• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella) intake would be effective on cadmium(Cd) detoxification in rats fed dietary Cd. Fourteen-week old male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats weighing $415.0{\pm}1.6\;g$ were randomly divided into two groups and fed slightly modified American Institute of Nutrition-93 Growing(AIN-93G) diet without(n=10) or with(n=40) dietary Cd(200 ppm) for 8 weeks. To confirm alteration by dietary Cd intake, twenty rats fed AIN-93G diet without(n=10) and with(n=10) dietary Cd were sacrificed and compared. Other thirty rats were randomly blocked into three groups and fed slightly modified AIN-93G diets replacing 0 (n=10), 5 (n=10) or 10% (n=10) chlorella of total kg diet for 4 weeks. Daily food intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight (liver, spleen, and kidney), perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad weights were measured. To examine Cd detoxification, urinary Cd excretion and metallothonein (MT) concentrations in kidney and intestine were measured. Food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight and fat pad weights were decreased by dietary Cd intake. Urinary Cd excretion and MT concentrations in kidney and small intestine were increased by dietary Cd. After given Cd containing diet, food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weights and fat pad weights were not influenced by dietary chlorella intake. Renal MT synthesis tended to be higher in a dose-dependent manner, but not significantly. And chlorella intake did not significantly facilitate renal and intestinal MT synthesis and urinary Cd excretion. These findings suggest that, after stopping cadmium supply, chlorella supplementation, regardless of its percentage, might not improve cadmium detoxification from the body in growing rats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The stem bark of Rhus verniciflua (RVSB) has been used in herbal medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and stomach ailments for thousands of years in Korea, despite its content of the plant allergen, urushiol. A new biological approach for the removal of urushiol from RVSB using mushrooms is described. All mushroom species (11 sp.) employed in this study were able to grow on RVSB, although the growth rate (mm/day) was lower than the control (sawdust). The components of urushiol congeners [C15 triene (m/z 314), C15 diene (m/z 316), C15 monoene (m/z 318), and C15 saturated (m/z 320)] were purified by HPLC and identified by GC-MS. A C15:3 (3-pentadecatrienly catechol) was found to be most abundant in RVSB. Urushiol analogues decreased remarkably from 154.15 to 10.73 mg/100 g (approximately 93%) by Fomitella fraxinea, whereas Trametes vercicolor showed only a 1.46% degradation capacity despite its 2 fold higher growth rate. Similarly, laccase activity was found to be high for F. fraxinea and low for T. vercicolor. Moreover, approximately 98% detoxification was accomplished by F. fraxinea cultivated on RVSB supplemented with 20%(w/w) rice bran. These findings suggest that mushrooms can be used in the detoxification of RVSB.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권1호통권72호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1995

Rhizopus oryzae의 카드뮴 적응 및 해독기작과 이에 관련된 세포내 생리 생화학적 변화를 조사하였다. R. oryzae는 카드뮴 첨가농도가 증가함에 따라 거의 비례적으로 잠복기가 길어졌다. 카드뮴의 해독에 관련하는 system은 카드뮴 첨가 배양시에만 적응기 중에 특이하게 유도, 생성되어져 카드뮴 결합단백질의 성격을 지닐 것으로 추정되는 2종류의 단백질과 동일한 시기, 조건하에서 유의하게 증가되는 무기인산중합체 pool에 의하여 1차적으로 운용되어질 것으로 사료되며, 2차적, 보완적 system은 ACPase의 derepression 그리고 phosphatidyl serine의 합성증가 등의 방법을 통하여 운용될 것으로 생각된다. 또한 총지질화합물의 조성변화 등과 같은 다양한 생리 생화학적 물질대사 경로의 변화를 일으켰다. 이러한 변화의 총화로 크게는 형태적 변화까지 일어나 카드뮴 적응 및 해독에 필요한 성장형태로서 여러 가지 산물 생성에 유리한 dispersed filamentous type을 취하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2019

Mercury-resistant ($Hg^R$) bacteria were isolated from heavy metal polluted wastewater and soil collected near to tanneries of district Kasur, Pakistan. Bacterial isolates AZ-1, AZ-2 and AZ-3 showed resistance up to $40{\mu}g/ml$ against mercuric chloride ($HgCl_2$). 16S rDNA ribotyping and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the characterization of selected isolates as Bacillus sp. AZ-1 (KT270477), Bacillus cereus AZ-2 (KT270478) and Bacillus cereus AZ-3 (KT270479). Phylogenetic relationship on the basis of merA nucleotide sequence confirmed 51-100% homology with the corresponding region of the merA gene of already reported mercury-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The merE gene involved in the transportation of elemental mercury ($Hg^0$) via cell membrane was cloned for the first time into pHLV vector and transformed in overexpressed C43(DE3) E. coli cells. The recombinant plasmid (pHLMerE) was expressed and the native MerE protein was obtained after thrombin cleavage by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The purification of fusion/recombinant and native protein MerE by Ni-NTA column, dialysis and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC/SEC) involved unfolding/refolding techniques. A small-scale reservoir of wastewater containing $30{\mu}g/ml$ of $HgCl_2$ was designed to check the detoxification ability of selected strains. It resulted in 83% detoxification of mercury by B. cereus AZ-2 and B. cereus AZ-3, and 76% detoxification by Bacillus sp. AZ-1 respectively (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1245-1253
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• 2014

