• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.3 s.59
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Through multiple stage analysis, the biochores in Korea were classified and organized as a hierarchy system. In the 1st step, the isopleth lines of warmth index $100^{\circ}C,\;85^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C\;\cdot$ month and the coldness index $-8^{\circ}C,\;or-10^{\circ}C\;\cdot$ month, which indicate the boundaries of plant formation zones (Yim and Kira 1975; Yim 1977), were applied in the determination of major biochores. In the 2nd step, these biochores were subdivided into the five classes based on Thornthwaite's moisture index (Im) and Yim and Kira (1976), as follows: $100{\le}Im,100 In the 3 rd step, the analysis of topographic features yielded three categories of flatlands, gentle slope, and steep slope areas. These were obtained by adopting the $100{\times}100-meter$ gridded DEM and by considering the physical features of the Korean Peninsula. The features of relief in mountainous areas, waters, islands, etc. were converted into climatic indices. This grouping of biochores serves as a useful tool for the interpretation of the distributional patterns of vegetation of vascular plants and similar phenomena.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

This study aims to evaluate the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hourly hydrological modeling performance and compare it with daily SWAT modeling parameters. For the Byeolmicheon catchment ($1.17km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongancheon watershed and total 18 storm events measured during 3 years (2011-2013), the hourly SWAT was calibrated and validated using the Green and Ampt (G&A) infiltration equation. The determination coefficient ($R^2$) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) of hourly SWAT discharge were 0.81 and 0.73 respectively, and the most sensitive parameter was soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SOL_K) and calibrated with the average value of 0.075 mm/hr. In addition, the hourly SWAT simulation by G&A was compared with the daily SWAT simulation by SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number) method for the whole 3 years period. The houlrly G&A results showed $R^2$ and NSE of 0.71 and 0.50, and the daily SCS-CN results were 0.71 and 0.66, respectively. The SOL_K by daily SCS_CN method was calibrated at 75.5 mm/hr, 1,000 times greater than the hourly G&A method. The next sensitive parameters for the hourly simulation were lag time of lateral flow (LAT_TIME) and lag time of surface runoff (SURLAG).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

This study investigated the determination of speech rates, words per minute (WPM) and syllables per minute (SPM), of $5{\sim}7$ year-old normal children to understand if there are any differences in the rates according to the children's age and sex. All participants were required to conduct story retelling tasks (SRT) and picture description tasks (PDT). In SRT, there was a significant difference between the groups of 5 year-old and 7 year-old children on WPM. However, there was no significant difference between the groups of ages regarding SPM. In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups according to sex on WPM and SPM. In PDT, there was no significant difference between the groups according to their ages and sex on WPM and SPM. The current research found that the speech rates of the preschool children might be somewhat different in their utterance abilities according to their age, but there was no obvious difference according to their sex. The findings can advance development of a clinical tool to screen children with fluency disorders and to determine the steps in establishing speech rates of children in the language development period.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 1990

An optimal file allocation algorithm which seeks optimal solution of file allocation problem for efficient management and operation of information files in distributed computer system is proposed. Since file allocation time in practical applications that have many computer sites is tool long, the problem size has to be reduced and computation time is improved by using preassignment conditio. A new method which calculate appriasal value for accurrate value for accurrate representation of assigned state is proposed and the selection criteria to candidate nodes for rapid determination of allocation are given. By using selection criteria, file allocation is determined and final appraisal value represent total cost of assigned state.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to describe a usefulness of nuclear analytical technique in assessing and comparing the concentration levels through the analysis of uranium using human hair sample in the field of environment. A fission track detection technique was applied to determine the uranium concentration in human hair. Hair samples were collected from two groups of people - a) workers not dealing with uranium directly, and b) workers possibly contaminated with uranium. The concentration of $^{235}$ U for the first group varied from <1 to 39 ng/g and the second group can be estimated up to the level of $\mu$g/g. Radiographs of heavy-duty work samples contained high dense “hot spots” along a single hair. After washing in acetone and distilled water, external contamination was not totally removed. Insoluble uranium compounds were not completely washed out. The (n, f)- radiography technique, having high sensitivity, and capable of getting information on uranium content at each point of a single hair, is an excellent tool for environmental monitoring.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

