• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 해상가두리 양식장에서 북방전복과 둥근전복속 교잡종(왕전복♀^*둥근전복♂)의 생물지표를 분석하여 교잡육종의 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 생존율은 북방전복과 유사하였으나, 성장(각장)은 교잡종에서 약 10% 빠른 것으로 분석되었다. 패각의 호흡공 기형율은 교잡종이 북방전복보다 약 6% 낮았으며, 패각 함몰 및 부식율은 교잡종이 약 15% 낮았다. 생화학적 조성에서는 조단백질의 경우 교잡종에서 약 3.1% 높았으며, 이를 제외한 나머지에서 유사한 값을 나타냈다. 소화, 흡수 및 해독기능을 수행하는 간췌장의 조직학적 평가에서는 교잡종에서 좋은 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 둥근전복속 교잡종은 추후 양식 환경에 접목하였을 때 높은 양식 생산력을 가질 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.895-908
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• 2023

Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the current study, metal-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica was isolated from metal-contaminated samples collected from the Tanjaro River, located southwest of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. R. ornithinolytica was identified by partial amplification of 16S rRNA. The uptake potency of heavy metals was assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and indicated that R. ornithinolytica removed 67, 89, 63.4, 55.6, 56.5, 65, and 61.9% of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe, respectively. These removal rates were influenced by temperature, pH, and contact time; at 35℃ and pH 5 with a change in the incubation time, the reduction rate improved from 89 to 95% for Pb, from 36.4 to 45% for Cu, and from 55.6 to 64% for Ni. Gene analysis indicated that R. ornithinolytica contained pbrT, chrB, nccA, iroN, and czcA genes, but the pcoD gene was absent. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images showed evidence of metal ion binding on the cell wall surface with different rates of binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected different mechanisms for metal particle localization; cell surface adsorption was the main mechanism for Pb, Zn, and Co uptake, while Cd, Ni, and Fe were accumulated inside the cell. The current study describes, for the first time, the isolation of R. ornithinolytica from metal-contaminated water, which can be used as an eco-friendly biological expedient for the remediation and detoxification of metals from contaminated environments.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2023

Background: Poor sleep quality is associated with psychoactive substance abuse/addiction/withdrawal. Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a nonpharmacological method used for the treatment of sleep disturbances. This study aimed to examine the quality of sleep before and after AA in participants with mental and behavioral disorders due to prior multiple drug use in the therapeutic community. Methods: This was a consecutive case series of 27 participants (25 male [92.6%]). The median age was 35.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29.0-37.2 years), methadone/buprenorphine were not used, and the participants were treated with AA (median number of treatments, 15.0 [IQR, 12.0-18.0]) during a median period of 51.0 days (IQR, 49.0-51.0 days) according to the National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA)-Acudetox protocol. Sleep quality was determined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month interval. Results: The global PSQI score dropped (indicating better sleep quality) by a median of 3.0 points (IQR, 0.0-8.0 points) after treatment. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an increase in global PSQI score during AA by 1 point, there was a 0.73-fold reduction in the risk of poor sleep quality post-AA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.01; p<0.055; Nagelkerke's R² =0.66). Conclusion: The results revealed a positive effect of AA (by the NADA-Acudetox protocol) on sleep quality (as measured by PSQI) among participants in a treatment center with mental and behavioral disorders due to multiple drug use.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.27.1-27.15
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• 2023

Background: The relationships between the postpartum subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurrence and predicted bacterial functions during the periparturient period are still not clear in Holstein cows. Objectives: The present study was performed to investigate the alterations of rumen fermentation, bacterial community structure, and predicted bacterial functional pathways in Holstein cows. Methods: Holstein cows were divided into the SARA (n = 6) or non-SARA (n = 4) groups, depending on whether they developed SARA during the first 2 weeks after parturition. Reticulo-ruminal pH was measured continuously during the study period. Reticulo-ruminal fluid samples were collected 3 weeks prepartum, and 2 and 6 weeks postpartum, and blood samples were collected 3 weeks before, 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks postpartum. Results: The postpartum decline in 7-day mean reticulo-ruminal pH was more severe and longer-lasting in the SARA group compared with the non-SARA group. Changes in predicted functional pathways were identified in the SARA group. A significant upregulation of pathway "PWY-6383" associated with Mycobacteriaceae species was identified at 3 weeks after parturition in the SARA group. Significantly identified pathways involved in denitrification (DENITRIFICATION-PWY and PWY-7084), detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (PWY1G-0), and starch degradation (PWY-622) in the SARA group were downregulated. Conclusions: The postpartum SARA occurrence is likely related to the predicted functions of rumen bacterial community rather than the alterations of rumen fermentation or fluid bacterial community structure. Therefore, our result suggests the underlying mechanisms, namely functional adaptation of bacterial community, causing postpartum SARA in Holstein cows during the periparturient period.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 식물의 제초제 해독 기구를 알아보기 위해, 양배추 (Brassica oleracea)로 부터 글루타티온 전달효소를 정제하고 외래성 이물질에 대한 기질 특이성과 저해 효과를 분석하였다. 양배추로부터 DEAE-Sephacel 컬럼과 GSH-Sepharose 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 약 10%의 수율로 글루타티온 전달효소를 정제하였다. 정제된 효소에 대해 분자량을 측정한 결과, SDS-polyacrylamide 겔 전기영동으로 측정한 분자량은 23,000Da을 나타내었으며, 겔 크로마토그래피로 측정한 분자량은 48,000Da을 나타내었다. 따라서 정제된 양배추 글루타티온 전달효소는 소단위체의 분자량이 약 23,000Da의 동종이량체라는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 이 효소의 저해제에 대한 효과를 조사한 결과, S-hexyl-GSH와 S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)GSH에 의해 활성이 저해되었다. 양배추 글루타티온 전달효소의 기질특이성은 CDNB와 ETA에서 높은 활성을 보였으며, cumene hydroperoxide에 대한 GSH peroxidase 활성도 나타내었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.96-96
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• 2022

