• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2014

Various parameters such as solvent selection, concentration, solid/liquid ratio, soaking time, temperature, stationary, shaking conditions, and repeated extractions were investigated in order to determine the optimum extraction conditions of ${\beta}$-glucosidase from bagasse fermented by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger NRC 7A and Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 447. Among various solvents tested, non ionic detergents gave the best results than the inorganic or organic salt solutions and distilled water. The optimum conditions for extraction of ${\beta}$-glucosidase were 30 min soaking time at $40^{\circ}C$ under shaking condition at 150 rpm, with solid/liquid ratio 1:15 (w/v), which yielded $2882.74{\pm}95.52U/g$ fermented culture (g fc) of enzyme activity. With repeated washes under the above optimum conditions, the results showed that enzyme extracted in the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ washes represents about 90% of the total activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.10b
• /
• pp.267-268
• /
• 2002

Engine testing of new low-sulfur, low-phosphorus anti wear components is expensive and time consuming so bench testing of potential candidates is highly desirable as a first step evaluation. Electrical contact resistance (ECR) has been shown to be a convenient method to assess antiwear film formation in a ball-on-flat bench wear test. Correlation of the bench test to fired engines was demonstrated for lubricants varying only in the type of detergent. Previous papers have examined film formation by one and two component formulations of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZnDTP) and detergents. In this study, the ECR technique is systematically extended to formulations including ZnDTP, detergent, and dispersant. Both type and level of components are considered and the implications for engine performance are discussed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.564-568
• /
• 1993

By measuring the COD (chemical oxygen demend) of dish washing detergents being sold at market and pollutants connected with domestic sewage, we compared the amounts of water pollutants of one with other and carried out the experiments of ultimate biodegradation as against these samples. Also we combined our experimental results and circumstances of water pollution and wastewater treatments to the sewage system, compared the effects of synthetic detergent on water pollution with soap and the other pollutants and investigated results of our research.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.296-300
• /
• 1991

The membrane-bound Escherichia coli hydrogenases were purified partially by the solubilization with detergents. the E. coli crude extract was solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and dialyzed against the buffer containing Triton X-100. Two different hydrogenases were obtained by the DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and Sephedex G-200 column chromatography. The one was unstable during purification and contained 70- and 47-kDa polypeptides as major proteins. The other showed high H2-evolving activity and had major polypeptides of Mr 31 and 27. Those polypeptides were detected by the two-dimensional electrophoresis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.151-155
• /
• 1978

General components and detergency of commercial shampoos have been investigated and the results are summerized in the following. Shampoos were analyzed for surfactants and additives by KS method and surfactants were confirmed by T.L.C. Considerable differences in amounts of non volatiles and surfactants were found. Three of them contain either lanoline or sterols as additives and in the three. propylene glycol was found in their liquid part. It was shown that predominant sufactant was anionic and in all, except one. a little ampholytic surfactant was detected. But, contrary to forecast, in only one a little of non ionic surfactant was detected. Detergency of shampoos was examined using artificially soiled wool muslin. Considerable difference was found, and all shampoos showed higher detergency than a synthetic powder type detergent for textiles. There were no significant correlation between detergency and amount of surfactants or suspending power of detergents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1986.12a
• /
• pp.532.2-532
• /
• 1986

Alkaline protease which is an important enzyme used in detergents, leather tanning and food industry was produced by alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. KCTC 1723 isolated from soil. The maximum productivity of the enzyme in alkaline medium containing 1% sodium bicarbonate was obtained by incubating for 3 days at 37$^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 11.5 and calcium ion was effective on stabilization of the enzyme at high temperature. The enzyme was not inhibited by metal chelating agent such as El)TA but inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Purification of the enzyme was carried out DEAE- and CM-cellulose column chromatographies and molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 1996

Surfactants are the surface-active molecules that display amphiphilicity, Because of this surface activity and amphiphilicity, surfactants have been used in wide industrial applications such as foods, detergents, cosmetics, medicine, polymers, paints, flotation, textiles. These days, their applications extend to high-technology industries such as microelectronics, magnetic recording material, advanced batteries, novel separations, etc. As new applications of surfactants are found and the demand of the surfactants increases, surfactant industry has been more pressed to face a formidable challenge, which is to develop surfactants that are envirionmentally friendly. In this regard biosurfactants may be alternatives to chemical surfactants, since biosurfactants are biologically compatible, more biodegradable, less toxic, and highly specific. Because of these excellent advantages over those of chemical surfactants, much efforts have been made in biosurfactant research. This article reviews biosurfactants in several aspects, that is, their definition, structures, properties, applications, and prospects.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1995

The course of biodegradation of anionic surfactants, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates(LAS), Sodium Lauryl Ethoxylate Sulfonate(SLES), and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonates(SLS), which are mainly used to make detergents and shampoo, was investigated. The degree of biodegradation was studied as a function of concentration, volumetric flow rate, and temperature in Naktong River. MethyleneBlue Active Substances(MBAS), Total Dissolved Organic Carbon(TOC), and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) were measured to evaluate the degree of biodegradation. The degree of biodegradation of LAS was highly dependent upon the concentration and was increased as the concentration was decreased and that of SLES and SLS was almost constant at the concentration of less than 200 ppm, but was much increased as the volumetric flow rate was increased or the temperature was increased.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.73-77
• /
• 1986

The effect of $^{60}Co$ are discussed with regard to radiochemical destruction detergent. The study deals specifically with the effect gamma radiation from $^{60}Co$ source upon aquous solution of detergent. Test on biodegradation of A B S (solium alkyl benzene sulfonate) under the waste-water prior to the detergent conversion to biodegradable surfactants. The reason for removal of A B S was their extreme environmental stability and the associateo appearance of foam in waste water treatment plants. Although the A B S are considered biodegradable the time required for biodegradation in practical with the present environmental guidelines.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.414-420
• /
• 1993

Escherichia coli mrdAts and mrdBts mutants forming spherical cells at 42C, were employed to investigate the possible role of both inner and outer membrance structures in the determination of cell shape of gram-negative cells. Spherical cells, but not rod-shaped wild types, were specifically killed by anionic detergents, such as sarkosyl, sodium dodecylsulfate and sodium deoxycholate. From the spherical intact cells grown overnight at 42C, much more proteins were released by sakosyl.