• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2000

The sensitivity of a mehtanogen and sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a sea-based landfill site Cd$^{2+}$ and CU$^{2+}$ was studied. Methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in leachates of the waste disposal site were enumerated using the MPN method. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum KHT, isolated from the leachate, could not grow at 0.5 mM Cd$^{2+}$ or 1.0 mM CU$^{2+}$. Desulfotomaculum sp. RHT, isolated from the same leachate, was able to insolubilization 3.0 mM Cd$^{2+}$ or 2.0 mM CU$^{2+}$ by production of hydrogen sulfide. When strains KHT and RHT were cultured together in the presence of the heavy metals, strain KHT could grow at high heavy metal concentrations after insolubilization of the metals by strain RHT. strain RHT.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.280-286
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• 2014

Four thermophilic bacterial species, including the iron-reducing bacterium Geobacillus sp. G2 and the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfotomaculum sp. SRB-M, were employed to integrate a bacterial consortium. A second consortium was integrated with the same bacteria, except for Geobacillus sp. G2. Carbon steel coupons were subjected to batch cultures of both consortia. The corrosion induced by the complete consortium was 10 times higher than that induced by the second consortium, and the ferrous ion concentration was consistently higher in iron-reducing consortia. Scanning electronic microscopy analysis of the carbon steel surface showed mineral films colonized by bacteria. The complete consortium caused profuse fracturing of the mineral film, whereas the non-iron-reducing consortium did not generate fractures. These data show that the iron-reducing activity of Geobacillus sp. G2 promotes fracturing of mineral films, thereby increasing steel corrosion.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2012

Although, microbial arsenic mobilization by dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria (DARB) and the practical use to the removal technology of arsenic from contaminated soil are expected, most previous research mainly has been focused on the geochemical circulation of arsenic. Therefore, in this review we summarized the previously reported DARB to grasp the characteristic for bioremediation of arsenic. Evidence of microbial growth on arsenate is presented based on isolate analyses, after which a summary of the physiology of the following arsenate-respiring bacteria is provided: Chrysiogenes arsenatis strain BAL-$1^T$, Sulfurospirillum barnesii, Desulfotomaculum strain Ben-RB, Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum strains OREX-4, GFAJ-1, Bacillus sp., Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-$2^T$, strain SES-3, Citrobacter sp. (TSA-1 and NC-1), Sulfurospirillum arsenophilum sp. nov., Shewanella sp., Chrysiogenes arsenatis BAL-$1^T$, Deferribacter desulfuricans. Among the DARB, Citrobacter sp. NC-1 is superior to other dissimilatory arsenate-reducing bacteria with respect to arsenate reduction, particularly at high concentrations as high as 60 mM. A gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, Citrobacter sp. NC-1, which was isolated from arsenic contaminated soil, can grow on glucose as an electron donor and arsenate as an electron acceptor. Strain NC-1 rapidly reduced arsenate at 5 mM to arsenite with concomitant cell growth, indicating that arsenate can act as the terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration (dissimilatory arsenate reduction). To characterize the reductase systems in strain NC-1, arsenate and nitrate reduction activities were investigated with washed-cell suspensions and crude cell extracts from cells grown on arsenate or nitrate. These reductase activities were induced individually by the two electron acceptors. Tungstate, which is a typical inhibitory antagonist of molybdenum containing dissimilatory reductases, strongly inhibited the reduction of arsenate and nitrate in anaerobic growth cultures. These results suggest that strain NC-1 catalyzes the reduction of arsenate and nitrate by distinct terminal reductases containing a molybdenum cofactor. This may be advantageous during bioremediation processes where both contaminants are present. Moreover, a brief explanation of arsenic extraction from a model soil artificially contaminated with As (V) using a novel DARB (Citrobacter sp. NC-1) is given in this article. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of microbial arsenate reduction in the environment. The successful application and use of DARB should facilitate the effective bioremediation of arsenic contaminated sites.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.448-454
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of PCE and TCE as electron acceptors on the bacterial composition of dechlorinating communities. The enrichment cultures reductively dechlorinating PCE and TCE were developed from three environment samples using acetate as electron donor. The cultures were prepared by sequential enrichment, which was seeded with sediment and dredged soil. Denatured gradient gel electrophresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragment was used to compare the microbial communities of these three enrichment cultures. After incubation for 4 weeks, the removal efficiencies of PCE and TCE were highest from Yeocheon site (87.37% and 84.46%, respectively). PCE and TCE as electron acceptors affected the bacterial diversity and community profiles in the enrichment cultures. DGGE analysis showed that the dominant bacteria in PCE and TCE enrichment were belonged to Clostridium sp., Desulfotomaculum sp., and uncultured bacteria.