• 디자인학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.63-97
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• 1989

There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

본 연구는 인터넷쇼핑몰 비주얼 머천다이징의 주요차원을 고객이 쇼핑몰에 진입한 후 정보탐색과 대안평가를 거치는 등의 쇼핑과정을 토대로 AIDA모형 관점에서 점포, 제품, 촉진에 초점을 맞추었다. VMD의 주요차원(primary dimensions)으로는 점포디자인, 머천다이징, 그리고 머천다이징단서로 구분하였다. 선행연구 결과를 토대로 점포다자인의 하위차원으로는 차별성, 간결성, 위치확인성을, 머천다이즈의 하위차원으로는 제품구색, 명성, 정보성을, 그리고 머천다이징단서의 하위차원으로는 제품추천 및 링크를 설정하여 VMD태도와의 관계를 탐색적으로 조사하였다. 연구결과 이들 세 차원은 종속변수에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

유비쿼터스 시티(유시티)에서는 수많은 비디오 카메라들이 설치된다. 이렇게 설치된 많은 카메라로부터 대용량의 비디오 데이터가 실시간으로 끊임없이 발생하고 유시티의 관리 시스템으로 전달된다. 유시티의 다양한 서비스들을 뒷받침하기 위해서는 이러한 비디오 데이터를 저장하고, 이렇게 저장된 대용량의 비디오 데이터를 분석할 수 있는 방법과 관리 시스템이 요구된다. 그래서, 이 논문에서는 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 기반으로 한 유시티 비디오 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 또한, 근래 주목받고 있는 데이터 병렬처리 프레임워크인 Hadoop MapReduce를 이용하여 이러한 빅데이터 비디오를 분석하는 방법을 제안하고, 이에 따른 우리의 성능 평가를 소개한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.467-486
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• 1993

Today, more chronically ill and handicapped people are being cared for at home by a family member caregiver. The task of caring for a family momber may mean that the caregiver has less time and money and more work which may result in increased fatigue and symptoms of illness. This study was done to examine the well-being of family caregivers. Fifty three family caregivers were interviewed. Concepts were measured using existing tools and included : Burden(25 item 5 point scale), Social sup-port (21 item 7 point scale), Health status defined by a symptom checklist(48 item S point scale), and Well -being defined by a quality of life scale (14 item 7 point scale) and caregiving activities. Data collection was done by interview and Q-sort. Social support and well - being were positively correlated as were symptoms and burden. Symptoms and burden were negatively correlated with social support and well-being. Items on the quality of life scale had a mean score range from 3.09 to 4.96. Quality of life related to income was lowest (3.09) but the desire to use more money for the patient was rated 2.90 on the burden scale where the item means ranged from 0.73 to 3.55. The high mean of 3.55 was for obligation to give care and the low 0.73 was (or not feeling that this was helping the patient. Mean scores for symptoms ranged from 0.26 to 2.15 with the 2.15 being for “worry about all the things that have to be done.” Over half of the patients were dependent for help with some activities of daily living. The caregivers reported doing an average of 3.40 out of five patient care activities including bathing (77.4%), shampooing (67.9%), and washing face and hands (49.1％), and 3.74 out of seven home maintenance activities including laundry (98.1％), cooking (83.0%), and arranging bed-ding(75.5%). The caregivers reported their spouse as one of the main sources of social support, including in times of loneliness and anger The mean score for loneliness as burden was 2.15 and ranked fourth and 31 (58.5％) of the sample reported being lonely recently and not being satisfied with the support received. Similarly anger caused by the patient was given a mean score of 2.13, and anger was reported to have been present recently by 38 (71.7%) of the sample and satis-faction with the support given was low. Having someone to help deal with anger ranked twelfth out of 21 items on the social support scale and had a mean score of 3.98 (range 3.49 to 5.98). Spouses were reported as a major source of social support but the fact that 50% of the caregivers were caring for a spouse, may account for the quality of this source of social support having been affected. These caregivers faced the same problems as others at the same stage of life. but because of the situation, there was a strain on their resources, particularly financial and social. In conclusion it was found that burden is correlated negatively to quality of life and positively to symptoms, but in this sample, symptoms and bur-den were scored relatively low. Does this indicate that the caregivers accept caregiving as part of their destiny and accept the quality of their lives with burden and symptoms just being a part of caregiving\ulcorner Does the correlation between the bur-den and symptoms indicate they are a measure of the same phenomenon or that the sample was of a more mobile, less burdened group of caregivers\ulcorner Quality of life was the one variable that was significant in explaining the varience on burden. Further study is needed to validate the conclusions found in this study but they indicate a need for nurses to ap-proach these caregivers with a plan tailored to each individual situation and to give consideration to interventions directed at improving quality of life and expanding social support networks for those caring for spouses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.223-247
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• 1996

