• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin E and nanoparticle-sized vitamin E (NVE) in a broiler diet on growth performance, blood profiles, and meat quality. A total of 45 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (initial body weight of 37.00 ± 0.41 g) were used in this experiment for 28 days. All broilers were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were as follows: a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplementing with 380 mg/kg of vitamin E (T1), and a basal diet supplementing with 380 mg/kg of NVE (T2). Each treatment had five replicates with three birds per cage. On days 0-7, the T1 and T2 groups significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight gain compared to the CON group. Also, the T1 and T2 groups significantly increased (P<0.05) vitamin E content in blood and breast meat compared to the CON group. In shearing force, the T2 group showed a lower tendency (P=0.070) than the CON group. The T1 group showed a higher tendency (P=0.086) in the b* (yellowness) value than the T2 group. On day 7 after the end of the experiment, the T2 group significantly decreased (P<0.05) TBA values compared to the CON group. In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin E or NVE can improve broiler growth performance in the starter period, reduce TBA value through the antioxidant action of vitamin E, prevent lipid oxidation, and improve shelf life.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2016

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]) is a legume cultivated throughout most tropical countries and is valued as food and feed for human and livestock respectively. The search for an improved cowpea variety has been on-going with the aim of improving traits such as grain yield, drought and pest resistance. But no information exist on the feeding value of these improved varieties. Phosphate (P) fertilizer application is recommended to augment grain yield in grain legumes but data on the effect of P fertilizer on haulm quality is limited. Results: Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P fertilizer dose on the nutritive value of haulms from different cowpea varieties (V). In experiment 1, effect of three P doses (30, 60 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) characteristics, concentrations of digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of haulms from five cowpea varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75, Songotra-IT97K-499-35, Hewale-IT93K-192-4, IT99K 573-1-1 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2) were investigated using the $3(P){\times}5(V)$ factorial treatment arrangements in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, the effects of two P doses (30 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) and two varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4) on the voluntary feed intake, live weight, haematology and carcass characteristics of Djallonke lambs were also assessed using a $2(P){\times}2(V)$ factorial treatment arrangement. The $V{\times}P$ interaction significantly affected CP, NDF and ADF with CP concentration increasing with increase in P doses in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2. Whilst an increase (P < 0.05) in NDF was observed in Songotra-IT97K-499-35and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2 as P doses increased, the other V only increased from P dose 30 to 60 kg/ha and declined at P dose 90 kg/ha. The ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in P dose for all V with the exception of Songotra-IT97K-499-35. There was a significant V effect on DOM with the highest reported in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 (43.44 %). Daily DM intake, carcass length and blood urea nitrogen of the lambs were significantly affected by the V x P interaction. There was a significant V effect on globulin and P effect on live weight at slaughter, dressed weight, chuck, leg, loin, rib and flank and liver and lungs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrient concentrations of cowpea haulms were positively influenced by different P dose and varieties with favorable effects on growth, haematology and carcass composition of lambs. Varieties Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4 at P dose at 90 kg/ha are recommended to enhance growth performance and carcass yield of Djallonke lambs.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

This study was carried out to examine the optimal treatment conditions of ethanol and glycerine for processing technology development of preserved flowers in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) 'Desio' commonly used for flower design. For this purpose, effects of dipping duration of ethanol solution and treatment duration and concentration of glycerine on preserved flower quality were evaluated. Ethanol treatment resulted in perfect dehydration and decoloration of petals and it was proper at 24~48 hours under high brightness and low chroma. Appropriate concentration and time of glycerine treatment was 30% at 36 hours because it resulted in Munsell value of 4.0R in Hue, 6.49 in Value, and 19.8 in Chroma (4.0R 6.49/14) representing the most approximate value to that of fresh petals. Decreasing rate in weight after desiccation tended to reduce by longer time of immersing and higher concentration. Weight after 12 hours of immersing reduced up to 86~90% according to treatment time in non-treatment group of glycerin, meanwhile, it reduced up to 51~69% under higher concentration of 40%. However, weight after 48 hours of immersing reduced up to 90% regardless of desiccation time in non-treatment group of glycerine, to the contrary, decreasing rate reduced by 46~54% through glycerine treatment of 40%. Time for desiccation required 24 hours in glycerin concentration of 10~20% except 6 hours of immersing time, however, higher concentration resulted in increased time up to 48 hours.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.27-39
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• 2004

