• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1971

This Study was undertaken to evaluate the present health status and fatigue of the workers in T. Industrial Company in Pusan in Jan. 1971. The results were based on a question are from 354 working girls. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The largest portion of the workers, 20.2% of the questioned employees, were observed to lie at age 20. 2. Regarding their formal education, 76.0% of them had completed middle school. while only 7. 1% had graduated from high school, . 3. 63.0% receive 7-8 hrs. of sleep a day while 18.4% receive S-6 hrs. of sleep a day. 4. 36.4% spend leisure time reading: while 15.5% spend it resting and thinking. 5. 53.8% of them live in the company′s dormitory and 31.6% live at home. 6. Time spent in travel to work: 32.8% spent 40-49 min., 23.6% spent 10-29 min. 7. The shift times were reported as: 44.1% wonting from 8 A.M. to 4 P.M. and 33.9% working from 6. A.M. to 2. P.M. which is what they are doing now. 8. Regarding symptoms of fatigue: 1) Physical symptoms were: 48.3% complained of "feeling bean in the legs, ", and 39.3% complained of "general exhaustion. " 2) Psychological symptoms were: 37.6% said that "it is boring to talk"and 26.3% said" they had a desire to be alone". 3) Nitrogenic symptoms were 49.7% complained of "asthenopia"and 37.0% complained of"vertigo and "staggering legs". 9. When asked about the most fatiguing time during work, the following information was reported: 25.2% felt the first hour in the morning was most fatiguing while 22.9% felt the sixth hour in the evening, and 22.8% eelt the fifth hour at night was. 10. 38.4% complained of sleepiness at 3 A.M. and 35.0% at 4 A.M. during night work. 11. 38.1% found Sunday the most fatiguing work day and 20.% found Monday. 12. The results of the effects of their work on certain diseases: 51.1% showed those with anemia as most effected by work. 13. In their Response to the question, "do you eat breakfast\ulcorner"57.0%, the largest portion, answered, " none at all ": 36.3%, enough. 14. Regarding the accident rate relating to the length of time employed at the company 28.5% was the highest accident rate from 5year to 6 year. As a result of this study, it could be concluded that the employer should consider the following points: 1. employ according to the worker′s vocational aptitude. 2. adjust the shifts. 3. offer rest time and off days, and establish recreational facilities. In the end we can contribute to the promotion of the workers of the workers and to the prevention of accidents due to industrial fatigue.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.103-141
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the logic of choice, transformation, and exclusion in The Song of sword, comparing it with the historical records. This paper explains how a novel is 'produced'. Through this, it searches for the aspects in which The Song of sword changed into 'a narrative revealing the disillusionment of the novel's subject with the world'. In the logic of choice, it explores which time and space were chosen in the novel, and which character was chosen to prepare the content and formal framework of the novel. In the logic of transformation, it is confirmed that the meaning of 'individual' is highlighted in the novel, unlike the historical records, by transforming both the character of the enemy and the meaning of war. In the logic of exclusion, it studies the characteristics of the modern (novel's) subject in the novel by excluding the characteristics of the historical subject that existed in a particular time and space. This paper differs from previous studies in that it examines the way in which a novel is produced by comparing and analyzing The Song of sword based on the historical records. Through these analyses, we can see the unity of various heterogeneous elements, such as the historical reality, the writer's ideology and imagination, and the desire of the contemporary in the form of a novel. Also, by examining the elements of text that can not be sutured into a complete form, we can see the meaning of the novel's text as an unstable system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.203-230
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• 2010