This study was done to provide information which would lead to nursing care of the elderly being more holistically through an understanding of the phenomena of powerlessness based on the lived experience of powerlessness by the elderly, the meaning the elderly give to such phenomena, and what essence of powerlessness is. The methodology used in this study was Max Van Manen's phenomenological method based on the philosophy of Merleu-Ponty and a concerted approach was realized through the 11 steps suggested in the Van Manen's method. Data collection was done from March 2, 1995 to December 30, 1995. The subjects for this study were four elderly persons who lived with their families and who were over 60 years of age. Data were collected about the lived experience of the elderly, this researcher's experience of powerlessness, the linguistic meaning of powerlessness, idioms of the word or a feeling of powerlessness, and descriptions of powerlessness in the elderly as they appeared in the literature, are works, and phenomenological literature. All data were used to provide insights into the phenomena of powerlessness. Data about the experience of powerlessness by the elderly were collected through open interviews, participation, and observation. In the analysis of the theme of this study, the aspects of the theme, powerlessness in the elderly were clarified, thereby abstracting and finding meaningful statements by the elderly about their feeling of powerlessness, and then those significant statements were expressed as linguistic transformations. The summarized findings from the study are as follows : 1. Five meanings of powerlessness in the elderly were defined. 〈weakness〉, 〈dependence〉, 〈frustration〉, 〈worthlessness〉 and 〈giving up〉. 2. 〈Weakness〉 means that the elderly experience, not only their aging but also, their becoming weak and the loss of physical function frequently caused by diseases. 〈Dependence〉 means that the elderly experience dependence without any influence from the surroundings and that elderly patients who are hospitalized lose their autonomy, follow entirely their doctor's prescriptions, use aid equipment and directions, and depend only on those things. 〈Frustration〉 means that the elderly experience the loss of their roles from the past, there by feeling that there is no work for them to do anymore and therefore feel unable to do anything. 〈Worthlessness〉 means that the elderly experience the feeling of losing their social roles from the past, having no financial ability, thereby being a burden to their children or the people around them, and therefore regarding themselves useless. 〈Giving up〉 means that the elderly experience the feeling of closeness to death in the final stage of their lifetime, lose hope to be healed from their disease, and recognize the incontrollability of their own body. 3. From a general view of the meaning of the theme the powerlessness in the elderly-the most essential meaning of the theme is the 〈sense of loss〉. For the elderly are experiencing a sense of loss in the situation of being elderly and therefore being often hospitalized. Brief definitions of the five phenomena could be 〈weakness〉 meaning the loss of physical strength, 〈dependence〉 the loss of mentality caused by disease and hospitalization, 〈frustration〉 and 〈worthlessness〉 the loss of social performance caused by the loss of social functions from the past, and lastly 〈giving up〉 the loss of the controllability of such situations of aging and suffering disease. In light of the discussion above, it is understandable that the hospitalized elderly experience powerlessness not only as it related to their diseases but also to their normal aging, and this related to other characteristics of being elderly means that the 〈sense of loss〉 is the very essence of their powerlessness. 4. While most cases are of the normal elderly experiencing powerlessness in relation to their social network, cases of elderly who are hospitalized are of those experiencing powerlessness in relation to the loss of their physical desire. 5. The findings discussed above can serve as guidelines for nurses who take care of the ill elderly who are hospitalized and that can provide cues to appropriate nursing service, recognizing that the subjective experience of the objective age of the elderly is so important. Nurses can provide highly qualitative nursing service, based on their deep understanding of the suffering of the elderly due to feelings of powerlessness.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제4호
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• pp.145-180
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• 2006

