• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.89-91
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• 2012

The numerical simulation for detonation failure of ammonium nitrate (AN) based non-ideal explosives is carried out with an accurate and state-of-the-art Eulerian method. Detonation failure is readily observed in the rate stick experiments utilizing the AN mixture explosives and the inert confinements of varying thicknesses. The composition of non-ideal explosives and thickness of the confinements influence the characteristics of detonation failure. Calculated results are compared against the experimental data of both unconfined and confined rate stick problems and provide a reliable guideline to establish a fine-tuned chemical kinetic model for detonation failure.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 1985

One of the most probable reason of the apex seal damage in IR-2500 industrial Wankel (rotary) engine was believed to be the engine detonation. Both analytical and experimental studies were made with a view th find out engine detonation pressure. The stagnation detonation pressure $p_{03}$' was estimated based on the data from IR-2500 engine detonation tests, such as engine firing pressure, state of fresh charge at BDC and polytropic compression exponent. The estimated stagnation detonation pressure for the natural gas fueled IR-2500 engine was in excess of 3,700 psia. With natural gas liquid added to the natural gas the octane value of the fuel was lowered, thus, making the engine more prone to detonate. The estimated detonation pressure for the case with the mixed fuel was about 3,400 psia which was sufficiently high to break the apex seal. The subsequent engine lab tests performed on two identical engines with sole difference in the apex seal thickness between the two engines proved that the engine knock, in fact, was the villain of the apex seal failure.ilure.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.169-174
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• 2014

Detonation propagation studies is recently getting more attention in these days for its feasibility in aerospace application. Another motivation for this study is the safety concern in industries, since the detonation can cause failure to the mechanical components particularly when the flame accelerates within a pipe or tubes. In this study we numerically simulated a Moderately unstable detonation case with various grid systems and fluid dynamic length scales and have compared in the contents. Moderately Unstable detonation case was selected for this study and detailed Hydrogen-Air Reaction Mechanisms proposed by Jachimowski was used in this study with N2 as inert species.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-300
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• 2020

Estimating the damage induced by an explosion around a blast hole has always been a challenging issue in geotechnical engineering. It is difficult to determine an exact dimension for damage zone since many parameters are involved in the formation of failures, and there are some uncertainties lying in these parameters. Thus, the present study adopted a probabilistic approach towards this problem. First, a reliability model of the problem was established and the failure probability of induced damage was calculated. Then, the corresponding exceedance risk curve was developed indicating the relation between the failure probability and the cracked zone radius. The obtained risk curve indicated that the failure probability drops dramatically by increasing the cracked zone radius so that the probability of exceedance for any crack length greater than 4.5 m is less than 5%. Moreover, the effect of each parameter involved in the probability of failure, including blast hole radius, explosive density, detonation velocity, and tensile strength of the rock, was evaluated by using a sensitivity analysis. Finally, the impact of the decoupling ratio on the reduction of failures was investigated and the location of its maximum influence was demonstrated around the blast point.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2015

Explosive bolts are one of pyrotechnic release devices, which are highly reliable and efficient for a built-in release. Among them, ridge-cut explosive bolts which utilize shock wave generated by detonation to separate bolt body produce minimal fragments, little swelling and clean breaks. In this study, separation phenomena of ridge-cut explosive bolts or ridge-cut mechanism are computationally analyzed using Hydrocodes. To analyze separation mechanism of ridge-cut explosive bolts, fluid-structure interactions with complex material modeling are essential. For modeling of high explosives (RDX and PETN), Euler elements with Jones-Wilkins-Lee E.O.S. are utilized. For Lagrange elements of bolt body structures, shock E.O.S., Johnson-Cook strength model, and principal stress failure criteria are used. From the computational analysis of the author's explosive bolt model, computational analysis framework is verified and perfected with tuned failure criteria. Practical design improvements are also suggested based on a parametric study. Some design parameters, such as explosive weights, ridge angle, and ridge position, are chosen that might affect the separation reliability; and analysis is carried out for several designs. The results of this study provide useful information to avoid unnecessary separation experiments related with design parameters.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.775-779
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• 2010