Dillenia turbinata Finet & Gagnep. has been known to be used for couch cold, Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet for pimple, Garcinia tinctoria (DC.) Dunn for oedema. and Garcinia cowa Roxb. for detoxification for a long time. To determine whether these plants have anti-inflammatory effects, we performed nitric oxide (NO) assay. Raw264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS and treated with methanol extracts of these plants. Garcinia cowa Roxb. did not relatively show anti-inflammatory effect, compared to Redcharm extract control as previously used. However, Dillenia, Clerodendrum and Garcinia tinctoria demonstrated significantly higher anti-inflammatory effects in NO assay. We then tested whether these extracts have cytotoxic effect with MTT assay in Raw264.7 cells. Dillenia, Clerodendrum, Garcinia tinctoria and Garcinia cowa Roxb. showed almost similar cell survival rate. This implies that all these plants have almost no significant cytotoxic effects. Taken together, these results suggest that Dillenia, Clerodendrum, and Garcinia tinctoria, but not Garcinia cowa Roxb. are a good anti-inflammatory agent to be developed for medical applications.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2000

강원 양양산과 중국산 헛개 나무 열매와의 활성 차이를 비교하기 위해 쥐 와 사람을 대상으로 생체 내 알콜 분해 속도에 대한동력학적 분석을 실시한 결과 양양산이 중국산에 비해 1-2 % 로 극히 적게나마 빠른 알콜 분해 속도를 보였으며 분획물 에서도 이와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 하지만 이 정도의 차이가 두 품종 간 알콜 분해 속도에 차이가 있다고 주장하기에는 유의성이 적어 일반적으로 두 생산지의 차이에 따른 알콜 분해 속도의 차이는 극히 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 두 추출물 모두 알콜만 섭취했을 경우보다 1-2 시간 정도 빠르게 알콜을 분해했으며 유용 성분이 농축된 분획물의 경우 조 추출물보다 1-2 시간 정도 빨라 분획물을 섭취한 경우 알콜만 섭취한 경우보다 약 2 배 정도 빠른 혈중 알콜 분해 속도를 보였다. ADH 와 ALDH 의 활성 증진에 대한 영향을 비교한 결과 조 추출물의 경우 중국산이 양양산 보다 약간 높은 효과를 보였으나 분획물에서는 그리 큰 차이가 없거나 양양산이 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 특이한 것은 ADH 의 경우는 두 종의 분획물 모두 조추출물 경우 보다 50-60% 이상 활성 증진 효과가 두드러지게 나타났으나 ALDH 의 경우는 두 분획물 모두 활성 증진이 조추출물에 비해 10% 정도의 낮은 활성 증진 정도만 나타났다. 전체적으로 알콜만 섭취한 경우에 비해 헛개나무 열매 추출물을 동시에 섭취한 경우 ADH와 ALDH 효소의 활성이 약 30-60% 이상 증가하는 것이 확인되었으며 두 효소위 활성 촉진 정도가 공히 28-29% 정도를 유지해 ADH 와 ALDH 의 활성이 생체 내에서 균형을 이루고 있음이 입증되었다. 또한 헛개나무 추출물들은 ADH 보다는 ALDH 효소의 활성에 보다 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 숙취 원인 물질인 acetaldehyde 의 제거 에 효과적일 것이라는 평가가 가능하다. 이와 함께 간의 해독 작용 촉진 정도를 비교한 결과 중국산 헛개나무 추출물이 양양산 보다 상대적으로 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 0.6 g/L 이상의 농도에서는 효소 활성이 어느 정도 저해되는 현상을 보여 헛개나무 추출물이 간해독작용에 관여하는 효소와 competitive inhibition 관계에 있을 수 있다는 추론을 할 수 있다 . 하지만 두 종 모두 조 추출물과 분획물의 경우 120-300% 이상의 GST 효소 활성 증진 효과를 보여 생산지에 관계없이 간 기능 활성이 중요한 역할을 하고 있음이 입증되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2013

Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의해 발생하는 세균갈색무늬병은 버섯재배에서 문제가 되는 대표적인 병해이다. 본 연구에서는 세균갈색무늬병의 생물학적 방제법에 이용할 수 있는 독소저해균의 항균활성과 선발된 독소저해균에 대해 폿트수준의 생물검정 실험을 실시하였다. 재배중인 느타리버섯 폐면배지와 양송이 퇴비에서 세균갈색무늬병원균이 분비하는 독소(tolaasin)를 가장 강하게 억제하는 미생물 HC1를 선발하였으며, 생리 생화학적 실험과 유전적 실험결과 HC1균주는 Pseudomonas sp.로 동정되었다. 생물검정을 위하여 독소분해균 Pseudomonas sp. HC1을 양송이, 팽이, 느타리에 처리한 결과 각각 69%, 68%, 55%의 방제효과를 보였다. 따라서 Pseudomonas sp. HC1이 버섯 세균갈색무늬병 방제를 위해 합성농약을 대체할 수 있는 친환경적인 방제방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.81-102
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• 2018

Objectives : I analysed daehwangmokdan-tang's compatibility principle by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy and investigated pharmacological activities by categorizing with chemical components, molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level based on Korean and Chinese studies for this formula. Methods : Daehwangmokdan-tang's compatibiltity principle was examined by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy. I looked into studies that presented in Korea from 1956 to 2016 about daehwangmokdan-tang through KOREA INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE, Korean medicine information system (OASIS) and in Chinese for 20 years about daehwangmokdan-tang through China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI. Then classify into chemical components, molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level to analyse. Results : According to the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, chief herb is Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Moutan Cortex, deputy herb is Natrii Sulfas and Persicae Semen, assistant and envoy herbs are Trichosanthis Semen. The amount of extraction of paeonol, total anthraquinone, and conjugated anthraquinone from daehwangmokdan-tang with the formulation of the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy was the highest, and in the formulation of chief herb and deputy herb, the extraction amount of paeonol and conjugated anthraquinone was the lowest. With other formulations, the amount of extraction of total anthraquinone and conjugated anthraquinone was improved, although the degree was different. In particular, when it is blended with Persicae Semen as a deputy herb, the extraction amount of total anthraquinone and conjugated anthraquinone of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma as a chief herb is greatly increased, and the extraction amount of paeonol is rather different, but it is lowered. It was found that the amount of Mg Ca K Na in daehwangmokdan-tang was the highest. Pharmacological activities can be detected in inflammatory mediators and enzymes for molecular level. For cellular level, it can be determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line. In mouse and rats for animal level and human level, in inflammatory diseases (acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, acute abdominal disease, ect.), pharmacological activities was caught. Conclusions : From the above results, daehwangmokdan-tang is composed in line with the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, suggesting that there is certain rationality and scientific. Pharmacological activities of daehwangmokdan-tang are effective to anti-inflammation, improvement of sepsis, analgesic, muscle relaxation, and improvement of intestinal flora and its metabolites. Daehwangmokdan-tang is consistent with the action of diuresis and anti-inflammation in terms of the content of elements, suggesting that there is action of purging fire and removing blood stasis, defecation detoxification, cooling blood and clearing heat and activating blood and dispersing stasis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2008

We evaluated the response to salt stress of two different ginseng lines, STG3134 and STG3159, which are sensitive and tolerant, respectively, to salt treatment. Plants were exposed to a 5 dS/m salt solution, and chlorophyll fluorescence was measured. STG3134 ginseng was more sensitive than STG3159 to salt stress. To characterize the cellular response to salt stress in the two different lines, changes in protein expression were investigated using a proteomic approach. Total protein was extracted from detached salt-treated leaves of STG3134 and STG3159 ginseng, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE). Approximately 468 protein spots were detected by 2-DE and Coommassie brilliant blue staining. Twenty-two proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated in response to salt stress. Among these proteins, twelve were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-Q-TOF and classified into several functional groups: photosynthesis-related proteins(oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins 1 and 2, rubisco and rubisco activase), detoxification proteins(polyphenol oxidase) and defense proteins($\beta$-1,3-glucanase, ribonuclease-like storage protein, and isoflavone reductase-like protein). The protein levels of ribonuclease-like storage protein, which was highly induced in STG3159 ginseng as compared to STG3134, correlated tightly with mRNA transcript levels, as assessed by reverse-transcription(RT)-PCR. Our results indicate that salinity induces changes in the expression levels of specific proteins in the leaves of ginseng plants. These changes may, in turn, playa role in plant adaptation to saline conditions.