Alpha track analysis for the determination of the trace amount of alpha emitting nuclides in a very small particle was performed as an efficient and powerful technique during safeguard inspection. Metal particles with well-defined spherical shape, size and isotopic compositions as a reference material were used to correlate the number of tracks or track diameter with an isotopic composition eventually to identify the uranium enrichment in the environmental swipe samples. Slopes in the number of tracks versus the exposure time curve provide a simple insight into the uranium enrichment of an unknown particle. Low enriched uranium metal particles result in slopes still steeper than the depleted or natural uranium metal particles. In addition, a linear relationship between track diameter and particle size Is thought to be a useful first stage analytical tool as an efficient and convenient inspection guide. The significance of the simple linear model was also judged using the usual statistical tests.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

This study is to assess the effect of non-point source pollution discharge loads between tillage and no-tillage applications for upland crop areas using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) watershed modeling. For Byulmi-cheon small rural catchment ($1.17km^2$) located in upstream of Gyeongan-cheon watershed, the rainfall, discharge and stream water quality have been monitored in the catchment outlet since 2011. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated in hourly basis using 19 rainfall events during 2011-2013. The average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and $R^2$ (determination coefficient) for streamflow were 0.67 and 0.79 respectively. Using the 10 % surface runoff reduction from experiment results for no-tillage condition in field plots of 3 % and 8 % slopes under sesami cultivation, the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity for upland crop areas was adjusted from 0.001 mm/hr to 0.0025 mm/hr in average. Under the condition, the catchment sediment, T-N (total nitrogen, TN), and T-P (total phosphorus, TP) discharge loads were reduced by 6.9 %, 7.4 %, and 7.7 % respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.7-14
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify how much the MODIS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) can explain the forest soil moisture simulated from SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. For ChungjuDam watershed ($6,661.3\;km^2$) which covers 82.2% of forest, the SWAT model was calibrated for four years (2003-2006) at two locations of the watershed using daily streamflow data and was verified for three years (2000-2002) with average Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiencies of 0.69 and 0.75 respectively. For the period from March to June, the average spatial correlation between 16 days composite MODIS NDVI and the corresponding SWAT forest soil moisture was 0.90. The two variables averaged for each data set during that period showed an inverse relation with the average coefficient of determination of 0.55.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.425-457
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• 2004

This study is to approach e-Trade issues and how to settle the dispute for e-Trade according to on-line Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process. Most on-line systems operate on a limited access basis. The increasing use of the internet to do business brings to light at least important concerns to persons who engage in commerce on-line, or e-Trade. There is some concern about the limits of current internet technology to guarantee the security of e-Trade. The new technology has transformed society and is defining new years of doing business. This revolution in technology has even changed the nature of many of the goods and services that are the subjects of e-Trade. There is also concern about the limits of the legal framework to guarantee the enforcement of e-Trade. A significant issue is how the law should be adapted to reflect business practices regarding such cyberspace agreements as Web site click-on agreements, e-data interchange, and on-line sales. The principal benefits of on-line ADR should typically be faster and less expensive than traditional conciliation arbitration. The on-line ADR system has the several significances, decreasing inappropriate cost as time and burden of ADR, providing an approachable measure of relief and more efficient tool for the settle of dispute. Therefore, on-line ADR could be used as an adjunct resolution process in large class actions where each single claim is small, but varies somewhat, thus requiring some individual fact determination.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.118-123
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• 2001

Most structures of automobile are composed of many substructures connected to one another by various types of mechanical joints. In automotive engineering, it is important to study these connected structures under various dynamic farces for the evaluations of fatigue life and stress concentration exactly. It is rarely obtained the accurate load history of specified positions because of the errors such as modeling, measurement, and etc. In the beginning of design, exact load data are actually necessary for the fatigue strength and life analysis to minimize the cost and time of designing. In this paper, the procedure of practical dynamic load determination is developed by the combination of the principal stresses of F.E. analysis and experiment. Inverse problem and least square pseudo inverse matrix are adopted to obtain an inverse matrix of analyzed stresses matrix. Pseudo-Practical dynamic load was calculated for Lab. Test of sub-structure. GUI program(PLODAS) was developed for whole of above procedure. This proposed method could be extended to any geometric shape of structure.