In the first part of this study, five homogeneous regions in view of topographical and geographically homogeneous aspects except Jeju and Ulreung islands in Korea were accomplished by K-means clustering method. A total of 57 rain gauges were used for the regional frequency analysis with minimum rainfall series for the consecutive durations. Generalized Extreme Value distribution was confirmed as an optimal one among applied distributions. Drought rainfalls following the return periods were estimated by at-site and regional frequency analysis using L-moments method. It was confirmed that the design drought rainfalls estimated by the regional frequency analysis were shown to be more appropriate than those by the at-site frequency analysis. In the second part of this study, LH-moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the Gumbel (GUM), Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic (GLO) and Generalized Pareto (GPA) distributions were accomplished to get optimal probability distribution. Design drought rainfalls were estimated by both at-site and regional frequency analysis using LH-moments and GEV distribution, which was confirmed as an optimal one among applied distributions. Design rainfalls were estimated by at-site and regional frequency analysis using LH-moments, the observed and simulated data resulted from Monte Carlotechniques. Design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments (LH-moments) method have shown higher reliability than those of at-site frequency analysis in view of RRMSE (Relative Root-Mean-Square Error), RBIAS (Relative Bias) and RR (Relative Reduction) for the estimated design drought rainfalls. Relative efficiency were calculated for the judgment of relative merits and demerits for the design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments and L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments applied in the first report and second report of this study, respectively. Consequently, design drought rainfalls derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments were shown as more reliable than those using LH-moments. Finally, design drought rainfalls for the classified five homogeneous regions following the various consecutive durations were derived by regional frequency analysis using L-moments, which was confirmed as a more reliable method through this study. Maps for the design drought rainfalls for the classified five homogeneous regions following the various consecutive durations were accomplished by the method of inverse distance weight and Arc-View, which is one of GIS techniques.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

The appropriateness of railway route design is generally evaluated by the future value corresponding to the travel demand or benefit-cost analysis. These methods may have the limitation for the reasons that all the design alternatives cannot be considered, and the differentiation between the alternatives may not be significant because the alternatives are based on the strict basic scheme such as the design criteria. In addition, the cost varies by the design elements. In this study, all the design alternatives are considered with the automatized tool and the design criteria, and evaluated with the multi-criterion decision making method. The weight for each design element with the analytic hierarchical process may be helpful to derive more efficient railway alignment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.620-625
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• 2009

The seismic slope stability is most often evaluated by the pseudo-static limit analysis, in which the earthquake loading is simplified as static inertial loads acting in horizontal and/or vertical directions. The transient loading is represented by constant acceleration via the pseudostatic coefficients. The result of a pseudostatic analysis is governed by the selection of the value of the pseudostatic coefficient. However, selection of the value is very difficult and often done in an ad hoc manner without a sound physical reasoning. In addition, the maximum acceleration is commonly estimated from the design guideline, which cannot accurately estimate the dynamic response of a slope. There is a need to perform a 2D dynamic analysis to properly define the dynamic response characteristics. This paper develops the modified one-dimensional seismic site response analysis. The modified site response analysis adjusts the density of the layers to simulate the change in mass and weight of the layers of the slope with depth. Multiple analyses are performed at various locations within the slope to estimate the change in seismic response of the slope. The calculated peak acceleration profiles with depth from the developed procedure are compared to those by the two-dimensional analyses. Comparisons show that the two methods result in remarkable match.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