Functionally graded materials (FGM) of PSZ/NiCrAlY on Inconel substrate were fabricated by detonation gun spraying method. A thick ceramic layer generally has a high thermal barrier effect however, because failure often occurs, the use of an FGM layer gives an advantage in thermal property. During the thermal shock test, micro fracture processes were detected by the AE method. Also, the thermal shock test was performed for NFGM, FGM and the changed FGM in the layered composition profile. It was found through AE testing and the observation of fracture surface that FGM was superior to NFGM in thermal shock properties. The linear or metal-rich type FGM in composition profile had the best resisting property among the FGM. It was found that the controlled composition profile of the graded layers had better thermal properties.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Hydrogen production facility using very high temperature gas cooled reactor lies in situation of high temperature and corrosion which makes hydrogen release easily. In that case of hydrogen release, there lies a danger of explosion. However, from the point of thermal-hydraulics view, the long distance of them makes lower efficiency result. In this study, therefore, outlines of hydrogen production using nuclear energy are researched. Several methods for analyzing the effects of hydrogen explosion upon high temperature gas cooled reactor are reviewed. Reliability physics model which is appropriate for assessment is used. Using this model, leakage probability, rupture probability and structure failure probability of very high temperature gas cooled reactor are evaluated and classified by detonation volume and distance. Also based on standard safety criteria which is value of $1{\times}10^{-6}$, safety distance between the very high temperature gas cooled reactor and the hydrogen production facility is calculated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.791-794
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• 2013

Electronic systems may be cause of various serious failures due to an ionizing radiation effect when exposed to a prompt gamma-ray pulse. This transient electrical malfunction can, in some cases, results in a failure of the electronic system of which the circuits are a part. Transient radiation measurement and evaluation system is required to development for enhanced radiation-resistance against the initial nuclear radiation produced by the detonation of a nuclear weapon of semiconductor devices. In these studies, we performed the following work. In the first part of the work, we carried out a SPICE simulation applied to nuclear radiation condition for PN diode and we also investigated the photocurrent by a pulsed gamma-ray on a PN diode using a TCAD simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.52-58
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• 2012

Recently, waste gas incineration is increasing due to strong environmental regulatory system in Korea. These incinerating facilities are usually connected with the top of the storage tank through pipeline and incinerate off gas with the flame. Therefore, the flame originated from these facilities is likely to move back into pipeline and might cause an explosion of the storage tank. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to suggest the preventive measures and the way to improve the safety of these incineration systems through the cause analysis of a major industrial accident occurred in a acrylic acid manufacturing process in Korea. As a result of the study, the preventive measures are suggested as follows. (1) Air or inert gas inflow facilities should be well designed to dilute flammable gases into air or inert gas sufficiently before the blower is restarted in order to prevent the explosion (2) It is needed for the detonation-type flame arresters to be installed on the top of the storage tanks. (3) In case of using the deflagration-type flame arresters, it is necessary to install a rupture disk before the arresters, or blow off the flame outside tanks by connecting the tank top and the incinerator with hood-type pipe. (4) TDR should be installed to be restarted automatically after the momentary power failure.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.627-634
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• 2014

In this study, standoff detonation tests and static beam tests on $160{\times}290{\times}2200mm$ RC beams were conducted to investigate the effect of local damage on the flexural strength and ductility index. And also, blast resistance of RC beams strengthened with steel fiber and FRP sheet were evaluated by these tests. The standoff detonation tests were performed with charge weight of 1kg and standoff distance of 0.1m. After the tests, crater diameters and loss weights of specimens were measured to evaluate the local damage of specimens. Flexural strength and ductility index were measured by conducting the static beam tests on the damaged and undamaged specimens. As a test results, normal concrete specimen(NC) showed relatively large crater and spall diameters that caused weight loss of 23.5kg as a local damage. Whereas, steel fiber reinforced concrete specimen(SFRC) and FRP sheet retrofitted specimens(NC-F, NC-FS) showed higher blast resistance than NC by reducing crater size and weight loss. Flexural strength and ductility index were decreased in case of local damaged specimens by detonation. Especially, large decrease of flexural strength was shown in NC as compared with intact specimen and brittle failure was occurred due to buckling of compressive reinforcement. In case of specimens strengthened with steel fiber and FRP sheet, residual flexural strength and ductility index were increased as compared with NC. In these results, it is concluded that critical local damage can be occurred unless enough standoff distance can be assured even if the charge weight is small. and it is verified that strengthening method using steel fiber and FRP sheet can increase blast resistance.