In Korea, nation and nationalism are undeniable justice, absolute virtue and moreover system of desire. From the late Chosun Dynasty when the Korean Peninsula had to survive from the critical situation of being the arena of competition, and through the colonial period under Japanese imperialism, nationalism became stronger as a logic of survival. The policy of seclusion under closed and exclusive nationalism that didn't recognize the world situation well enough, eventually gave more pain to the nation. Nationalism in colonial Korea which was as reformed nationalism and on the other hand, as intransigent, resisting nationalism. Since the purpose of this writing is not for clarifying the argument raised on Korean nationalism, there is no use mentioning how it went with the change of time. But we have to focus on the fact that the word 'nation' which appeared under the influence of popular revolution and capitalism meaning 'a group of people', was translated and understood as a racial concept for strengthening the unity of 'single-race nation with five thousand years' history. First of all, there is nationalism used to fortify the system. 'The Charter of National Education' and 'The Pledge of Allegiance' were ornaments to intensify the ruling ideology and dictatorship to militarize entire South Korea for 'settling Korean democracy' professed nationalism. Also, another ruling ideology armed with 'self-reliance' put North Korea into the state of hypnosis called nationalism. Nationalism, claiming 'nation' outwardly, but in reality, being an illuminating, instructing ideology isolating each other was indeed a body with two faces. This made 'nation' in Korea mysterious and objective through work such as. The statue commemorating patriotic forefathers' and picture of national records' in South Korea art. Nationalism used to strengthening the system encountered the magical 'single-race' and made 'ghost' being an extreme exclusion to other nations. We can find pedigreed pureness not allowing any mixed breeds from the attitude accepting western art -via Japan or directly- and making it vague by using the word Korean and Asia. There's nationalism as a resistant ideology to solidify the system on the other side. It came out as a way of survival among the Great Power and grew with the task of national liberation to became as a powerful force facing against the dictatorship dominating South Korea after the liberation. This discussion of nationalism as a resistance ideology was active in 1980s. In 1980, democracy movement against the dictatorship of 5th Republic originated from military power which came out suppressing the democratic movement in Gwangju, spread out from the intellects and the students to the labors, farmers and the civilians. It is well known that the 'Nation-People(Minjoong)'s Art Movement could come out under this social condition. Our attitude toward nationalism is still dual in this opening part of 21st century. On one hand, they are opposing to the ultra-nationalism but are not able to separate it from nationalism, and on the other, they have much confusion using it. In fact, in a single-race nation like Korea, the situation of being nationalism and jus sanguinis together can cause dual nationalism. Though nationalism is included in the globalization order, it is evidence that it's effective in Korea where there are still modern fetters like division and separation. In particular, in the world where Japan makes East Asia Coalition but exposed in front of nationalism, and China not being free from Sinocentrism, and American nationalism taking the world order, and Russia fortifying nationalism suppressing the minority race after the dissolution of socialism, Korean nationalism is at the point to find an alternative plan superior to the ruling and resisting ideology.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제21집
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• pp.77-110
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• 2004