Purpose: The article deals with the proposition that consumers' fashion consumption behavior will still follow the consumption behavior of fast fashion, despite recognizing the importance of slow fashion. Research design, data and methodology: The research model to verify this proposition is topic modelling with big data including unstructured textual data. we combined 5,506 news articles posted on Naver news search platform during the 2003-2019 period about fast fashion and slow fashion, high-frequency words have been derived, and topics have been found using LDA model. Based on these, we examined consumers' perception and consumption behavior on slow fashion through the analysis of Topic Network. Results: (1) Looking at the status of annual article collection, consumers' interest in slow fashion mainly began in 2005 and showed a steady increase up to 2019. (2) Term Frequency analysis showed that the keywords for slow fashion are the lowest, with consumers' consumption patterns continuing around 'brand.' (3) Each topic's weight in articles showed that 'social value' - which includes slow fashion - ranked sixth among the 9 topics, low linkage with other topics. (4) Lastly, 'brand' and 'fashion trend' were key topics, and the topic 'social value' accounted for a low proportion. Conclusion: Slow fashion was not a considerable factor of consumption behavior. Consumption patterns in fashion sector are still dominated by general consumption patterns centered on brands and fast fashion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1790-1798
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• 2006

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) high black rice bran on nutrient digestibility, blood measurements, growth performance and pork quality of pigs. In Exp. I, a total of fifteen pigs (19.91${\pm}$1.80 kg, average initial body weight) were used in assay of nutrient digestibility and blood measurements. All pigs were allotted to 5 treatments with 3 replicates according to a completely randomized design (CRD) in an individual metabolic crate. Treatments included 1) CON: basal diet, 2) BRB-2: basal+brown rice bran 2%, 3) BRB-4: basal+brown rice bran 4%, 4) CRB-2: basal+C3G high black rice bran 2% and 5) CRB-4: basal+C3G high black rice bran 4%. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and crude fiber (CF) was not affected by dietary treatments. Serum triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were not affected by addition of C3G high black rice bran. However, at the end of experiment, pigs fed rice bran showed decreased tendency in total cholesterol concentration. Especially pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed significantly lower total cholesterol concentration compared to pigs fed brown rice bran (p<0.03). There was numerically lower total cholesterol concentration with increasing levels of black rice bran in the diet. In terms of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), there were no significant differences among treatments, even though pigs fed CRB-4 showed the lowest GOT concentration compared to other pigs. In Exp. II, sixteen finishing pigs (average initial body weight 89.96${\pm}$0.35 kg) were divided into 4 treatments to investigate the effect of feeding C3G high black rice bran on growth performance and pork quality. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the treatments. Pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed numerical decrease in ADG and increase in FCR while not effecting feed intake. There was no significant difference in live weight, carcass weight, carcass rate, backfat thickness and carcass grade. However, pigs fed C3G high black rice bran tended to show lower backfat thickness than pigs fed basal diet. Pigs fed C3G high black rice bran showed a tendency of decreased TBA value than pigs fed basal diet, although there was no overall significant difference among treatments. In conclusion, nutrient digestibility, blood measurements, growth performance and pork quality were not significantly affected by feeding C3G high black rice bran to pigs. However, C3G high black rice bran might have an effect on lowering serum total cholesterol and decrease the TBA value in pork compared to control group and these effects might be due to high concentration of antioxidative compounds in C3G high black rice bran.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.677-682
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• 2014

In the present study, a decision tree and artificial neural network were used to determine critical design parameters for lithium ion batteries and compare their performances. First, a design method that used a decision tree-artificial neural network model was used to determine the major design factors among early pole plate design factors that showed nonlinearity. Then, the artificial neural network was used to implement a weighted value analysis of the importance of the design factors and their effect on the current density. The second method involved the use of an artificial neural network model to construct artificial networks without separate determinations of the major early design factors to analyze the connections and weighted values related to the current density.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1421-1433
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• 2014

In this study, appropriate probability distribution and parameter estimation method were selected to perform snowfall frequency analysis. Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Probability Weighted Moment Method (PWMM) appeared to be the best fit for snowfall frequency analysis in Korea. Snowfall frequency analysis applying GEV and PWMM were performed for 69 stations in Korea. Peak snowfall corresponding to recurrence intervals were estimated based on frequency analysis while snow loads were calculated using the estimated peak snowfall and specific weight of snow. Design snow load map was developed using 100-year recurrence interval snow load of 69 stations through Kriging of ArcGIS. The 2009 Korean Building Code and Commentary for design snow load was assessed by comparing the design snow loads which calculated in this study. As reflected in the results, most regions are required to increase the design snow loads. Thus, design snow loads and the map were developed from based on the results. The developed design snow load map is expected to be useful in the design of building structures against heavy snow loading throughout Korea most especially in ungaged areas.