected from Korean middle school students and university students. The third one is to suggest the discourse syllabus model for the 8th national curriculum in Korea.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-125
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• 2016

Vietnam's "Doi Moi", initiated in 1986, translated to high economic growth and rapid urbanization for the country, but also widened the gap between rural and urban areas. Vietnam's National Target Program on New Rural Development for 2010-2020 was aimed at developing the rural economy and improving the living standards of rural people, but after five years the urban-rural gap remains substantial. Two of the main reasons are the lack of investment capital and lack of effective ways to mobilize community involvement. In contrast, during the 1970s, rural areas in Korea experienced huge improvements under the "Saemaul Undong" movement. The program's success at promoting sustainable development in Korea's rural areas has inspired rural programs in other developing countries. In this paper, we compare and contrast the two movements to provide explanations for the different results between the two countries. Based on this analysis, and policy implications stemming from it, we recommend resource mobilization strategies to change villagers' attitude and increase their involvement in Vietnam's rural development movement, aligning with the inclusivity principle "people know, people discuss, people do and people check".

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.246-259
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• 2021

Traditional wisdom on how late industrialized countries follow the technology trajectories of preceding economies is in need of reformation as these countries have attained industrial leadership in a growing number of fields. However, current understandings about these countries' development of their emerging technologies have yet to investigate the divergence of idiosyncratic technology trajectories. The aim of this paper was to explore how their knowledge production strategies in emerging technology sectors are diverging. Specifically, this research examines the changing patterns of knowledge production in quantum technology in South Korea and China by developing a knowledge portfolio and knowledge strategic diagram. According to the knowledge portfolio, the relative literature position differs. In the knowledge strategic diagram, there are diverging patterns in the emerging keywords sector. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating the diverging strategies of late industrialized countries in their transition from catch-up to post-catch-up paradigms and provides policy implications for countries developing an idiosyncratic trajectory in emerging technology sectors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.718-729
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• 2009

This study investigated the relationships between stress-coping strategies and the mental health of college students from health related and non-health related departments by developing an efficient managerial indicator using student lifestyle guidance and employment guidance. Results indicated that there are differences in stress factors between general characteristics and departments. Hope management was used the most for stress-coping strategies for health related departmental students and emotional management was used the most for stress-coping strategies for non-health related departmental students. Compulsion scored high for health related departmental students in regards to mental health while fear and hostility scored high for non-health related departmental students. Results also showed that active stress-coping strategies and paranoia were negatively correlated, while passive stress-coping strategies and many mental health substructure were positively correlated. In conclusion, negative influences on mental health is the reason for instances where stress-coping strategies were not pertinent. Therefore colleges and professors should consider developing a program which can appropriately manage and regulate college students stress and thereby allow students to actively participate with benefits from college lifestyle guidance and employment guidance.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2017

The current research investigates the service R&D strategies from the service's nature perspectives. In the current economy, manufacturing and service industries are becoming boundless, and thus, they are competing with each other in a customer-centric environment. Because customers' needs and wants are realized through services, service industry has become one of the most important industries in the world. However, there have been conflicting opinions about service R&D policies due to different definitions of services. The current research specifically focuses on the nature of services to discuss strategies for service R&D. Service R&D strategies are suggested considering the nature of the current economy where industries are becoming boundless. In addition, the current research considers the service's relational, bidirectional, horizontality, and harmonization nature of services, and also, intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, perishability were considered in suggesting strategies for service R&D. For manufacturing industries, strategies to strengthen servitization R&D were proposed, and for service industries, strategies to strengthen manufacturization R&D were proposed. The results from the current research can be used for developing corporate service R&D strategies, and developing policies for developing both service and manufacturing industries in the current economy.

• Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2004