문학작품은 선행 작품 혹은 동시대의 다른 작품들과의 상호관계 속에서 창작되고 있다. 당대의 문단활동을 통해서나 작가 자신의 소양 속에 내재되어 있는 선험적인 텍스트와의 끊임 없는 대화를 통해 작가의 의식에 적절한 반응양식이 선택하여 외부로 표현되는 것이 작품이라 할 수 있다. 어떤 양식 또한 시대적, 개인적 필요성에 의하여 이런 과정을 속에서 되풀이된다. 본 연구에서 대상으로 삼고 있는 홍언은 미국 초기 이민자이며 재미 한인신문 $\lceil$신한민보$\rfloor$의 발행에 오랜 기간 종사한 언론인이자 문인이다. 지면을 책임지고 있는 발행인으로서 자신의 작품을 비교적 자유롭게 발표할 수 있는 처지에 있었다. 그러나 국내문단과의 직접적인 교류나 활동은 없었고 미국 현지에서 함께 할 독자가 적은 가운데 시가만 400여 편을 발표할 정도로 활발하게 활동했다. 본 연구에서 홍언의 다양한 작품활동 가운데 1935년, 1947년 두 차례에 걸쳐 발표되는 몽유양식을 활용한 시가$\cdot$몽유가사$\cdot$몽유시조를 분석하고 그 의미를 고찰한다. 1935년과 1947년으로, 두 차례 $\lceil$신한민보$\rfloor$의 <사조>난에 몽유가사와 몽유시조를 싣는다. 홍언은 미국이라는 만리타국에 와 있지만 자신의 개인적인 것을 모두 포기할 만큼 조국의 독립을 갈망하였으며 항시 조국의 현실을 예의주시하고 있는 상황에서 창작된다. 첫 몽유시가는 1935년 4월 25일에 <이강산>을 필두로 1935년 5월 9일 부터 1935년 7월 4일까지 동회슈부라는 자신의 필명으로 <꿈에 고국에 가셔>라는 제목 하에 연작시가 8편을 차례로 연재하는 것이다. 이는 개화 가사의 형식을 선택하고 있으며 향수와 1900년 전후의 조선 상황에서 정체된 역사의식을 담고 있어 중세적 이념을 노정하고 있다. 두 번째 몽유시가는 1947년 9월 25일 발표한 <나라와 고향>을 서시로 1947년 10월 2일부터 1947년 11월 6일까지 6 편을 연재하는 <꿈속에 강산>이다. 여기서 선택한 시형은 시조이며 그 시상의 전개가 1차 시도와 비슷하여 1차 시도를 의식하여 창작되었다고 볼 수 있다. 내용은 분단된 조국현실을 직시하면서 미국과 러시아에 대해 적대적으로 인식한다. 그리고 외적 장애요인이 제거되었는 데도 고국에 가지 못하는 자신의 개인적 처지를 합리화하는 방어기제로서, 조국을 '살지 못할 곳'으로 인식하고 있다. 몽유양식은 꿈을 주요 모티브로 사용하면서 현실의 좌절된 욕망을 달성하고자 의도적으로 취하는 양식이다. 홍언은 이민 후 일제치하에서는 정치적인 이유로, 독립 후에는 개인의 경제적인 사정으로 고국방문을 하지 못했다. 고국방문이라는 간절한 소망을 달성하기 위하여 홍언은 몽유양식을 활용하였다. 이는 중세의 지식인들이 우언의 한 양식으로 즐겨 사용했던 전통 양식이자 개화기 지식인들이 검열을 피하기 위한 수단이며 다양한 글쓰기 방식의 일환으로 선택되어 문학사적 사명을 다했던 것과 같은 맥락에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2019