One-step sulfuric acid saccharification of the red alga Pterocladiella capillacea was optimized, and various detoxification methods (neutralization, overliming, and electrodialysis) of the acid hydrolysate were evaluated for fermentation with the thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. A proximate composition analysis indicated that P. capillacea was rich in carbohydrates. A significant galactose recovery of $81.1{\pm}5%$ was also achieved under the conditions of a 12% (w/v) biomass load, 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid, $121^{\circ}C$, and hydrolysis for 30 min. Among the various detoxification methods, electrodialysis was identified as the most suitable for fermentable sugar recovery and organic acid removal (100% reduction of formic and levulinic acids), even though it failed to reduce the amount of the inhibitor 5-HMF. As a result, K. marxianus fermentation with the electrodialyzed acid hydrolysate of P. capillacea resulted in the best ethanol levels and fermentation efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.519-527
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• 1996

To examine the possibility of biomonitoring of heavy metal removal ability and soil, a study was performed to investigate the heavy metal removal ability and metal-binding protein (MBP) as detoxification process using Oenanthe stolonifera. After O. stolonifera was exposed to individuals (cadmium, zinc) and mixture (cadmium+zinc)for 4 days, removal rate of heavy metal and pH in the treatment medium was measured. MBP was assayed by means of ion exchange column chromatography. The exposure to mixture (Cd:76.8%, Zn:75%) rather than individuals (Cd:82.9%, Zn:90.4%) showed a synergism raising the toxic effect. Initial removal rate was different for each heavy metal : in case of exposure to cadmium it was over 60% on day 1, while for zinc it was 75~90% on day 4. Throughout the experimental period, pH value of treatment medium continuously decreased, since cortex in the roots may secret organic acid to adjust and prevent toxicity of metals. The existence or MBP in the 70~80 fraction and the presence of Zn-enzyme pool was ascertained with the column chromatography. This study demonstrated a possibility that heavy utilized as a biomarker of heavy metal pollution.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5273-5279
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive effect of coumarin against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by monitoring tumor incidence and histopathological changes as well as by analyzing the status of biochemical markers (lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes). Oral squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the buccal pouch of Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. We noted 100% tumor formation with marked abnormalities in the biomarkers status in hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of coumarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) to DMBA treated hamsters completely prevented the tumor formation as well as restored the staus of biochemical variables. The results of the present study thus suggest that the chemopreventive effect of coumarin is probably due to its anti-lipid peroxidative potential and modulating effect on carcinogen detoxification agents in favor of the excretion of ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of DMBA during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1990

효모나 세균을 이용한 메칠글리옥살 대사의 효소학적, 유전학적 연구로부터 생물체들은 메칠글리옥살의 해독을 위하여 보편적이고 다양한 경로를 가지고 있음을 알았다. 이들 대사경로 가운데 글리옥살라아제 I은 메칠글리옥살 해독에 있어서 가장 중요한 경로이다. 글리옥살라아제 I의 분자구조는 효소의 기원에 따라 크게 다르게 나타났고, 아연 이온은 효소활성에 필수적이었다. Pseudomonas putida의 글리옥살라아제 I은 유전자는 메칠글리옥살리아의 제거제로 작용하였고, 또한 세균의 크기를 조절하는 역활을 가지고 있었다. 본 유전자의 염기배열과 정제효소의 아미노 말단을 비교해 본 결과 아미노 말단의 메치오닌 잔기는 번역 후 제거 됨을 알았다. 그밖에 글리옥살라아제 I의 생리학적 역활에 대해서도 논의하였다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2020

The number of disasters caused by natural or human-made events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, typhoons, industrial disasters, and the recent outbreak of COVID-19 has increased and the damage caused by such disasters is increasing every year. Disasters can cause physical destruction and also have unexpected psychological impacts, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Ear acupuncture is a treatment modality that can be helpful for both physical and mental health problems. Since ear acupuncture is a cost-effective, flexible, and safe treatment tool, it has the potential to provide medical assistance in disasters. The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) auricular acupuncture protocol, originally developed for addiction treatment, has been used for mental illness and behavioral symptoms in both community health settings and in a variety of disaster, terror, and refugee settings. In this review, we introduced the NADA protocol, including its history, features, training, clinical evidence, and cases in disaster settings, suggesting that the NADA protocol could be utilized as a disaster medical support model in Korean medicine.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2013

This study was performed to report the effect of coffee enema among detoxification Therapy on atherosclerosis. Russian patient was treated by coffee enema, acupuncture, herbal medicines, exercise, cupping, korean physical therapy, chuna manipulation treatment and moxibustion. The state of patient was measured by Infrared Thermography, Blood Vessel Stasis Test and Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. After treatments, both feet temperature were increased. And index of indicating the occlusion of the lower body was improved. Also, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale scores were improved. It means the patient was successful at non-smoking during hospitalization. These results suggests that atherosclerosis was improved. According to above results, coffee enema was effective to improve the atherosclerosis. More studies should be followed.