This study analyzed the development and growth of folksonomy by examining tags associated with 40 bestsellers on LibraryThing.com in 6-month intervals. It was found that tag values do not decrease but grow in terms of quantity and quality. Accordingly, we examined the major significances of the tags and their potential utilization as an expression of subjects. Our findings were as follows. First, the motivations for tagging can be categorized into personal information for search purposes, self-fulfillment such as sense of achievement, display of emotion and sharing of one's experience with others, or an altruistic objective that emphasizes sociality with a desire that one's actions might provide social benefits. According to our analysis, 74.12% of tags had a social motivation. Second, the total number of tags and the frequency of usage increased with time. Third, the categories that showed a high increase in tag usage were dates of publication and reading, key words, main characters, and book reviews. Tags related to subjects had the highest ratio. Fourth, among Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), multiple genres, key words and main characters were assigned to books, and specific key words and other properties were added as time progressed. There was also a slight increase in the number of tags consistent with LCSH. Fifth, we found that key tags could serve as a compilation of terms that reflects the knowledge base of the corresponding era. Thus, folksonomy should be continuously monitored for its quantitative and qualitative development of the tags to make improvements on its formative disadvantages, and identify internal semantic significance, be actively utilized in conjunction with taxonomy as a flexible compilation of terms that incorporate the history of a specific era.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the satisfaction for college life and oral prophylaxis subject and improve the satisfaction for this subject by satisfying students' desire through the results of correlation, and to inspire a professional sense by helping students enjoy healthy college life. In order to achieve these purposes, 127 senior students of the Dental Hygiene Department, Kwangju Health College took part in this study to examine the satisfaction for a study course, a lab, professors, a college, and subjects. The following results were obtained. 1. The overall satisfaction for the Dental Hygiene Department was 2.83 and the highest dissatisfaction factors included difficult subjects and non-aptitude. The overall satisfaction for professors was 3.33 and students wanted professors' human contact with students and a well-prepared lecture. The overall satisfaction for college life was 2.65, suggesting not very high satisfaction, and the highest dissatisfaction factors included similar life to high school and surrounding environment. 2. The overall satisfaction for theory was 3.83 and for practice was 3.91 in oral prophylaxis. While the highest satisfaction was found in 'the objective and direction of class' and 'class and a supplementary lesson in not giving a lecture', the lowest satisfaction was found in 'experience in reading textbook-related materials or books'. 3. The correlation of the satisfaction of theory and practice of oral prophylaxis was examined. The satisfaction of oral prophylaxis theory was positively correlated with a school course, professors, and college, while the satisfaction of oral prophylaxis practice was positively correlated with a school course, professors, college, satisfaction of oral prophylaxis theory, and present health condition(p<0.05). 4. Factors influencing the satisfaction for the theory of oral prophylaxis included professors, while factors influencing the satisfaction for the practice were statistically significant in professors and health condition(p<0.05). Based on these results, in order for professional dental hygienists to be developed as professionals serving society, it is recommended to enhance the satisfaction for an oral prophylaxis subject and that professors should provide warm-hearted support and become a role model as an educator.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• 제16권
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• pp.207-242
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• 1989

This study hypothesizes that the present deadlock situation in public library development in Korea has chiefly been caused by the underdevelopment of the consciousness of the librarians themselves presently employed in various levels of public libraries throughout the country. This study, therefore, aims to define the areas in librarians' consciousness in which elements of backwardness prevail, and thereby to produce a theoretical framework to develop public library services in Korea on an indigenous footing. To do this, the present author set up a relationship between the traditional consciousness of the Korean People and the public library performances, based on existing published materials. In order to prove hisirelatonship, he then sent out questionnaires to public librarians and male high school students and analyzed the answered questionnaires using Pearson's Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. Results of the analysis are asfollows: 1) Those who place an importance on the show of respectability tend to prefer to work in an indirect services area. 2) Male librarians tend to show a job satisfaction because of chances of promotion reflecting a positive correlation between this-worldiness of librarians and their job satisfaction. 3) Male librarians tend to be satisfied in their job for the conviction for their self-accomplishment, and female librarians tend to be satisfied in their job for the attention and respect they receive from users. 4) Library technicians tend to draw their job satisfaction from their sense of job stability. 5) Male librarians tend to be dissatisfied for the lack of the monetary rewards they receive, while female librarians tend to be dissatisfied for the lack of promotional chances. 6) Most librarians tend to maintain a positive job attitude for the promotional chances, reflecting a positive correlation between this­worldliness in librarians and their service attitude. 7) Power-orientednes in librarians and their job satisfaction correlate negatively in the case of male librarians. This does not apply to female librarians. 8) Power-orientedness and good service attitude correlate negatively in the case of male librarians. This does not apply to female librarians. 9) The fact that male high school students desire to enter good colleges and universities and to obtain a position in his job positively correlate to the fact that public libraries have transformed themselves into a mere reading room. 10) Male library science students show a maladjustment in their major department in earlier years for the professional uncertainty, and as they advance into senior years they show a positive attitude about the library profession.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.43-63
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• 2015