무형재화가 중심인 현대 서비스 경제시대에 의료서비스업의 경쟁력을 제고하고 지속적 성장을 위해서는 우선적으로 서비스본질의 특성을 이해해야 한다. 그리고 서비스본질 특성을 강화시켜 조직의 직무성과가 향상될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 의료서비스업을 대상으로 서비스본질 특성이 직무성과에 미치는 직접적 영향을 분석하고, 개인성향을 조절효과로 하여 간접효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 총 340명의 의료서비스업 종사자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 최종 315명의 자료를 분석에 활용하여 연구가설을 실증적으로 검증하였다. 분석결과 서비스본질 특성 중 상호작용성과 수평성이 직무효과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증되었다. 이는 고객 접점에서 고객의 욕구를 파악하여 고객이 원하는 상품과 서비스를 정확하고 신속하게 제공하거나, 조직내에서 부서와 부서, 동료와 동료와의 수평적 커뮤니케이션을 강화하는 것이 직무성과로 연결될 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 고객과 환자와의 관계에서 의료서비스 종사원들도 전문가적인 자세로 고객과 동등한 위치에서 고객이 원하는 서비스를 제공해 준다면 직무성과를 끌어올릴 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 급변하는 의료서비스 환경에서 서비스본질 특성을 실무적으로 잘 활용할 수 있다면 병원의 성장을 견인하여 지속적 성장이 가능할 것으로 분석되었다. 개인성향 조절효과를 검증한 결과 자존감과 성장욕구에서 부분적으로 조절효과가 나타났다. 향후 서비스본질 특성에 대한 다양한 연구가 필요하며, 본 연구는 의료서비스 분야를 대상으로 하고 있으나 향후 다양한 서비스 분야로의 확대·적용하여 심화 연구할 필요가 있다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 맥락을 중요시하는 수업 절차를 제안하고, 과학 수업을 진행하여 어떠한 효과가 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 과학지식과 관련이 있는 다양한 맥락 중에서 발견의 맥락과 실생활 맥락을 중심으로 수업을 설계하기 위한 수업 절차를 개발하였다. 맥락중심설계와 이를 적용한 프로그램에 대하여 전문가의 내용 타당도 검증 후 수업을 진행하였고, 학생들의 반응을 확인하였다. 수정·보완을 거쳐 완성된 수업 설계의 최종안은 다음과 같다. 맥락중심설계를 4단계 PEAS(1단계 - 맥락 제시하기(Presentation), 2단계 - 맥락 탐색하기(Explore), 3단계 - 맥락 적용하기(Adapt), 4단계 - 정리하기(Share & Synthesize)) 절차로 제시하였다. 과학지식이 어떠한 사회적·역사적 맥락에서 생성되었는가(발견의 맥락)부터 실생활에서 어떻게 활용되고 있는가(실생활 맥락)까지 폭넓게 다룸으로써 단편적인 지식 습득에만 치우치지 않고, 과학지식의 전반적인 흐름을 경험할 수 있도록 하는 데 목표를 두고 있다. 새롭게 제안한 수업 절차에 대한 이해를 돕고, 그 효과를 확인해보고자 5학년 2학기 '재미있는 나의 탐구', 2. 생물과 환경 단원을 선정하여 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구 결과, 맥락중심설계를 적용한 초등과학 프로그램은 학생들의 자기주도적 학습능력 향상에 효과적이었고, 특히 내재적 동기 영역에서 효과가 두드러졌다. 학생들은 과학지식과 관련된 발견의 맥락과 실생활 맥락을 경험하면서, 과학 학습에 능동적으로 참여하고자 하는 욕구가 생겼고, 이것이 적극적인 학습 효과를 이끌어내는 데 필수적인 조건이 되면서 의미 있는 학습이 일어날 수 있는 선순환 고리가 만들어졌을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 시사점을 바탕으로 다양한 영역 및 내용을 대상으로 맥락중심설계를 적용한 프로그램을 개발할 수 있을 것이다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2016

최근 제한적인 마커기반 증강현실의 여러 가지 단점들을 보완하기 위해 사용자의 얼굴, 발, 손 등을 활용한 비 마커기반 증강현실 시스템에 관한 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있는 추세이다. 또한 대부분의 기존 증강현실 시스템들은 사용자에게 보여주는 것과 기본적인 상호작용에 목표를 두고 강체를 증강하여 수행되는 경우가 많았다. 본 논문에서는 단지 보여주는 것에 국한되는 것이 아니라 여러 분야에서 활용이 가능한 변형물체를 사용자와의 상호작용을 바탕으로 시뮬레이션을 제공하는 비 마커기반의 증강현실 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 변형물체는 질량-스프링 모델, 유한 요소 모델 두 가지 방법을 주로 사용하여 구현한다. 질량-스프링 모델은 실시간 시뮬레이션에 장점이 있으며 유한 요소 모델은 변형물체의 정밀함을 나타낼 때 장점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 실시간으로 시뮬레이션을 목표로 하고 있기 때문에 질량-스프링 모델을 기반으로 하는 테트라헤드론 구조를 이용하여 변형물체를 구현하였다. 변형물체의 자연스러운 움직임을 실시간으로 시뮬레이션하기 위해 키넥트 SDK를 통해 사용자의 손의 위치를 추적 하고, 손의 위치 변화량을 바탕으로 힘을 계산한다. 이를 바탕으로 $4^{th}$ order Runge-Kutta Integration 수치적분법을 이용하여 물체의 다음 위치를 계산하여 시뮬레이션 하도록 하였다. 그리고 자연스러운 동작을 표현하기 위해서 사용자의 손을 통해 물체에 작용하는 힘이 너무 많이 작용하지 않기 위해 제스처에 임계값을 정하였으며 해당 임계값을 넘는 힘이 작용할 경우 임계값으로만 적용되도록 설정하였다. 각 실험을 5회씩 반복하였으며 실험에 따른 시뮬레이션 연산속도를 분석하였다. 본 논문을 통해 구현한 변형물체를 활용한 비 마커기반 증강현실 시스템을 바탕으로 기존의 강체 기반의 증강현실에서 활용하기 힘들었던 의료, 교육 및 다양한 방면으로 시뮬레이션이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.