Quality of the library service, because it is based on the subjective meaning of the user for a particular service, depending on the individual expectation level, can be divided between satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Therefore, library services that are performed in public libraries also ultimately assessment of library services may influence based on the expected value of the user. This study is a satisfaction survey of library services to the public library of Goyang. Overall satisfaction of Public Library of Goyang in this study are in the following orders: 1) facility, 2) cultural programs and courses, 3) librarian kindness, 4) collections. To understand the specific meaning of each preference, it was analyzed in the followings: 1) the expectation level to the library space, 2) expectation level to librarians, 3) new service the users desire, 4) service the users want, etc. by age and occupation. As the age of the user increases, the demand for traditional library usage increased. In addition, services that utilize the same library external resources and utilization of external lecturer is like finding employment and art courses, expectation level of users such as reading course to utilize library resources was the highest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2012

This study draws the following conclusions about the nature garden culture with crane that is a dynamic landscaping factor introduced into nature garden by analyzing the literatures on cranes written and landscapes painted in Chosun Dynasty. First, crane symbolizes such Buddhist, Taoist and Confucius media as appearance of Buddha, desire for Taoist hermit world and long life, and a solitary's life of proud loneliness. It has been recorded that crane was raised from the Three Nations Era till the Japanese occupation and Confucius scholars in Chosun Dynasty opened shows concerning crane or formed literature groups enjoying poems of it, and often using crane as their denial of going into government service. Second, in order to introduce crane to nature garden, people caught wild crane and made a fence and some kind of pond for their growth. In addition, crane was strictly managed by appointed slaves and they trained crane for dancing and then tended to allow a crane to play on the yard in terms of abstract meaning or got two cranes free in consideration of their ecology. Third, for more appreciation of crane and the expression of some symbolism matching for it, both plum and pine, which mean a solitary's life and long life respectively, were planted in nature garden. And, Confucius scholars in Chosun Dynasty also enjoyed their refined tastes with appreciation, napping, reading and playing the harp, accompanied by crane. As aforementioned, Confucius scholars in Chosun Dynasty did not only draw the meaning symbolized by cranes and write poems about such symbolic meaning, but also positively introduce crane into nature garden as a dynamic landscaping factor, so that they enjoyed synesthetic senses including looks, motions and sounds of cranes for their refined tastes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.529-544
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• 2018

In this research, the significance and practice on life of Dasan Jeong Yak-Young's family is reviewed. Articles, letter, poetry written by Dasan and research papers regarding to him are mainly referred for the research. Family life consciousness is divided into three sections in terms of family, food clothing and shelter life, and the economy of the family. Dasan's family life consciousness has been organized with self-management, temperance, thrift, sharing and giving for family and others. He emphasized practical efforts in daily life to realize sense of family life. First, Dasan sought self-managing and temperance as follows. He suggested attitude of careful speech and behavior, filial duty, peace within a family, reading, and training the body and mind including nice and independent temperament with being in good shape. Second, Dasan has been taught to practice the following to save money. It is important to be diligent, to live a simple life, to work hard on one's work, and to avoid extravagant behavior and heavy drinking. Third, Dasan emphasized to practice rational sharing and giving. It is to adapt to the environment, to live within one's means, to cope with difficult circumstances, not to have desire, and to practice giving. Dasan's family life consciousness includes the rules and values for implementing a welfare society. The welfare society is a society that shares good values and practices norms. In the future, the content of education should be developed to provide education about Dasan's family life consciousness. I hope this study can provide an opportunity that the moral teachings of Dasan can be handed down and practiced in relation to family life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.162-178
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• 1974

The present study is purported to provide a basic information to be utilized by nurses to care and attend effectively for patients nearing the moment of death. Therefore, the primary purpose of the study has been placed upon grasping an understanding of the trends of death in general. For this purpose: 1. By utilizing the schneidman questionnaire, the trend of death has been categorized by 6 parts and analyzed. 2. A search has been conducted to find out dying patient's needs, nurse's attitudes viewed by the patient, and nurse attitudes to dying patient. The followings are itemized results of analysis: 1. Analysis by the schneidman questionnaire. (1) In general concepts of death. the first sighting of the occurrence of death was experienced upon strangers, grandfather and great grandfather. The death is openly discussed among people of all ages and sex. Ages in which the death is mostly feared were from 12 to well over 70 yews old that are evenly distributed regardless of difference in age. (2) As to the attitudes toward death the occurrence of death to most closely associated person influenced most upon the attitude of their own termination of lives. Among the reading materials, the maximum influence was effected by the Bible. In terms of religion, the thoughts of death were Influenced by religions education in case of the believers of the western religions (36%), and by their own health and physical conditions in case of the believers in the oriental religions (35%). In case of non-believer, their attitude toward death were largely determined through their own thinking meditation (45%). People aged 20 or thereunder revealed that they wished to know the day of their own death to be occurred (58%). However, the older the less thor wanted to know. (3) As to the choosing the time of death, 57% preferred senility, and 30% preferred the time in mediately following the prime period of their lives in general. In terms of religion, 85% of the believer in the oriental religion preferred senility, and 67% in the western religion, 58% in others, Therefore. the desiring of their lives to be terminated in earlier stage, not by the natural senility. sequenced as follows : Others, western religions and oriental religions. (4) Referring to the disposal of the corpse under the assumption that it had already occurred, majority desired the burial system. There has been seen a slight tendency to consider the importance of holding funeral services for the sake of survivors. Concerning the life insurance policy, it showed that the nurse had less belief in it than the patient (5) Upon the subject of life-after-death. religion wise, 72% of western religion believers preferred to have an existence of life-after-death: Among the believers of oriental regions, 35% desired this category, 30% did not mind either way. and 35% did not desire the existence of such a life-after-death. In others, 53% did not mind whether or not such a life existed. (6) In general, serious thoughts were not being attended to the commitment of suicide. 37% emphasized that such an act should be prevented. However, 30% insisted that such commitment should not be bothered, and that society possesses no right to prevented it. More male wished to commit suicide (13%) than females (9%). 2. Nurse's attitudes toward terminal patients and patient's needs. In the instance where the patient realized that their death is imminent, most of them showed desire to discuses mainly on the problems of life. When faced a situation of this nature, it is revealed that 40% of nurses could not furnish appropriate care for them.

• MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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• 제104권
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• pp.70-100
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• 2023

The celadon made in the Goryeo era, a time when Buddhism was flourishing in Korea, naturally contains many elements of Buddhist culture. Among them, inlaid celadon with Sanskrit inscriptions bears a close relationship with esoteric Buddhism. However, the research on deciphering the Sanskrit inscriptions has made little progress due to the small number of extant examples. However, the four recent excavations at the No. 23 kiln site in Sadang-ri, Gangjin have yielded new materials that allow the existing materials to be categorized into several types. The results obtained through the reading and interpretation of the inscriptions are as follows: First, the Sanskrit characters inlaid on the celadon were parts of mantras. Inscriptions where only one character is apparent cannot be deciphered, but scholars have revealed that others are written in the manner of a wheel mantra represent the "Mantra for Purifying the Dharma-Realm," "Six-Syllable Mantra of the Vidyaraja," "Sweet Dew Mantra," "Jewel Pavilion Mantra," "Mantra of the Savior Bodhisattva," "Dharani of the Mind of the Budha of Infinite Life," and "Mantra for Extinguishing Evil Rebirth." Each mantra was written in Siddham script. Second, they are believed to have been produced during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries based on the arrangement of the inscriptions and the way the "Sweet Dew Mantra" is included in the "40 Hands Mantra." In particular, the celadon pieces with a mantra inlaid in a concentric manner are dated to the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries based on their production characteristics. Third, the interpretation of the inlaid mantras suggests that they all refer to the "Shattering Hell" and "Rebirth in the Pure Land." Based on this, it can be concluded that some of these inlaid celadon wares with mantras may have been used in Buddhist rituals for the dead, such as the ritual for feeding hungry ghosts (施餓鬼會). Also, because the Sadang-ri No. 23 kiln site and the "ga" area of the site are believed to have produced royal celadon, it is likely that these rituals were performed at the royal court or a temple under its influence. Fourth, this inlaid Goryeo celadon with Sanskrit mantras was not a direct influence of the ceramics of Yuan China. It emerged by adopting Yuan Chinese Buddhist culture, which was influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, into Goryeo Korea's existing esoteric practices. Fifth, the celadon wares inlaid with a Sanskrit mantra reveal a facet of the personal esoteric rituals that prevailed in late Goryeo society. Changes in esotericism triggered by the desire for relief from anxieties can be exemplified in epitaph tablets and coffins that express a shared desire for escaping hell and being born again in paradise. Sixth, the inlaid celadon with Sanskrit mantras shares some common features with other crafts. The similarities include the use of Siddham Sanskrit, the focus on Six-Syllable Mantra of the Vidyaraja, the correspondence with the contents of the mantras found on Buddhist bells, wooden coffins, and memorial tablets, and their arraignment in a similar manner with rooftiles. The major difference between them is that the Mantra for Extinguishing Evil Rebirth and the Sweet Dew Manta have not yet been found on other craftworks. I believe that the inscriptions of Sanskrit mantras are found mainly on inlaid celadon vessels due to their relatively low production cost and efficiency.